Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2017-05-09T13:09:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio Vieira da Cunha.pdf: 268054 bytes, checksum: 4c968c79527a31867d221fe52ae60458 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-09T13:09:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio Vieira da Cunha.pdf: 268054 bytes, checksum: 4c968c79527a31867d221fe52ae60458 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-21 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The experiment was carried out at the IPA Experimental Station, Itambé-PE, located in the Forest Zone of Pernambuco. The objective was study structural and morphologic characteristics and evaluate factors related the grazing efficiency in five Pennisetum sp. genotypes (IRI-381, Venezuela, HV-241, Elephant B and Hexaploid) during the dry period of the year. Genotypes were managed under rotational stocking (44 days of resting period and four days of grazing period). The experimental design was complete randomized blocks in split plot (genotypes represented the plots; grazing cycles, the subplots) and four replications. Six replications were used for total, green and dry pre-grazing leaf blade mass. The others variables (green leaf blade accumulation and grazing efficiency) were analyzed using a complete randomizedblocks design with four repetitions. There was variation in the structural and morphologic characteristics of the Pennisetum sp. genotypes. The IRI-381 and Elephant B presented high density of green leaf blade, low percentage of dead material and high density of remaining basal tillers and new aerial tillers, with averages of 5.0 kg DM/ha/cm, 33%, 22 and 146 tillers/m2, respectively. The same genotypes presented greater total and green pre-grazing leaf blade mass, and green leaf blade accumulation and grazing efficiency, with averages of 1374 and 737 kg DM/ha, 654 kg DM/ha/44 days and 80% of the green leaf blade accumulation, respectively. The HV-241 presented high participation of died material in its aerial biomass (55.6%) due to the high tiller mortality (19 and 114 basal and aerial dead tillers/m2, respectively). This genotype stillpresented high grazing efficiency (100% of the green leaf blade accumulation), however low green leaf blade accumulation (155 kg of MS/ha/44 days). Lesser grazing efficiencies were observed in the Hexaploid and Venezuela (59 and 36% of the green leaf blade accumulation, respectively), possibly due to the high losses by grazing (30 and 31% of the pre-grazing total leaf blade mass, respectively). The alterations in the structural and morphologic characteristics of the Pennisetum sp. genotypes suggest that the animal stoking will have to be adjusted to each grazing cycle aiming at the maintenance of forage stand and the quality of the animal diet. The genotypes IRI-381 and Elephant B presented potential to be used under rotational stocking in dry period of the year. There were indications that interspecific hybrid HV-241 was more affected bythe effect of the dry period of the year. / O experimento foi realizado na Estação Experimental do IPA, em Itambé-PE,objetivando estudar características estruturais e morfológicas, assim como os fatores relacionados à eficiência de pastejo em cinco genótipos de Pennisetum sp. (IRI-381,Venezuela, HV-241, Elefante B e Hexaplóide) no período seco do ano, da Zona da Mata de Pernambuco. Os genótipos foram manejados sob lotação rotacionada (44 dias de descanso e quatro dias de permanência) ao longo de dois ciclos de pastejo. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas (os genótipos representaram as parcelas; os ciclos de pastejo, as subparcelas) e quatro repetições. Para massa de lâmina foliar total, verde, e seca pré-pastejo foram utilizadas seis repetições. Para acúmulo de lâmina foliar verde e eficiência de pastejo foi utilizado delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Houve variação nas características estruturais e morfológicas de genótipos de Pennisetum sp. O IRI-381 e Elefante B apresentaram alta densidade de lâmina foliar verde, baixa porcentagem de material morto e alta densidade de perfilhos basais remanescentes e aéreos novos, com médias de 5,0 kg de MS/ha/cm, 33%, 22 e 146 perfilhos/m2, respectivamente. Estes mesmos genótipos apresentaram maior massa de lâmina foliar total, e verde pré-pastejo, acúmulo de lâmina foliar verde e eficiência de pastejo, com médias de 1374 e 737 kg de MS/ha, 654 kg de MS/ha/44 dias e 80% do acúmulo lâmina foliar verde, respectivamente. OHV-241 apresentou alta participação de material morto em sua biomassa aérea (55,6%) devido a alta mortalidade de perfilhos (19 e 114 perfilhos basais e aéreos mortos/m2,respectivamente). Este genótipo apresentou ainda alta eficiência de pastejo (100% do acúmulo lâmina foliar verde, porém baixo acúmulo de lâmina foliar verde (155 kg de MS/ha/44 dias). Menores eficiências de pastejo foram observadas no Hexaplóide e Venezuela (59 e 36% do acúmulo de lâmina foliar verde, respectivamente), possivelmente devido às altas perdas sob pastejo (30 e 31% da massa de lâmina foliar total pré-pastejo, respectivamente). As alterações nas características estruturais e morfológicas dos genótipos de Pennisetum sp. sugerem que a lotação animal deverá ser ajustada a cada ciclo de pastejo visando a manutenção do stand forrageiro e a qualidade da dieta animal. Os genótipos IRI-381 e Elefante B apresentam potencial para serem utilizados sob lotação rotacionada no período seco do ano. Houve indicações que o híbrido interespecífico HV-241 foi mais afetado pelos efeitos do estresse hídrico noperíodo seco do ano.

The restructuring process with the increase of industries in Sergipe is labed by the complicity between the State and Capital. They are represented by subsidies and taxes exemptions willing to the capital so, it can increasingly explore in a flexible way the surplus workforce. The municipality of Simão Dias (SE) host the facility Dakota footwear industry in 2005 opened a door for thousands of workers. Many of peasant origin were hired with a minimum wage and precarious work. About this context, this reaserch aimed to reflect the capital relationship and labor in the process of appropriation of the workforce by industrialization, analyzing the changes in production relations from the spatial decentralization of industries in Sergipe, labor mobility and capitalist accumulation on flexible specificity of the footwear industry in the Simão Dias city. We discussed the spatial distribution of industries and capital, based on the understanding of the concepts: capital, labor, space and geographical mobility of labor. It has the analysis guided by the method of dialectical historical materialism, which leads to experience, to abstraction and the real concrete, observing all the processes studied and the everyday reality of industrial workers. its research figured out that the mobility of labor due to the shoe industry is intense, but also the process of exploitation of the workforce. Workers are kept into long shifts under extensive and strict control conditions of time and productivity. The industry's decentralization process in Sergipe is articulated to the general process of flexible accumulation, where capital moves in search of higher profits. If the speech this process has meant increasing the number of jobs actually reveals that this has accelerated and intensified the process of mobility of labor and capital in the geographic space. This mobility indicates that the capital intensifies its expropriation relations regardless of the results of its objectification, it is holding up the fallacious discourse of ensuring better living by wage. / O processo de reestruturação produtiva com o aumento de indústrias em Sergipe é marcado pela cumplicidade entre Estado e Capital, representada pelos subsídios e isenções fiscais dispostos ao capital para que este possa explorar de modo cada vez mais flexível o excedente da força de trabalho. O município de Simão Dias (SE) ao sediar a instalação da indústria de calçados Dakota no ano de 2005 abriu caminho para que milhares de trabalhadores, muitos de origem camponesa fossem contratados e sujeitados ao assalariamento, ao trabalho exaustivo e precarizado. Nesse contexto, esta dissertação teve o objetivo de refletir sobre a relação capital-trabalho no processo de apropriação da força de trabalho via a industrialização, analisando as alterações nas relações de produção a partir da descentralização espacial das indústrias em Sergipe, a mobilidade do trabalho e a acumulação flexível capitalista na especificidade da indústria calçadista no município de Simão Dias. Discutimos a espacialização das indústrias e do capital, a partir do entendimento dos conceitos: capital, trabalho, espaço geográfico e mobilidade do trabalho. Nossa análise está pautada no método do materialismo histórico dialético, que conduz à experiência, à abstração e ao real concreto, observando a totalidade dos processos estudados e a realidade cotidiana dos trabalhadores da indústria. Nossa pesquisa permitiu concluir que, a mobilidade do trabalho em função da indústria de calçados é intensa, como também o processo de exploração da força de trabalho. Os trabalhadores são submetidos a longos e exaustivos turnos de trabalho flexível sob condições rígidas de controle do tempo e de produtividade. O processo de descentralização da indústria em Sergipe é articulado ao processo geral de acumulação flexível, onde o capital se move em busca de maiores taxas de lucro. Se no discurso este processo tem significado o aumento do número de empregos, na realidade revela que este tem acelerado e intensificado o processo de mobilidade do trabalho e do capital no espaço geográfico. Esta mobilidade indica que o capital intensifica suas relações de expropriação sem se importar com os resultados de sua objetivação, sustentando-se no discurso falacioso da garantia de melhoria de vida pelo assalariamento.

Pachycoris torridus (Scopoli, 1772) (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) is the only representative of the Scutelleridae family of agricultural impact in Brazil. This bug is the main pest of Jatropha curcas (Linnaeus) (Euphorbiaceae), which produces raw material for the production of biodiesel. This study has as objective to evaluate bioecological and chemical aspects of P. torridus in herbivory of J. curcas. The experiments were performed using different methodologies, filed in literature, adapted to the particular insect pest, besides the development of new methodology that evaluated the attractiveness of J. curcas in different direction and distance. The research was developed in the Chemistry Laboratory of Natural Products of the Federal University of Alagoas (LPqRN/UFAL) and in Physiology Laboratory of the Agrarian Science Center (CECA/UFAL) and in the field (in the cities of Maceio and Rio Largo) during the period of May 2011 to January 2015. Younger seedlings were more susceptible to the attack even with smallest infestation, which the pest control must be done when there are signs of infestation in this stage. The sequence of behavioral categories which induced the sexual receptivity before intercourse was described in twelve steps. The intraspecific communication of P. torridus was brokered by emission of compound volatiles within a short distance, vibrational signals, sound and groping, driven by the male and recognized by the female. To make a difference between the patterns already known, the 30 new color patterns can be included in literature records, from number 28 to 57. Jatropha curcas releases kairomones long distances (200m) which isolatedly attracts P. torridus for hosting and herbivory. In the chemical evaluations, the compounds identified in the cuticle of P. torridus were: (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-4-(oxo)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-hexenyl acetate, (E)-2-octenal, undecane, dodecane, 1-tridecene, tridecane, (Z,Z)-2,7-Octadien-1-ol acetate, tetradecane and tetradecanal. Species adults P. torridus release content from metathoracic glands during courtship and copulation to attract the opposite sex, being able to empty their reservoir. That bug doesn’t secrete sexual pheromone and contents of their metathoracic glands submit double behavioral activity (alarm and attractiveness) at different concentrations. The rejection of the males to the females with new color patterns was caused by the presence of the chemical compound 1-Tridecene, as well as by increasing the concentration of the compound (E)-2-Octenal. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Pachycoris torridus (Scopoli, 1772) (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) é o único representante da família Scutelleridae de impacto agrícola no Brasil. Esse percevejo é a principal praga da Jatropha curcas (Linnaeus) (Euphorbiaceae), a qual produz matéria-prima para obtenção de biodiesel. O presente trabalho visa avaliar aspectos bioecológicos e químicos de P. torridus na herbivoria de J. curcas. Os experimentos foram realizados por meio de variadas metodologias, protocoladas na literatura, adaptadas as particularidades do inseto-praga, além do desenvolvimento de nova metodologia que avaliou a atratividade de J. curcas em diferentes direção e distância. As pesquisas foram desenvolvidas no Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (LPqRN/UFAL), no Laboratório de Fisiologia do Centro de Ciências Agrárias (CECA/UFAL) e no campo (em Maceió e Rio Largo), no período de maio de 2011 a janeiro de 2015. Mudas mais jovens foram mais suscetíveis ao ataque, mesmo com menor infestação, devendo ser feito o controle da praga quando ocorrerem sinais de infestação nessa fase. A sequência de categorias comportamentais que induziu a receptividade sexual antes da cópula foi descrita em doze etapas. A comunicação intraespecífica de P. torridus foi intermediada por emissão de compostos voláteis a curta distância, sinais vibratórios, sonoro e de tateamento, impulsionada pelo macho e reconhecida pela fêmea. Para diferenciar dos padrões já conhecidos, os 30 novos padrões cromáticos podem ser incluídos nos registros da literatura, a partir do no28 até 57. A espécie J. curcas emite cairomônios a longa distâncias (200m) que atraem isoladamente P. torridus para hospedagem e herbivoria. Nas avaliações químicas os compostos identificados na cutícula de P. torridus foram: (E)-2-Hexenal, (E)-4-(oxo)-2-Hexenal, Acetato de (E)-2-hexenila, (E)-2-Octenal, Undecano, Dodecano, 1-Trideceno, Tridecano, Acetato de (Z,Z)-2,7-octadien1-ol, Tetradecano e Tetradecanal. Adultos da espécie P. torridus liberam conteúdo das glândulas metatorácicas durante a corte e cópula, para atrair o sexo oposto, chegando a esvaziar seu reservatório. Esse percevejo não secreta feromônio sexual e o conteúdo de suas glândulas metatorácicas apresentam dupla atividade comportamental (alarme e atratividade) em concentrações diferentes. A rejeição dos machos as fêmeas com novos padrões cromáticos foi ocasionada pela presença do composto químico 1-Trideceno, bem como pelo aumento na concentração do composto (E)-2-Octenal.

Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar a realização da Copa do Mundo de Futebol de 2014 no Brasil, levando em consideração não apenas seus legados e impactos mais evidentes, mas principalmente compreendendo-a como parte substantiva da dinâmica mais geral do modo de produção capitalista em sua relação com as cidades-sede, os lugares. Como maiores eventos do planeta, as Copas apresentam-se como veículos passageiros e particulares do processo de totalização do capitalismo, sendo simultaneamente matrizes parciais do tempo e do espaço desse período histórico marcado pela crise econômica internacional. Nesse movimento, tendo os lugares como espaços finais de sua realização, esses megaeventos deixam marcas profundas; promovem a qualificação de uma determinada fração do tempo no qual ocorrem, determinados pelas necessidades do capital de se reproduzir lucrativamente, algo complexo nesse momento crítico. A totalidade, essa trama de eventos emaranhada entre as necessidades e possibilidades concretas dos lugares, ganha novos desenhos nas cidades a partir do contato com a agenda estabelecida pelo megaevento. Desde 2007, quando o Brasil foi escolhido como sede do Mundial e a crise econômica já aparecia no horizonte dos Estados Unidos e da Europa, as cidades brasileiras vivem a realidade desta agenda crítica pautada pela Federação Internacional de Futebol (FIFA). Tendo como pano de fundo as estratégias rígidas das corporações patrocinadoras e interessadas no evento, promove-se um verdadeiro estado de emergência para o atendimento das normas e padrões FIFA. Tomadas por uma avalanche de obras e negócios imobiliários desvinculados de planos estratégicos associados às necessidades mais sentidas da população, as cidades-sede tornam-se experimentos de novas formas de privatização e espoliação, sob o regime de leis de exceção e violações de direitos. Tal dinâmica imposta às cidades da Copa como um todo é manifesta de forma evidente na elaboração de uma nova centralidade na Região Metropolitana de Recife por meio da construção do grande empreendimento imobiliário Cidade da Copa, a partir do novo estádio construído para o evento. Trata-se pois, da eclosão no Brasil de uma crise fundamentalmente urbana que, se por um lado estrutura verdadeiras cidades de exceção, no outro vértice promove também a força criativa das resistências. Como demonstraram as manifestações urbanas multitudinárias de junho de 2013 e os protestos ininterruptos que se seguiram a elas, a revanche dos lugares à agenda da Copa pode estruturar também cidades rebeldes como legados. / This dissertation aims to examine the implementation of the World Cup 2014 in Brazil, taking into consideration not only its legacy and most obvious impacts, but mostly understanding it as a substantive part of the wider dynamics of the capitalist way of production in its relationship with the host cities, the places. As some of the biggest events on the planet, the World Cups are presented as individual and transitory vehicles of the aggregation process of capitalism, while being simultaneous matrices of time and space during this historical period marked by global economic crisis. In this movement, having spaces as the places of their full realization, these mega events leave deep marks; they promote the qualification of a certain fraction of the time in which they occur, determined by the needs of capital to play profitably, something complex during this critical moment. The totality, this \"web of events\" tangled between the concrete needs and possibilities of places, gains new designs in cities from contact with the agenda set by the mega event. Since 2007, when Brazil was chosen to host this event and the economic crisis had already appeared on the North American and European horizon, Brazilian cities are living the reality of a critical agenda guided by the International Football Federation (FIFA). In the background of the rigid strategies of the sponsors and corporations interested in the event, a true state of emergency is promoted to meet norms and \"FIFA standards\". Taken by an avalanche of construction sites and real state negotiations unrelated to strategic plans that take into account the needs of the population, the host cities become experiments in new forms of privatization and dispossession, under the regime of emergency laws and rights violations. Such dynamics - imposed on the World Cup cities as a whole - is clearly manifested in the drafting of a new central location in the metropolitan area of Recife through the construction of large real estate project called \"Cidade da Copa\", around the stadium built for the event. This is the outbreak in Brazil of a fundamentally urban crisis, where on the one hand \"cities of exception\" are structured, and in another vertex a creative power of resistance is also promoted. As demonstrated in the multitudinous urban protests of June 2013 and the uninterrupted protests that followed them, the requital that took places in host cities can also structure \"rebellious cities\" as legacies.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T18:54:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marli Alcantara Ferreira Moraes.pdf: 1974156 bytes, checksum: 2052ca12a69395f339d363fc4939409b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-27 / FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA E AO DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTIFICO E TECNOLÓGICO DO MARANHÃO / Appropriation and control of workers time at Companhia Vale do Rio Doce in Maranhão, in the context of capital transnationalization. Temporal changes for CVRD/MA workers are analyzed within the movement of great capital towards Latin America, stressing how in that region the relation between mineral and time has historically determined its periphery condition in the world capital system, effectively contributing to the great potencies development. Based on the fundaments of the temporal homogenization process, the specificities in the struggle between capital and labor for a control of time in different social spaces are apprehended, particularly within mineral exploration spaces, with a focus on the specificities of working time appropriation by capital in the present context of flexible accumulation, wherein great capital seeks new markets. Brazilian State action in the context of such great capital expansion towards Brazilian Eastern Amazon region is presented, a privileged space for mineral exploration, particularly concerning Maranhão, emphasizing the singular determinations in time transformations for workers under the influence of the Carajás Railroad. In conclusion, an analysis on the specificities of such transformations at CVRD in the productive restructuring process, in which were instituted working conditions and a workforce exploration above all marked by temporal acceleration, focusing on incidences of such a process for elderly workers, with more extended service time, particularly after privatization. / Apropriação e controle do tempo dos trabalhadores na Companhia Vale do Rio Doce, no Maranhão, no contexto de transnacionalização do capital. Analisam-se as transformações temporais para os trabalhadores da CVRD/MA no movimento do grande capital rumo à América Latina, evidenciando-se como, nessa região, a relação entre tempo e minério tem determinado, historicamente, a sua condição de periferia no sistema mundializado do capital, contribuindo efetivamente para o desenvolvimento das grandes potências. Apreende-se, com base nos fundamentos do processo de homogeneização temporal, as especificidades da luta entre capital e trabalho em torno do controle do tempo nos diferentes espaços sociais e, mais particularmente, nos espaços de exploração mineral, enfocando as especificidades da apropriação do tempo de trabalho pelo capital no atual regime de acumulação flexível, no qual o grande capital busca novos mercados. Mostra-se a ação do Estado brasileiro no contexto de expansão desse grande capital para a Amazônia Oriental brasileira, um espaço privilegiado para a exploração mineral, e, em particular, para o Maranhão, ressaltando-se as determinações singulares das transformações temporais para os trabalhadores sob a influência da Estrada de Ferro Carajás. Conclui-se com uma análise acerca das especificidades dessas transformações na CVRD no contexto de reestruturação produtiva, na qual se instituíram condições de trabalho e de exploração da força de trabalho marcadas, sobretudo, pela aceleração temporal, destacando-se as incidências desse processo para os trabalhadores com mais idade e com mais tempo de serviço na empresa, sobretudo a partir da sua privatização.

Bei der Zustandsbewertung von Kabeln steht derzeit das Mittelspannungsnetz im Fokus der Betrachtungen. Das Mittelspannungsnetz verbindet das Hochspannungsnetz mit dem Niederspannungsnetz und nimmt damit eine besondere Bedeutung ein. Störungen in diesem Netz wirken sich direkt als Versorgungsunterbrechung auf den Letztverbraucher aus. Rund 80 bis 85 % der Versorgungsunterbrechungen resultieren aus Problemen im Mittelspannungsnetz, sodass dortige Aktivitäten den größten Hebel bei der Steigerung der Versorgungsqualität entwickeln. Mittels Zustandsbewertung von Kabeln können verdeckte Fehler aufgedeckt oder deren Alterungszustand bestimmt werden. Nicht jeder diagnostizierte Fehler führt unmittelbar zum Ausfall. Er beschleunigt jedoch die Alterung, die letztendlich zum Ausfall führt. Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Identifizierung von Fehlern in Mittelspannungskabelmuffen im Zusammenhang mit der Alterung, um die Restlebensdauer auszunutzen und dem Ausfall zuvorzukommen. / By evaluating the status of cables, hidden errors can be detected or their aging condition can be determined. Not every diagnosed fault leads directly to failure. However, it accelerates aging, which ultimately leads to failure. The work deals with the identification of faults in medium-voltage cable joints in connection with aging in order to exploit the remaining life and to prevent the failure.

Rhodotorula glutinis (Rhodosporidium toruloides) est une levure oléagineuse dont les fortes capacités d’accumulation lipidique à partir de glucose comme source carbonée ont fait de la souche un modèle d’étude. La capacité de cette levure à utiliser le glycérol ou le xylose en simple ou co-substrat avec le glucose est toutefois encore peu explorée. De l’analyse des travaux antérieurs il a été possible de dégager les verrous scientifiques qui nécessitent une amélioration des connaissances du comportement physiologique de cette levure pour la conversion des substrats cités. Des stratégies expérimentales adaptées à la quantification rationnelle des dynamiques de Rhodotorula glutinis en conditions de croissance et accumulation lipidique à partir de xylose et de glycérol en simple ou co-substrats avec le glucose ont été développées. Des résultats originaux ont été obtenus dont :- la mise en évidence des potentialités de co-consommation des substrats xylose et glucose ou glycérol et glucose sans accumulation de substrat ni production de métabolites en conditions contrôlées des flux de substrats. Il a été possible de déterminer la vitesse spécifique maximale de consommation du carbone de la souche qui diminue lorsque la part de xylose ou glycérol augmente dans l’apport de carbone total.- la quantification de la dynamique de croissance sur xylose et glycérol pur en terme de taux de croissance et de rendement : sur xylose µmax= 0.034h-1 et RS/X= 0.28 Cmolx.Cmolxylose-1; sur glycérol µmax=0.04h-1 RS/X=0.31Cmolx.Cmolglycérol-1.- la quantification des vitesses spécifiques et rendements de production de lipides à partir de xylose ou de glycérol en simple ou co-substrat avec du glucose : 20%xylose-80%glucose : qp=0.065CmolTAG.Cmolbiomasse.h-1, RS/P=0.3CmoleTAG.Cmolesubstrat-1 100%xylose : qp=0.035065CmolTAG.Cmolbiomasse.h-1, RS/P=0.31CmoleTAG.Cmolesubstrat-1, 25% glycérol-75%glucose : qp=0.07065CmolTAG.Cmolbiomasse.h-1, RS/P=0.25CmoleTAG.Cmolesubstrat-1 , 100% glycérol : qp=0.03065CmolTAG.Cmolbiomasse.h-1, RS/P= 0.29CmoleTAG.Cmolesubstrat-1.- L’impact de la nature des substrats sur le profil lipidique de Rhodotorula glutinis demeure léger : il apparait que le xylose entraîne une surproduction de C16:0 et C18:3et le glycérol favorise l’accumulation de C18:0 / Rhodotorula glutinis (Rhodosporidium toruloides) is an oleaginous yeast. The micro-organism has demonstrated high lipid accumulation when utilizing glucose as a substrate, and has become a model for oil production. Glycerol and xylose are interesting as substrates for production of oil from renewable resources, but the capacity of R. glutinis to utilize glycerol and xylose as substrates has not been characterized well. Fermentation strategies were designed to quantify growth and lipid accumulation dynamics of R. glutinis when utilizing glycerol and xylose - either as pure substrates, or as co-substrates with glucose. Several original results have been found, including: - Co-consumption of xylose or glycerol along with glucose was observed, without carbon substrate accumulation or byproduct formation, when the carbon feed rate was carefully controlled. The specific carbon consumption rate decreases when the proportion of the second substrate (glycerol or xylose) increases in the feed, relative to glucose. - Growth capacities were characterized on pure xylose and pure glycerol in terms of growth rate and carbon yields: on xylose μmax= 0.034h-1 and RS/X= 0.28 Cmolx.Cmolxylose-1; on glycerol μmax=0.04h-1 RS/X=0.31Cmolx.Cmolglycerol-1. - specific production rate of lipid production and substrate to product carbon conversion yields from xylose or glycerol as single or cosubstrate with glucose were determinated: 20%xylose-80%glucose : qp=0.065CmolTAG.Cmolbiomasse.h-1, RS/P=0.3CmoleTAG.Cmolesubstrat-1 100%xylose : qp=0.035065CmolTAG.Cmolbiomasse.h-1, RS/P=0.31CmoleTAG.Cmolesubstrat-1, 25% glycerol-75%glucose : qp=0.07065CmolTAG.Cmolbiomasse.h-1, RS/P=0.25CmoleTAG.Cmolesubstrat-1 , 100% glycerol : qp=0.03065CmolTAG.Cmolbiomasse.h-1, RS/P= 0.29CmoleTAG.Cmolesubstrat-1. - Substrate diversification slightly impacts Rhodotorula glutinis´s lipid profile: xylose leads to an overproduction of C16:0 and C18:3 and glycerol increases C18:0 accumulation

Cette thèse présente la première étude Source-to-Sink de la marge Atlantique Equatoriale africaine au Méso-Cénozoïque. Nous avons dans un premier temps produit, à partir d'une nouvelle méthode intégrant les limites d'érosion des dépôts préservés dans les bassins et leur extension initiale minimum, une nouvelle reconstruction paléogéographique et structurale couplant pour la première fois le continent ouest africain et l'Atlantique Equatoriale au cours du Méso-Cénozoïque. Ceci nous permet de suivre l'évolution depuis 200 Ma des domaines en érosion (sources) et en sédimentation (puits) à l'échelle continentale. Nous montrons en particulier qu'au Crétacé supérieur la zone correspondait à un grand bassin intracratonique Saharien qui exportaient ses sédiments à la fois vers la Téthys et vers l'Atlantique Equatoriale. La fragmentation de ce bassin a eu lieu à l'Oligocène par le soulèvement du bouclier du Hoggar qui a isolé les petits dépôt-centres résiduels actuels. Le développement de cette topographie particulière est issu de la superposition de différentes longueurs d'onde de déformation à l'échelle continentale combinant les bourrelets marginaux longeant la marge équatoriale et un bombement de type " point chaud ".Nous avons ensuite caractérisé, à partir de l'interprétation des données sismiques et des puits, la segmentation de la marge continentale équatoriale en segments transformants et divergents et l'architecture stratigraphique post-rift du prisme stratigraphique associée au Crétacé Supérieur. Nous montrons que les parties proximales (dépôts de plateforme et pente continentale) des prismes stratigraphiques du Crétacé Supérieur ne sont préservés que le long des segments divergents de la marge, et pas le long des segments transformants. Nous interprétons cette différence de préservation comme résultant de mouvements verticaux post-rift plus importants dans les domaines proximaux des segments transformants empêchant la préservation des termes proximaux des systèmes sédimentaires. La caractérisation des architectures stratigraphiques post-rifts a ensuite permis la quantification des volumes sédimentaires préservés dans ces bassins de marges passives. En parallèle, de nouvelles données de thermochronologie basse-température (AFTA et (U-Th-Sm/He sur apatite) acquises à l'Université de Glasgow sur les échantillons de trois profils perpendiculaires à la marge équatoriale ont permis de quantifier l'histoire de l'érosion et les volumes dénudés sur le domaine continental au cours du Méso-Cénozoïque. Ces données montrent que le seul événement thermique majeur enregistré correspond au refroidissement lié à la dénudation d'une topographie syn-rift le long de la marge. Le bilan d'érosion et d'accumulation montre que les ordres de grandeur des volumes dénudés et accumulés sont comparables à l'échelle de la marge équatoriale au cours du Méso-Cénozoïque. Certaines périodes (Crétacé Supérieur et depuis le Miocène Supérieur), montrent cependant un excès d'accumulation qui pourrait être associé à la remobilisation de sédiments précédemment stockés dans des bassins intracontinentaux ou sur la plateforme de la marge. / This PhD thesis presents the first source-to-sink study of the African Atlantic Equatorial margin. We established new Meso-Cenozoic paleogeographic and structural reconstructions, integrating the West African sub-continent and the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean, based on a new mapping method defining both erosion limits of preserved deposits and their minimum original extension. We show the evolution over 200 Myrs of the eroding (sources) and accumulating domains (sinks) at continental scale. We demonstrate in particular that during the Cretaceous, a large Saharan intracratonic basin was exporting sediments toward both the Tethys and the future Atlantic Equatorial Ocean. The fragmentation of this basin occurred in the Oligocene, by the growth of the Hoggar swell that isolated the present-day small residual depot-centers. The development of this specific "basin and swell" topography results from the superimposition of various deformation wavelength at continental scale combining a marginal upwarp along the equatorial margin and a hot spot swell. We then characterized, from the interpretation of seismic data and well logs, the segmentation of the Equatorial Atlantic passive margin and the stratigraphic architecture of the post-rift Upper Cretaceous sedimentary wedge. We show that the proximal parts of the Late Cretaceous sedimentary wedge are only preserved along divergent segments of the margin and not along transform segments. We interpret this differential preservation as the result of a greater uplift, during the early post-rift, in the proximal parts of the transform segments preventing the preservation of the proximal terms of the sedimentary systems. The transform segments are associated with narrow necking zone, resulting in greater flexural uplift than divergent segments showing wider necking zones, in particular during the early post-rift. The characterization of the stratigraphic architecture of the post-rift sedimentary wedge then allowed for the quantification of accumulation history in the passive margin basins. New low-temperature thermochronological data (AFTA and Apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He) acquired at the University of Glasgow on the samples of three regional transects perpendicular to the margin allowed for the quantification of the denudation history and eroded volume on the continental domain. These data shows that the major thermal event recorded by those samples is the cooling phase related to the erosion of a rift-related topography along the margin. Erosion and accumulation budgets fall within the same order of magnitude. During some given periods (Late Cretaceous and since the Late Miocene), excess in accumulation may be associated with the reworking of sediments previously stored within intracontinental basins or on the shelf of the margin.

Le travail est axé sur l'accumulation d'éléments chimiques essentiels et non essentiels avec une attention particulière pour les parties des consommées, en lien avec la qualité sanitaire des produits alimentaires. Le travail de thèse est divisé en deux grandes parties. La première porte sur une expérimentation en plein champ où des plantes de blettes et de tomates ont été cultivées du stade plantules jusqu'à la maturité pendant 5 mois avec des pratiques agricoles conventionnelles ou biologiques. Les plantes ont été récoltées à 6 stades différents de croissance et nous avons déterminé la concentration des organes végétaux pour 27 éléments chimiques. L'objectif était d'étudier la répartition des éléments entre les organes en fonction de l'âge de la plante et des pratiques culturales.La seconde partie de la thèse a été consacrée à la compréhension et à la modélisation de la répartition du cadmium (Cd) chez le tournesol aux stades reproducteurs. Des plantes ont été cultivées du stade plantule jusqu'à la maturité, en solution nutritive avec une faible concentration en Cd cohérente avec les expositions aux champs. Durant la phase reproductive, cinq échantillonnages ont été effectués pour comprendre la répartition du Cd entre les organes ainsi que l'origine du Cd des graines (prélèvement racinaire versus remobilisation à partir d'autres organes). Au stade du bouton floral et pendant le remplissage des graines, le devenir du Cd récemment absorbé par les racines a été suivi et modélisé par traçage isotopique avec du 111Cd. Les rôles de la transpiration et de l'allométrie entre organes ont été plus particulièrement examinés. / This work is focuded on the accumulation of essential and non-essential elements, paying a special attention to the dible part of the plants, in terms of food safety and human health. The thesis work has been divided in two main parts. The first one is related to a field expeiment performed in open-air plots, where Swiss chards and tomato plants were grown from seedlings to maturity in a natural soil during five months, using organic or conventional agricultural practices. Plants were harvested at six different growth satges and the total concentrations of 27 elements were measured in all plants organs. The objective was to study the partitioning of elements between the plant organs, depending on the plant age on the cultivation practice. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the understanding and modelling of the partitioning of cadmium (Cd) in sunflowers at the reproductive stages. Sunflowers wre grown in nutrient solution at low Cd availability consistent with thaht found in the field, from germination toi maturity. During the reproductive period, five samplings were carried out to investigate the partitioning of the total Cd between plant organs and the origin of the Cd allocated to seeds (root uptake vs; remobilization from other plant organs). At the flower bud and grain filling stages, the partitioning of the Cd recently taken up between the different plant organs was followed and modelled by exposing several plants for the three days to a 111Cd enriched nutrient solution. The roles of the transpiration and of the plant allometry were specially investigated.

Bei der Zustandsbewertung von Kabeln steht derzeit das Mittelspannungsnetz im Fokus der Betrachtungen. Das Mittelspannungsnetz verbindet das Hochspannungsnetz mit dem Niederspannungsnetz und nimmt damit eine besondere Bedeutung ein. Störungen in diesem Netz wirken sich direkt als Versorgungsunterbrechung auf den Letztverbraucher aus. Rund 80 bis 85 % der Versorgungsunterbrechungen resultieren aus Problemen im Mittelspannungsnetz, sodass dortige Aktivitäten den größten Hebel bei der Steigerung der Versorgungsqualität entwickeln. Mittels Zustandsbewertung von Kabeln können verdeckte Fehler aufgedeckt oder deren Alterungszustand bestimmt werden. Nicht jeder diagnostizierte Fehler führt unmittelbar zum Ausfall. Er beschleunigt jedoch die Alterung, die letztendlich zum Ausfall führt. Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Identifizierung von Fehlern in Mittelspannungskabelmuffen im Zusammenhang mit der Alterung, um die Restlebensdauer auszunutzen und dem Ausfall zuvorzukommen. / By evaluating the status of cables, hidden errors can be detected or their aging condition can be determined. Not every diagnosed fault leads directly to failure. However, it accelerates aging, which ultimately leads to failure. The work deals with the identification of faults in medium-voltage cable joints in connection with aging in order to exploit the remaining life and to prevent the failure.