This thesis examines the complexities in the resettlement of Bhutanese refugees. Using anthropological ethnographic field methods, this thesis explores the power dynamics between the employees of a resettlement organization and the refugees and the intricate webs of power within different institutions, such as local NGOs and healthcare institutions. The study argues that humanitarian actions and interventions are often driven by bureaucratic politics and policies that contradict what humanitarianism stands for as apolitical and value-neutral. These contradictions or paradoxes in humanitarianism also are also present in refugee resettlement. Analyzing these paradoxes that characterize resettlement, this thesis illuminates structural discontinuities or gaps that result from differences in expectations between the refugees and the employees of resettlement organization. Drawing on analyses of the paradoxes and complexities in resettlement, the study concludes that bureaucratic management of refugees reinforces social inequalities and hierarchies of power that masks state’s responsibility towards both the refugees and local NGOs making resettlement an unsettling process.

Climate change is an issue that is increasingly being adopted into various NGO campaigns. Drawing on a theoretical framework that is grounded in post-colonialism and subaltern studies, this thesis investigates representations of agency in the climate change discourse of Oxfam International. The central research question guiding the study is: To what extent do developing world people and countries have agency in Oxfam International’s 2009 climate change campaign? The methodological approach used to address this question combines content analysis and critical discourse to analyze 105 documents published by Oxfam in the lead up to the 2009 U.N. Climate Change conference in Copenhagen, Denmark. The findings reveal that that developing world subjects tend to possess less speaking space and to be represented with less agency than their developed world counterparts.

This thesis examines the relationship between the Japanese government and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) involved in Official Development Assistance (ODA). Japanese NGOs are too easily co-opted into the mechanisms of state power, sometimes putting at risk the very objectives that ODA is meant to embody. Against this prevailing trend; however, some NGOs have rallied to resist and transform undemocratic ODA policies and practices, and challenge Japan’s traditional bureaucratic politics. Gramsci’s theory of state and civil society, which treats civil society as a field of contention between hegemony and counter-hegemony, provides a useful frame of reference to understand the contradictory role of Japanese NGOs. / Graduate

In this work trough the analysis of development and conception of the sovereignty it is brought to life, that sovereignty belongs to the stretched nation. It is visible, that such provision is provided in all Constitutions of the EU Member States while circumscription is thinkable only of competencies of the States. All Union Members realize sovereignty in similar manner: as supreme authority in determinate territory. It is certainly, that such definition wasn’t established at one dash. At first it was formulated by J. Bodin and all latter thinkers just sophisticated it. According to the EU Member States Constitutions it is shown, that “aged” and “new” Community Countries are lean to delegate, transfer or concede their sovereign powers for the EU only considering the profit for the country. Almost all ���new” Members are also declined to render their prerogatives if appropriate changes in constitutions is not to be done. Exception is Lithuania and Estonia, where were enacted just Constitutional Acts. Comparing the EU and USA sovereignty conceptions we can see that USA is the only state in the world, which can exercise their external sovereignty almost without any restrictions whereas the EU is seeking to consolidate de iure conception of sovereignty, where all states are of equal value. Analyzing the Constitutional Treaty of the EU we can see, that community isn’t granted with sovereignty. That are states, which determines competence of Union and at any time it could be... [to full text]

There has during a rapid growth of third sector organizations (TSOs) in the third world during the 1990s. Such growth has occurred during a period of severe cutbacks in state investment as well as rapid globalization of trade. Social activists have often organized TSOs in these countries as an alternative to private and public organizations. However the question of how leaders and managers of these TSOs sustain their activities remains important. Their dilemma of help is the focus of this study. / Through a study of strategy formation in three third sector organizations in the third world, this study focuses on how TSOs can be sustainable yet effective change agents. It develops a typology of TSOs with particular attention to type of third sector activity (operating, support, community), type of organizational form (Grassroots initiatives, Grassroots Organizations, Grassroots Federations, Development Support Organizations and International Development Support Organizations) and dominant strategy approach (domain, distinctiveness, and design). This study argues that attention to these three aspects needs to be complemented by exploring the processes through which strategies form in these organizations. / Accordingly the strategy process in three TSOs in South India was examined, in particular the origin of the strategy, tactics of consensus, and interests of participants. Examining the strategy process in TSOs revealed that strategies originated in intent or event, promoters' consensus-tactics were conceived or improvised and participant's interests were fixed or shifting. / These findings on strategy process show varied origins, interests and consensus tactics in TSOs. They also seem to be associated with particular capacities in these organizations to perform their chosen activities, as well as with changes in mission. The study concludes with a discussion of the significance of these findings and a call for bridging the literatures on good management and effective social change, for further researching capacity building in TSOs, and encouraging initiatives for cross sector learning.

This thesis looks at the role of British anti-trafficking NGOs in the development of the British policy response to human trafficking. Anti-trafficking NGOs are classified as insiders in the policy process which allows them access to the decision makers during policy developments. Through their insider status, NGOs have promoted their policy agenda for a victim-centred, balanced policy response to human trafficking to the government. A balanced policy response to human trafficking that contains a law enforcement approach with adequate and supportive measures for the protection and support of trafficked victims, has been internationally hailed as being required to tackle human trafficking at a national level. Although the British government has welcomed the input of NGOs in policy developments in response to human trafficking in Britain, the government's primary association of human trafficking with illegal immigration has prevented NGOs from achieving influential success. This thesis argues that the government's associations of human trafficking with illegal immigration have prevented it from further developing its human rights response to trafficking. A victim-centred approach to trafficking will support the existing law enforcement response in achieving an increase in successful prosecutions against the traffickers. Further, it is noted that policy developments in Britain are incremental and slow and the development of a policy response to human trafficking is no exception. By looking at the latest stage of British policy developments on human trafficking, the possibility of a balanced response has emerged for the first time. However, although the government has indicated its commitment to achieving such a response, no practical policy initiatives have been developed or implemented to affirm this commitment. This thesis contributes to the existing and growing body of literature on human trafficking policy in the UK. It aims to contribute to an understanding of how British anti-trafficking NGOs have used their status as insiders in the policy making process in order to influence policy developments, and to understand the limited success that they have experienced.

"April 2002" / Thesis (MA (Hons))--Macquarie University, Division of Society, Culture, Media & Philosophy, Centre for International Communication, 2003. / Bibliography: leaves 222-232. / Introduction -- Historiography of NGOs -- Historiography of globalisation -- World social forum, the who is who in the anti-globalisation/deglobalisation movement and alternatives -- Critical discourse analysis, discourse historical method and study's methodology -- Data analysis, findings and impact of NGOs' discourse on global civil society and TNCs -- Summary of findings, limitations and avenues for future research. / Non-Government-Organisations (NGOs) have been in the forefront of the struggle against the alleged negative impact of globalisation on developing countries and disenfranchised communities around the world. But despite the fact that NGOs and other grassroot movements are becoming increasingly strident, the discourse of this sector of civil society has not been subjected to any substantial and concerted academic study, particularly in the field of international communication. -- The present study aims at partially filling this gap by 1) reviewing the current general state of NGOs, 2) surveying the latest debates relative to the outreach of globalisation and 3) examining the alternatives being proposed. While drawing mainly on a select sample of NGOs and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) press communiques, the core focus of this study is to deconstruct the NGOs' discourse with a view to gauging its linguistic and hermeneutical underpinnings and situating its relevance within the ongoing debate on globalisation and alternatives. -- This study also aims to examine the discourse of NGOs in the context of a multidiscourse environment relative to the present state of global community development in general and civil society and disenfranchised communities in developing countries in particular as part of the praxis of mainstreaming alternative views and discourses. -- For this, an interdisciplinary methodology of text analysis, juxtaposition and interpretation, based largely on the matrix outlined in Wodak's (Matouschek, Wodak & Januschek, 1996, p. 60), Historical Discourse Method (HDM), Van Dijk's (1998) Media Discourse Approach and Fairclough's (1995, 2001) Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is used throughout this study. -- And in order to gauge the impact of NGOs' discourse on global civil society, sample articles are examined to decode the perspectives of pro-globalisation media vis-a-vis NGOs' discourse within the parameters of TNCs/Civil Society/NGOs relationships, international political economy and NGOs' taxonomy within International Regimes. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / x, 232 leaves

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rutgers University, 2007. / "Graduate Program in Communication, Information and Library Studies." Includes bibliographical references (p. 177-183).

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of St Andrews, November 2008.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Washington State University, December 2008. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Dec. 31, 2008). "The Edward R. Murrow College of Communication." Includes bibliographical references (p. 157-164).