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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
271

Inclusive resonance production in single-vee events in [pi]- nucleon interactions at 200 GeV

Mikocki, Stanislaw January 1985 (has links)
We present results from Fermilab MPS experiment E580 on the reactions π⁻N->V°X where V° is K°<sub>S</sub>, A or A̅ and X are charged particles. Transverse and longitudinal momentum distributions for the V° and for K*<sup>±</sup>(892), Σ<sup>±</sup>(1385), Ξ⁻(1321) and Ξ⁺(1321) are presented. A comparison is made with the prediction of QCD quark counting rules. Evidence for A⁺<sub>C</sub>; is presented. / Ph. D.
272

The role played by quasi-elastic and inelastic break-up of the 12C and 16O projectiles in the production of intermediate mass fragments at 14-35 MeV/u

Mira, Joele Paulus 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: See full text for the abstract / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sien volteks vir die opsomming
273

Development aspects of a high temperature heat pipe heat exchanger for high temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactor systems

Laubscher, Ryno 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: High temperature heat sources are becoming an ever-increasing imperative in the process industry for the production of plastics, ammonia and fertilisers, hydrogen, coal-toliquid fuel and process heat. Currently, high temperature reactor (HTR) technology is capable of producing helium temperatures in excess of 950°C; however, at these temperatures, tritium, which is a radioactive contaminant found in the helium coolant stream, is able to diffuse though the steel retaining wall of the helium-to-steam heat exchanger. To circumvent this radioactivity problem, regulations require an intermediate heat exchange loop between the helium and the process heat streams. In this paper, the use of a uniquely designed sodium-charged heat pipe heat exchanger is considered, and has the distinct advantage of having almost zero exergy loss as it eliminates the intermediate heat exchange circuit. In order to investigate this novel heat pipe heat exchanger concept, a special intermediate-temperature (± 240°C) experimental heat pipe heat exchanger (HPHE) was designed. This experimental HPHE uses Dowtherm A as working fluid and has two glass windows to enable visual observation of the boiling and condensation two-phase flow processes. A high temperature air-burner supply simulates the high temperature stream, and the cold stream is provided by water from a constant-heat supply tank. This experimental apparatus can be used to evaluate the validity of steady-state and start-up transient theoretical models that have been developed. This paper will highlight the special design aspects of this HPHE, the theoretical model and the solution algorithm described. Experimental results will be compared with the theoretically calculated results. The theoretical model will then be used to predict the performance of a high temperature (sodium working fluid at 850°C) HPHE will be undertaken and conclusions and recommendation made. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hoë temperatuur hitte bronne is besig om ‘n toenemende noodsaaklikheid te raak in die proses industrie vir die vervaardiging van plastieke, ammoniak, kunsmis, waterstof, steenkool-tot-vloeibare brandstof en proses hitte. Huidige hoë temperatuur reaktor tegnologie is in staat om helium te verhit tot temperature hoër as 950°C, maar by sulke hoë temperature is die vorming van tritium, wat ‘n radioaktiewe produk is, in die helium verkoeling stroom wat deur die reaktor vloei, ‘n probleem. Die tritium is in staat om deur die staal wand van ‘n enkel fase warmte uitruiler te diffundeer. Om hierdie radioaktiewe probleem te uitoorlê, stel huidige regulasies voor dat ‘n oorgangs hitte uitruil lus gebruik raak tussen die helium en proses strome van die reaktor stelsel. In hierdie tesis word ‘n unieke natrium gevulde hitte pyp warmte uitruiler nagevors, hierdie ontwerp het die voordeel dat dit geen “exergy” verlies het omdat dit nie ‘n oorgangs hitte uitruil lus benodig nie. Hierdie unieke konsep was nagevors deur ‘n spesiale oorgangs temperatuur (± 230°C) eksperimentiële hitte pyp warmte uitruiler te ontwerp. Hierdie eksperimentiële hitte pyp warmte uitruiler gebruik Dowtherm A as oordrags medium tussen die warm en koue strome en het twee glas venters waardeur die kook en kondensasie van die oorgangs medium dop gehou kan word. ‘n Hoë temperatuur verbrander simuleer die warm stroom deur die reaktor en die koue stroom word gesimuleer deur koue water. Die eksperimentiële opstelling sal gebruik word om die tyd afhangklike en tyd onafhangklike teoretiese wiskundige modele te valideer. Hierdie tesis sal die spesiale ontwerp aspekte van die hitte pyp warmte uitruiler, teoretiese modelle en oplos algoritme te bespreek. Eksperimentiele resultate sal met die teoretiese resultate vergelyk word en dan sal die teoretiese modelle gebruik word om ‘n natrium gevulde warmte uitruiler te simuleer. Gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings sal in die lig van die resultate verskaf word.
274

Determination of binary fission-fragment yields in the reaction 251Cf(nth, f) and Verification of nuclear reaction theory predictions of fission-fragment distributions in the reaction 238U(n, f)

Birgersson, Evert January 2007 (has links)
Neutron-induced fission has been studied at different excitation energies of the compound nucleus by measurements on the two fissioning systems, 252Cf* and 239U*. For the first time, the light fission fragment yields from the reaction 251Cf(nth, f) have been measured with high resolution. This experiment was performed with the recoil mass spectrometer LOHENGRIN at ILL in Grenoble, France. When the results from this work, where the compound nucleus is at thermal excitation, are compared to the spontaneous fission of 252Cf, enhanced emission yields as well as an increased mean kinetic energy is observed around A = 115. This suggests the existence of an additional super-deformed fission mode in 252Cf. The reaction 238U(n, f) was studied using the 2E-technique with a double Frisch grid ionization chamber. Fission fragment mass, energy and angular distributions were determined for incident neutron energies between 0.9 and 2.0 MeV. The experiments were performed at the Van de Graaff accelerator of IRMM in Geel, Belgium. This is the first measurement of the mass distribution for incident neutron energies around 0.9 MeV. The motivation for studying 238U(n, f) was to verify theoretical predictions of the mass distribution at the vibrational resonance in the fission cross section at 0.9 MeV. However, the predicted changes in fission fragment distributions could not be confirmed. A precise modelling of the fission process for the minor actinides becomes very important for future generation IV and accelerator driven nuclear reactors. Since fission fragment distributions depend on the excitation of the fissioning system, so does the number of delayed neutrons, which are one of the safety parameters in a reactor.
275

Fotoprodução de kaons e híperons em deutério / Photoproduction of kaons and hyperons in deuterium

Lima, Ana Cecilia de Souza 09 September 2002 (has links)
Com o objetivo de investigar a fotoprodução de kaons na região de energias intermediarias, foram realizadas medidas de seção de choque de fotoprodução de híperons utilizando o deutério como alvo, entre 0,50 e 2,95GeV. Para obtenção das medidas foi utilizado o acelerador de elétrons do TJNAF (Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility) localizado na Virginia, USA. Foram obtidas seções de choque de fotoprodução para as reações gama(p, K+)lambda, gama(p, K+)sigmaº, sigma(n, K+)lambda-. Observou-se a estrutura de interferência na proximidade do limiar de produção de \'lambdaº, previsto teoricamente. As seções de choque obtidas foram comparadas com o modelo teórico existente fornecendo informações fundamentais para uma elaboração teórica mais consistente. Foram ainda, observados lambda(1385) com grande resolução abrindo possibilidade de realizar um estudo muito interessante desta produção. / Kaon photoproduction on deuterium was investigated and the differential cross sections were determined using the data obtained in Hall B at TJNAF (Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility). Real photons were produced in the range covered from 0.50 to 2.95GeV. The cross section for kaon production reactions gama(p, K+ ) lambda, gama(p, K+ ) \'sigmaº, sigma(n, K+)lambda- were obtained. The interference structure near the production of lambdaº, predicted theoretically, was revealed. Theoretical model was compared to the cross section obtained and fundamental informations became available in order to improve the consistence of the model existent. At last, lambda(1385) were identified with good resolution conducting to interesting investigation in the future.
276

Estudo de sistemas de núcleos exóticos leves 6He, 7Be+9Be / Study of light exotic nuclei 6He,7Be+9Be systems.

Pires, Kelly Cristina Cezaretto 20 May 2011 (has links)
Neste trabalho é apresentado um estudo do espalhamento elástico e de reações nucleares dos sistemas exóticos leves 6He+9Be e 7Be+9Be. A colisão 6He+9Be foi medida nas energias de Elab = 16,2 MeV e 21,3 MeV utilizando o sistema RIBRAS (Radioactive Ion Beams in Brasil) do Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo. Foram medidas distribuições angulares do espalhamento elástico, inelástico e a distribuição de partículas alfa produzidas na colisão 6He+9Be. As distribuições angulares elásticas foram analisadas por cálculos de Modelo Óptico, Canais Acoplados (CC) e Canais Acoplados com Discretização do Contínuo (CDCC). A secção de choque total de reação foi obtida da análise do espalhamento elástico. As distribuições de partículas alfa medidas foram comparadas com os resultados dos cálculos de CDCC para a quebra do projétil 6He e de CC para a quebra do alvo de 9Be e a secção de choque integrada em ângulo foi obtida. Analisamos dados do espalhamento quasielástico 7Be+9Be em Elab = 23,7 MeV que foram obtidos no laboratório CRC de Louvain-la-Neuve, na Bélgica. A distribuição angular quasielástica foi analisada primeiramente utilizando o formalismo de Modelo Óptico, o que forneceu o potencial de interação para este sistema e um fator de normalização para os dados experimentais que não foi obtido no experimento. A contribuição da excitação inelástica do núcleo 7Be na secção de choque quasielástica e a influência dos estados do contínuo no canal elástico foram investigadas por meio de cálculos de Canais Acoplados e de CDCC, respectivamente. A secção de choque total de reação 7Be+9Be foi obtida e comparada com 6He+9Be e outros sistemas da literatura. / A study of the elastic scattering and nuclear reactions in light exotic systems 6He+9Be and 7Be+9Be is presented. The 6He+9Be collision was measured at the energies Elab = 16.2 MeV and 21.3 MeV, using the RIBRAS system (Radioactive Ion Beams in Brasil) of the Institute of Physics of the University of São Paulo. Angular distributions of the elastic and inelastic scattering and the alpha-particles production in the 6He+9Be collision were measured. The elastic scattering angular distributions were analyzed by Optical Model, Coupled Channels (CC) and Continuum- Discretization Coupled-Channels (CDCC) calculations. The total reaction cross section was obtained from the elastic scattering analysis. The alpha-particle angular distributions were compared with the results of the CDCC calculations for the breakup of the 6He projectile and CC for the breakup of the 9Be target and the angle-integrated cross section have been obtained. The data for the 7Be+9Be quasielastic scattering has been measured at Elab = 23.7 MeV at CRC Radioactive Beam Facility at Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. The quasielastic angular distribution was analyzed firstly using the optical model formalism, which provided the potential for the 7Be+9Be interaction and a normalization factor for the experimental data that was not obtained in the experiment. The contribution of the inelastic excitation of the 7Be nucleus to quasielastic cross sections and the influence of the states of the continuum in the elastic scattering were investigated by Coupled Channels and CDCC calculations. The total reaction cross section 7Be+9Be has been obtained and compared with the 6He+9Be system and other systems of the literature.
277

"Identificação de mecanismos em reações induzidas por núcleos fracamente ligados" / Identification of mechanisms in reactions induced by weakly bound nuclei

Souza, Francisco de Assis 22 September 2006 (has links)
Neste trabalho, a significativa importância dos processos de breakup, fusão incompleta e transferência para o sistema de massa intermediaria 'ANTPOT.6 Li' + 'ANTPOT.59 Co', envolvendo o núcleo estável e fracamente ligado 'ANTPOT.6 Li', é investigada em energias próximas à barreira Coulombiana. Foram realizadas medidas das distribuições angulares das partículas leves nas energias 'E IND.lab' = 18, 22, 26 e 30 MeV, espalhamento elástico nas energias 'E IND.lab' = 12, 18, 22, 26 e 30 MeV e medidas de fusão total (completa+incompleta), por meio do método de espectroscopia 'gama', nas energias 12 MeV < 'E IND.lab' < 26 MeV. As previsões para evaporação do núcleo composto por partículas leves foram baseadas no modelo estatístico, e uma descrição simultânea dos processos de espalhamento elástico, fusão e breakup foi obtida por meio de cálculos de canais acoplados com discretização do contínuo (CDCC). Com base nestes resultados, realizamos a separação das contribuições dos processos de breakup, fusão incompleta e transferência. Por meio de medidas de coincidência entre d e 'alfa', obtivemos as distribuições angulares para o breakup seqüencial do 6Li. Os processos de espalhamento elástico e fusão total do sistema 'ANTPOT.7 Li' + 'ANTPOT.59 Co', e suas descrições sob o formalismo de CDCC também foram estudadas / In the present work, the relative importance of breakup, incomplete fusion and transfer processes is investigated in the vicinity of the Coulomb barrier for the intermediate mass target 6Li + 59Co reaction involving the weakly bound 6Li. Measurements for light particle angular distributions were performed at energies Elab = 18, 22, 26 e 30 MeV,elastic scattering at energies Elab = 12, 18, 22, 26 e 30 MeV and total fusion (complete+incomplete), by the -ray spectroscopy method, at energies 12 MeV < Elab < 26 MeV. The compound nucleus decay by light particles was predicted using the statistical model, and a simultaneous description of scattering, fusion and breakup was obtained by means of continuum discretized coupled-channels calculations (Cdcc). Based on these results, the contribution of non-capture breakup, incomplete fusion and transfer were disentangled. The 6Li sequential breakup cross sections were obtained by means of ´alfa´-d coincidence measurements. The Cdcc descriptions of 7Li + 59Co elastic scattering and fusion processes were also subject of study.
278

Estudo da interação de núcleos de massa A=8 com alvo de carbono e da reação de captura 8Li(p,)9Be de interesse astrofísico / Study of the interaction of mass A=8 nuclei with carbon target and of the capture reaction 8Li(p,y)9Be of astrophysical interest

Barioni, Adriana 03 August 2009 (has links)
As distribuições angulares para os espalhamentos elásticos 12C(8Li,8Li) e l2C(\'BY8B) estudados neste trabalho foram medidas em dois laboratórios. A medida da distribuição angular para o espalhamento elástico 12C(8Li,8Li) foi realizada no Laboratório Pelletron da Universidade de São Paulo, em duas energias, a 20,6 MeV e 23,9 MeV. O feixe secundário de \'Li utilizado nesse laboratório foi produzido pelo sistema RIBRAS. A medida da distribuição angular para o espalhamento elástico 12C(8B,8B) foi realizada no laboratório de Estrutura Nuclear da Universidade de Notre Dame, nos Estados Unidos. O feixe secundário radioativo de 8B foi pelo sistema Twinsol com uma energia de 25,8 MeV. Os resultados para a seção de choque total de reação, obtidos a partir da análise do espalhamento elástico, foram incluídos em uma sistemática envolvendo outros núcleos estáveis e exóticos fracamente ligados e também núcleos fortemente ligados, espalhados elasticamente em alvo de 12C. OS dados obtidos da literatura foram reanalisados nos mesmos padrões utilizados na análise dos dados deste trabalho. As seções de choque de reação foram obtidas ajustando aos dados as seções calculadas utilizando o potencial de São Paulo. A análise permitiu concluir que não foi observado um aumento da seção de choque total de reação para os sistemas estudados, indicando que efeitos como breakup, não devem sèr importantes para esse sistema. Isso também pode ser comprovado pelos resultados de cálculos de ClICC (Coatinuum Discretized Coupled Channel) para as distribuições angulares de espalhamento elástico. A reação de transferência 12C(8Li,9Be)11B também foi medida neste trabaIho, simultaneamente ao espalhamento elástico 12C(8Li,8Li), a 23.9 MeV. A finalidade desse estudo era obter o fator espectroscópico para o sistema ligado (9Be|8Li + P) e assim calcular o fator-S astrofísico e também a taxa de reação para a reação de captura 8Li(p,y)9Begs. O fator espectroscópico encontrado nesse trabalho 1,22(28), foi obtido a partir de cálculos de DWBA (Distorted-Wave Born Approximation) com o programa Fresco e utilizado na normalização na seção de choque de captura 8Li(p,y)9Begs. O valor obtido para a profundidade do potencial de espalhamento 8Li+p foi de (40,1 +_ 1,6) MeV. A partir desses parâmetros foi possível calcular as curvas para o fator-S astrofísico e a taxa de reação de captura 8Li(p,y)9Be, cujo valor obtido para uma temperatura T9 = 1 foi de (ov) = 0,26+-0,07/0,06cm3mol-1s-1. / The measurements of the angular distributions for the elastic scatterings 12C(\'Li,\'Li) and 12C(8B,8B) reported in this work have been done in two laboratories. Those corresponding to the angular distributions for the elastic scattering 12C(8Li,8Li) were performed at two ene&ies, 20.6 MeV and 23.9 MeV, at the Pelletron Laboratory of the University of São Paulo. The *Li beam used in this laboratory had been produced in the RIBRASsystem. The measurements of angular distribution for the elastic scattering 12C(\'B,\'B) were performed at the Nuclear Structure Laboratory, at the University of Notre Dame, in the United States of America. The \'B beam was produced by the Twinsol system, at 25.8 MeV. The results obtained for total reaction cross section were included in a systematics\'together with other stable and exotic weakly bound nuclei and also with tightly bound ones, elastically scattered by 12C target. The data obtained from the literature were re-analised on the same framework of the data of this work. The reaction cross sections were obtained by fitting to the data, the cross secti\'ons calculated with the São Paulo potential. From the analysis one could conclude that no increase was observed in the total reaction cross section for the studied systems, indicating that effects, such as breakup, are not important for this system.
279

Centros paramagnéticos do NH4Br:Cu2+ / Paramagnetic centers of NH4Br:Cu2+

Mauro, Eduardo di 20 January 1993 (has links)
Com o objetivo de entendermos como as duas transições de fase, abaixo da temperatura ambiente, modificam o comportamento dos centros paramagnéticos formados em torno do Cu2+, estudamos o NH4BR:Cu2+ crescido em soluções cujo pH variou de zero a 8,26. Utilizando principalmente, a RPE nas bandas X e Q, realizamos um estudo térmico e angular desde 77 K à temperatura ambiente, com o qua1 verificamos que o NH4BR:Cu2+ forma três centros paramagnéticos distintos, de acordo com o pH das soluções, sendo um deles descrito pela primeira vez. Pelas simetrias apresentadas para cada uma das fases do cristal, pudemos propor modelos para estes centros compatíveis com as transições de fase. Mostramos que em virtude da forte covalência apresentada pelos centros, a interação superhiperfina supera a hiperfina. / In order to understand how the two phase transitions, below the room temperature, change the behavior of the paramagnetic centres formed around the Cu2+, we have been studying the NH4Br:Cu2+, grown in solutions with pH varying from zero to 8.26. Using mainly EPR at X and Q bands, we performed a thermal and angular study from 77 K to room temperature. We verified that the NH4Br:Cu2+ forms three distinct paramagnetic centres depending on the pH of the solution, one of them we described for the first time. According to the symmetries of each phase, satisfactory models have been proposed for these centres. As a result of the strong covalency exhibited by Cu2+ and its neighbourhood, we have shown that the superhyperfine interaction is greater than the hyperfine one.
280

"Estudo do Espalhamento Elástico Entre Núcleos Pesados Leves Estáveis e Radioativos" / "Study of the Elastic Scattering Between Nuclei Light Heavy Radioactive Stable"

Benjamim, Elisangela Aparecida 27 January 2006 (has links)
Foram realizadas medidas das distribuições angulares de espalhamento elástico para os sistemas 12C+28Si e 6He+27Al, em energias próximas da barreira Coulombiana. Para o sistema 12C+28Si as energias de trabalho estão no intervalo Ec.m. = 12.4 - 25.2MeV e para o 6He+27Al foram medidas três energias, Ec.m. = 9.54, 11 e 12MeV. As análises foram realizadas dentro do contexto do Modelo Óptico, onde tanto a parte real quanto a imaginária foram descritas por um Modelo de Interação Não-local, chamado de Potencial de São Paulo. Para as energias acima de Ec.m. = 16.1MeV, para o sistema 12C+28Si, as distribuições angulares são fortemente oscilantes e foram ajustadas introduzindo-se polos de Regge na expressão da matriz-S. As distribuições angulares foram reproduzidas com polos de: l=8, entre 16.1 e 19.6MeV; l=10, entre 16.8 e 22.4MeV; e l=13, entre 20.3 e 23.8MeV; sendo que para algumas energias houve a necessidade da introdução de dois polos. Interpretamos a presença dos polos de Regge, numa região de energia, como estados quasimoleculares com spin J=l, no sistema composto 40Ca. Desta forma, foi previsto a existência de estados com estrutura de cluster 12C+28Si, com J=8+, 10+ e 13-, nas energias 32.4, 33.4 e 35.2MeV no 40Ca. Estes estados concordam bem com previsões teóricas para a banda hiperdeformada no 40Ca. Os resultados para o 6He+27Al foram comparados com os sistemas: 6,7Li, 9Be e 16O, sobre alvo de 27Al, e foi observado que a seção de choque de reação é maior para os sistemas fracamente ligados, particularmente para o núcleo halo 6He, o que nos mostra a evidência da importância da quebra nuclear para estes sistemas leves. / The angular distributions of the elastic scattering for the 12C+28Si and 6He+27Al systems have been measured, in energies close to the Coulomb barrier. For the 12C+28Si system the data were obtained at energies Ec.m. = 12.4 - 25.2MeV and to 6He+27Al system were measured four energies Elab = 9.5, 11, 12 and 13.4MeV. The analysis of the angular distributions was performed using an Optical Potential, where the real and imaginary parts of the potential are described through the Non-local Interaction Model called São Paulo Potential. At energies above Ec.m. = 16.1MeV the strongly oscillatory angular distributions of the 12C+28Si system were fitted introducing Regge poles in the S-matrix. The angular distributions had been reproduced with poles for: l=8, between 16.1 and 19.6MeV; l=10, between 16.8 and 22.4MeV and l=13, between 20.3 and 23.8MeV. For some energies two poles had been introduced in the S-matrix. We interpreted the presence of the Regge poles, in an energy region, as quasimolecular states with spin J=l, in the compound system 40Ca. We determined the existence of states with structure of cluster 12C+28Si, with J=8+, 10+ and 13-, at energies 32.4, 33.4 and 35.2MeV in 40Ca. These states are in good agreement with theoretical calculations for the hyperdeformed band in 40Ca. The results for the 6He+27Al system were compared with the 6,7Li, 9Be and 16O projectiles on 27Al target. The largest reaction cross section for the weakly bound systems, particularly for the halo 6He, shows evidence of the importance of the nuclear break-up for these light systems.

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