The desire to obtain value and justify investments from the different Information Systems in place in organizations has been around for a long time. Organizations constantly theorize and implement different approaches that provide some sort of alignment between their different business objectives and Information Systems. Unfortunately, the environments in which these organizations operate are often dynamic, constantly changing with influence from external and internal factors that require continual realignment of the Information Systems with business objectives to provide value. When businesses evolve, leading to changes in business requirements, it is hard to know what direct Information System changes are needed to respond to the new requirements. Similarly, when there are changes in the Information System, it is not often easy to discern which business objectives are directly affected. Whilst the different Enterprise Architecture frameworks available today provide and propose some form of alignment, in their implementation, they do not show links between business objectives and Information Systems, i.e., indicating what Information System is directly responsible for different business objectives thereby allowing for anticipation and support of changes as the business evolves. This thesis utilizes insights from Business Intelligence and uses the User Requirements Notation (URN), which enables modeling of business processes and goals, to provide a framework that exploits links between business objectives and Information Systems. This Business Intelligence - Enabled Adaptive Enterprise Architecture framework allows for anticipating and supporting proactively the adaptation of Enterprise Architecture as and when the business evolves. The thesis also identifies and models levels within the enterprise where responses to change as the business evolves are needed and the ways the changes are presented. The tool-supported framework is evaluated against the different levels and types of changes on a realistic Enterprise Architecture at a Government of Canada department, with encouraging results.

This thesis deals with the linkages between data models from conceptual models to physical design of information bases, used for implementation. The aim is to analyze the modern approach to design systems and specify how detailed the conceptual modeling and impact on the quality of the final form of application or system, including processes that take place in advance to the next level of design. Approximated the techniques the transition between these levels and will take into account structural features and limitations of selected platforms and requirements for their design and mutual coherence level view of the system. For the purpose of the thesis the well known data modeling methods are being analyzed together with their applicabilities.

This diploma thesis analyzes the processes and proposals for changes in the functioning of real business unit called AiP Safe Ltd. The company is based in Prague and the subject of her business is the supply of software solutions for document management. The theoretical part of this work summarizes concepts and approaches related to process management organization. The practical part is divided into an analysis of the current situation in the company and analysis processes themselves, their description, identification and models, the second part consists of proposals for changes in mentioned business unit that emerged from the analysis.

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (MMus (Musicology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Music / unrestricted

O presente trabalho investiga as diculdades enfrentadas por decientes visuais ao ingressarem em um curso de nvel superior em Música, onde a troca de informacão musical escrita é frequente e se dá por meio de partituras impressas em tinta, e a conversão deste material para braille demanda conhecimentos específicos e disponibilidade de recursos. Igualmente problemática, a produção musical do aluno cego é feita em braille, seja para tomar nota de aulas como para realizar tarefas de disciplinas como Contraponto, Harmonia e Análise Musical, ou mesmo para a realização de exames. Claramente, esse material deve passar por um processo de conversão para que o professor possa avaliar o aluno, entre outros motivos. O foco principal da pesquisa realizada é a analise da musicografia braille sob a ótica das possibilidades de se produzir transcrições automáticas entre partituras em braille e tinta, a fim de prover recursos tecnológicos direcionados a solução deste problema. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido um aplicativo capaz de receber informação musical em braille e converê-la para o formato MusicXML, adequado para a leitura a partir de outros aplicativos de notação musical e, consequentemente, a impressão deste material em tinta. Este programa esta sendo distribudo como software livre sob licenca LGPL, contrapondo-se as suas alternativas hoje existentes no mercado. O aplicativo desenvolvido foi utilizado e avaliado por usuarios decientes visuais e com visão normal por meio de um questionário. Os dados foram então analisados, buscando mapear as diferenças nas experiências de uso e verificar necessidades de melhorias e novas funcionalidades, buscando com isso o aprofundamento nas questões pertinentes ao problema e dando suporte a novas pesquisas relativas ao assunto. / This work researches visually-impaired person\'s dificulties when studying music as a university career, where musical information is usually forwarded as ink-printed sheet music and the translation of this material to braille involves specic skills and resource availability. In that sense, the musical production demanded from a blind student is accomplished by using braille notation, for taking notes or producing homework for disciplines like Harmony, Musical Analysis, or even to take tests. Clearly the information produced has to be submitted to a conversion process, and finally it can be reviewed by the professor or other students. The main focus of this research is the understanding of braille music aspects and the problem of generating automatic ink-printed sheet music transcriptions, providing assistive resource for music students. For attaining this goal, an application was developed in order to receive braille music input and translate it to MusicXML format, which can be read by any of the widely MusicXML compatible softwares available for reading, editing and printing music. The program is distributed as free software under LGPL license, as opposed to currently available alternatives. The resulting application was tested by visually-impaired and non-visually impaired users, and reviewed trough the application of a survey. The collected data was analyzed, in search for variations on user experience and checking for software improvement needs, as well as uncovering further relevant matters on this subject.

Cette thèse porte sur plusieurs questions relatives à l'économie de l'éducation et à l'économie des équipes. Dans le premier chapitre, basé sur une collaboration avec Laurent Rossignol, nous nous concentrons sur l'orientation scolaire. Nous mettons en évidence l'existence de biais d'orientation dans le système éducatif français : l'orientation des élèves ne dépend pas uniquement de leur performance académique mais aussi de leur sexe et de leur origine sociale. Notre contribution principale est de distinguer l'impact des aspirations des élèves de l'impact de la notation des professeurs et de leurs recommandations sur ces biais d'orientation. Le second chapitre, coécrit avec Antoine Chapsal, vise à comprendre certaines incitations et effets psychologiques associés au travail en équipe, à partir de données sur les championnats par équipe de squash. Nous montrons que les joueurs valorisent le fait de participer au succès de leur équipe, ce qui explique en partie pourquoi les incitations à l'effort sont plus fortes dans des contextes collectifs que dans des contextes individuels. Le troisième chapitre, issu d'un travail initial avec Rodrigo Lopez-Kolkovsky, a pour but de développer une procédure d'estimation pour mesurer la productivité individuelle en équipe, à partir de données sur le football européen. Nous confrontons ensuite cette mesure à la valeur de marché des joueurs et nous montrons que les joueurs Noirs sont discriminés sur le marché. / In this dissertation, I investigate several questions of interest in the fields of economics of education and economics of teams. In the first chapter, based on initial work with Laurent Rossignol, we focus on tracking in education. We provide evidence of tracking gaps in the French education system: tracking does not solely depend on academic performance but also on gender and socio-economic status. Our main contribution is to disentangle the impact of differences in students' aspirations from the impact of teachers' grading and track recommendations on these tracking gaps. The second chapter, joint with Antoine Chapsal, aims at understanding some of the incentives and psychological effects associated to teamwork, based on team squash data. We show that players value the fact of being responsible for the success of their team, which partly explains that team-based contests can yield higher effort than individual-based contests. The third chapter, built upon initial work with Rodrigo Lopez-Kolkovsky, aims at developing an estimation procedure to measure individual productivity in teams, based on European football data. We confront this measure to players' market value and provide evidence for racial discrimination on the football market.

Denne oppgaven utforsker forbedringspotensialet i musikknotasjonen til to samtidsmusikk komposisjoner. Oppgaven er vinklet gjennom en klassisk skolert cellist med erfaring innom samtidsmusikk. Cellisten observerer problemer som oppstår under innstuderingen og prøver å løse dem gjennom kunnskap fra design, notasjonspraktikk og perseptuell psykologi. Cellisten former en ny utgave av komposisjonene via dialog med komponistene. Til slutt drøfter cellisten hvilken forskjell endringene gjorde. / This thesis explores the possibilities of improvement in the musical notation of two pieces of contemporary music. The work is viewed through a classical trained cellist with experience in contemporary music. The cellist examines the problems encountered during rehearsal of the compositions and tries to find the root of the problems through principles of design, notation and perceptual psychology. A new version of the score is formed through dialogs between the cellist and the composers. The cellist discusses in the end whether the changes had an effect or not.

Limitations of graphical user interfaces, a program’s designed purpose, and other software development factors lead to perceived affordances and constraints in computer program functionality (Bell, 2015). Perceived affordances are functions the user knows exist, and constraints are limitations or restrictions to functionality (Norman, 2013). The perceived affordances and constraints of music creation programs may impact student compositions in many ways and have yet to be thoroughly investigated. The purpose of this study was to explore what effects students perceive music creation programs’ affordances and constraints have on their musical composing processes and final compositions. I interviewed, observed, and analyzed compositions from six students, ages 15-20, who had used music creation programs to compose. I used process and in vivo coding on these data to write descriptions of each student that highlighted their backgrounds, musical experiences, and how each student perceived the affordances and constraints in relation to their composing and compositions. I then used modified grounded theory analytical procedures to derive overarching themes from across all data. The students had difficulty describing how the affordances and constraints of the music creation software affected their composing and compositions. When students were able to describe program effects, these influences varied. The common effects were that the programs afforded the students testing for music ideas using the many available sounds and the students’ final compositions were a product of, or in spite of, those available sounds.

Tato práce se zabývá zasazováním zkušenosti do rámce, aktem zrození, opakování a škálou notací, a nakonec pojmem otevřená partitura (open score). Je zde sledováno několik cest, ve kterých se prezentované přístupy a záměry spájejí do základního konceptu zpracovávaní zkušenosti do partitury. Mezi různými styly a metodami ve vztahu k tomuto fenoménu jsou v práci prozkoumávány: hermeneutický přístup k interpretaci umění Hanse-Georga Gadamera v díle Pravda a metoda, estetická teorie Johna Deweyho v Art as Experience, vývoj notace a otevřené partitury, pravidla happeningu, slovní partitury (word score) a instrukce (event scores), forma manifestu a jeho role v umělecké praxi, návodné principy haiku, reperfomance jako odkaz k minulosti a sociální výzkum, rekonstrukce událostí jako sociálně angažované umění, umělecká praxe ve vztahu k legislativě, týkající se pozemkových práv a volného pohybu v krajině. Primárním cílem práce je odhalit proces redukce výchozí zkušenosti skrze uměleckou metodologii, ústící do konečné volně interpretovatelné práce, která má formu otevřené partitury.

This Ph.D. thesis describes proposed notation and method for working with parallel design patterns, which allowes proposing of automatic corrections to existing parallel source code with help of refactoring. In order to define the proposed notation, this work must cover areas of static code analysis, formal description of parallel design patterns and refactoring. Static code analysis is used to analyse the existing parallel source code for definition of places where you want to insert specified design pattern. Formal description of design pattern allows you to automatically apply the pattern to the existing source code. Finally, refactoring allows you to edit an existing source code without changing its functionality. The first part is devoted to the description of the current status in these three areas e.g. code analysis, design patterns and refactoring. The second part is devoted to a description of the methodology and experimental verification of its deployment.