Orientador: Luiz Otávio Saraiva Ferreira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T05:25:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gasparoto_HenriqueFagundes_M.pdf: 20120157 bytes, checksum: 1a0b108d3b6380d0ca446e17b2bc749b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Motivado pelo projeto de dispositivos magnetomecânicos, este trabalho consiste na modelagem e simulação macroscópicas de corpos constituídos de materiais magnéticos, em frequência nula, representados por arranjos de dipolos magnéticos elementares em interação mútua, baseando se no método das fontes equivalentes (ESM, Equivalent Source Methods). O objetivo de modelagem e simulação se divide basicamente: na determinação do campo magnético - inclusive com o traçado das linhas de indução magnética; na determinação da força magnética e na obtenção do torque magnético sobre os corpos. A solução da força magnética e do torque magnético garante o elo de interação do magnetismo com a mecânica, permitindo assim o estudo de dispositivos magnetomecânicos tais como acoplamentos e mancais magnéticos passivos. Os corpos contemplados no estudo são do tipo ímã permanente ferromagnético mole paramagnético ou diamagnético. Um simulador denominado DipMag foi implementado em MATLAB®. Casos de sistemas magnetostáticos foram reproduzidos para a validação do simulador. Foram considerados sistemas com modelos algébricos, um sistema com modelo fenomenológico, e sistemas com modelos numéricos, inclusive com o uso do software FEMM. Constam casos como a determinação da força e torque magnético entre ímãs paralelepipedais, atração entre ímã e corpos ferromagnético mole e paramagnéticos, e a repulsão entre ímã e corpo diamagnético. Em especial, na modelagem e simulação para comparação com o caso experimental, onde um ímã paralelepipedal foi utilizado, obteve-se a polarização magnética equivalente com o uso de um medidor de campo magnético (Gaussmeter ou Teslameter) juntamente com formulação analítica (modelo de Coulomb). Diante das comparações o simulador DipMag foi bem sucedido na determinação do campo magnético externamente aos corpos, na obtenção da força magnética e do torque magnético sobre os corpos. Tendo em vista a forma adotada de representação magnética dos corpos, com a discretização em dipolos magnéticos dispostos em esferas, espera-se que o simulador DipMag possa evoluir da simulação estática para a simulação dinâmica, inclusive com acoplamento a métodos de partículas (por exemplo o DEM, Discrete Element Method). Contudo, espera-se ainda que, no futuro, o desempenho do DipMag seja melhorado com o uso do FMM (Fast Multipole Method) e com o processamento paralelo em GPU's / Abstract: Aiming magnetomechanical devices projects, this master thesis approaches the modeling and macroscopic simulation of bodies composed by basic magnetic materials at null frequency, represented by arrays of elementary magnetic dipoles in mutual interaction, based on the equivalent sources method (ESM). The objectives are: determination of the magnetic field - including mapping of magnetic induction lines, and computation of force and magnetic torque on bodies. The solution of force and magnetic torque ensures the interaction bond between magnetism and mechanics, allowing the study of magnetomechanical devices such as passive magnetic bearings and couplings. The kinds of materials included in this study are: permanent magnets, soft ferromagnetic, paramagnetic or diamagnetic. A simulator called DipMag was implemented in MATLAB®. Cases of magnetostatic systems were reproduced to validate the simulator. Were considered: systems with algebraic models, phenomenological models and numerical models, including the use of the FEMM simulator. Were studied the determination of force and magnetic torque between parallelepipedal magnets, the attraction between a magnet and a soft ferromagnetic and a paramagnetic bodies, and repulsion between a magnet and a diamagnetic body. When in modeling and simulating for comparing our method to the experimental case where a parallelepipedal magnet was used, its equivalent magnetic polarization was calculated from measumerents using a magnetic field meter (Teslameter or Gaussmeter) together with analytical formulation (Coulombian model). Our DipMag simulator was successful on determining magnetic field outside the bodies, obtaining the magnetic force and torque on the magnetic bodies. The method used for representing the magnetic bodies by magnetic dipoles in spheres, opens a pathway for DipMag simulator evolution, from static simulation to dynamic simulation, including the coupling with particle methods like DEM (Discrete Element Method). And it is expected that the DipMag simulator performance can be improved by using FMM (Fast Multipole Method) with parallel processing on GPU's (Graphics Processing Unit) / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

In this paper numerical flow calculations with respect to the annular gaps with added radial grooves normaly used on the spools of directional control valves were carried out. The impact of various annular gap geometries and radial grooves during variable pressure conditions, and while using different hydraulic fluids, on the flows through annular gaps were investigated for different flow regimes. Samples with different geometries and numbers of radial groves on the spool of the directional control valve were also made for the purpose of carrying out flow measurements. The two different hydraulic fluids that were used in the numerical simulations and for the flow measurements were a hydraulic mineral oil and tap water. The results of the numerical calculations for the different models of the radial grooves with axially symmetric geometries show their impact on the internal leakage with respect to three different regimes of flow. The results of the numerical calculations based on the use of a hydraulic oil show a trend that was established by the experimental investigation.

"Laser micromachining is essential in today’s advanced manufacturing, of e.g., printed circuit boards and electronic components, especially laser microdrilling. Continued demands for miniaturization, in particular of high-performance MEMS components, have generated a need for smaller holes and microvias as well as smaller and more controllable spot-welds than ever before. All these neeeds require smaller taper of the microholes and more stable and controlled laser micromachining process than currently available. Therefore considerable attention must be focused on the laser process parameters that control critical specifications such as accuracy of the hole size as well as its shape and taper angle, all of which highly influence quality of the laser micromachining processes. Determination of process parameters in laser micromachining, however, is expensive because it is done mostly by trial and error. This Dissertation attempts to reduce the experimental time and cost associated with establishing the process parameters in laser micromachining by employing analytical, computational, and experimental solutions (ACES) methodology."

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Existem máquinas que necessitam de uma grande velocidade de processamento para seu correto trabalho, essas máquinas possuem um tempo de processamento de resposta crítico. Quando considera-se este aspecto somado à necessidade de um controle do comportamento estático e dinâmico de um sistema chega-se ao controlador com fortes demandas de tempo de execução. Essa dissertação compara controladores discretos implementados em ponto fixo, com diferentes precisões, usando para tanto a simulação do comportamento de controladores confeccionados em linguagem de comandos Matlab e em linguagem VHDL 2008. Esta última está em desenvolvimento e padronização pelo IEEE. A linguagem VHDL é usada nas FPGAs que são dispositivos de alta velocidade e capacidade de processamento paralelo. O principal objetivo do trabalho é o estudo e a implementação de controladores discretos em FPGA com o auxílio da linguagem VHDL 2008, determinando suas virtudes e limitações, em particular quanto à estrutura de programação, análise de erro e a demanda por recursos. Os resultados alcançados demonstram que algumas melhorias ainda precisam ser feitas para que o VHDL 4.0, conhecido como VHDL 2008, seja entregue ao mercado como padrão estável. Entretanto, quando conhecidas suas limitações, já é possível seu uso em implementações com conversão de sinais discretos para analógicos, como é o caso de controle e simulação de sistemas dinâmicos como servomecanismos. / There are machines that need large processing speed for its correct working, these machines have a critical time response processing. When it is considered that aspect coupled with the need for control of static and dynamic behavior of a system arrives at the controller with strong demands on runtime. This dissertation compares discrete controllers implemented in fixed point with different accuracies, using for both the simulation of the behavior of controllers manufactured in Matlab command language and VHDL 2008. VHDL 2008 still in development and standardization by the IEEE. The VHDL language is used in FPGAs that are high speed devices with parallel processing capability. The main objective of this work is the study and implementation of discrete controllers in FPGA with the help of the VHDL 2008 language, determining its strengths and limitations, particularly in regard to the structure of programming, error analysis and demand for resources. Results show that accuracy still need some improvements a standard to the VHDL 4.0, known as VHDL 2008, is delivered to the market a stable standard. However, knowing it limitations, it is possible implementations and use in conversion of analog signals to discrete, such as control and dynamic systems simulation like servomechanisms.

The Standard Model of Elementary Particle Physics (SM) is the present theoryfor the elementary particles and their interactions and is a well-established theorywithin the physics community. The SM is a combination of Quantum Chromodynamics(QCD) and the Glashow{Weinberg{Salam (GWS) electroweak model. QCDis a theory for the strong force, whereas the GWS electroweak model is a theoryfor the weak and electromagnetic forces. This means that the SM describes allfundamental forces in Nature, except for the gravitational force. However, the SMis not a nal theory and some of its problems will be discussed in this thesis.In the rst part of this thesis, several properties of baryons are studied suchas spin structure, spin polarizations, magnetic moments, weak form factors, andnucleon quark sea isospin asymmetries, using the chiral quark model (QM). TheQM is an eective chiral eld theory developed to describe low energy phenomena of baryons, since perturbative QCD is not applicable at low energies. The resultsof the QM are in good agreement with experimental data.The second part of the thesis is devoted to the concept of quantum mechanicalneutrino oscillations. Neutrino oscillations can, however, not occur within the GWSelectroweak model. Thus, this model has to be extended in some way. All studiesincluding neutrino oscillation are done within three avor neutrino oscillationmodels. Both vacuum and matter neutrino oscillations are considered. Especially,global ts to all data of candidates for neutrino oscillations are presented and alsoan analytical formalism for matter enhanced three avor neutrino oscillations usingtime evolution operators is derived. Furthermore, investigations of matter eectswhen neutrinos traverse the Earth are included.The thesis begins with an introductory review of the QM and neutrino oscillationsand ends with the research results, which are given in the nine accompanyingscientic articles. / QC 20100616

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Neste trabalho é apresentado um novo procedimento numérico para o upscaling de permeabilidade utilizando condições de contorno periódicas. Este procedimento combina decomposição de domínio com elementos finitos mistos na discretização do problema local de pressão-velocidade necessário para se encontrar as permeabilidades equivalentes. / A new numerical method is proposed for the permeabilities upscaling take into consideration periodic boundary conditions. This method combines domain decomposition with mixed finite elements in discretization of the local problem of pressure-velocity necessary to meet the equivalent permeabilities.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Neste trabalho é apresentado um novo procedimento numérico para o upscaling de permeabilidade utilizando condições de contorno periódicas. Este procedimento combina decomposição de domínio com elementos finitos mistos na discretização do problema local de pressão-velocidade necessário para se encontrar as permeabilidades equivalentes. / A new numerical method is proposed for the permeabilities upscaling take into consideration periodic boundary conditions. This method combines domain decomposition with mixed finite elements in discretization of the local problem of pressure-velocity necessary to meet the equivalent permeabilities.

The main aim of the thesis was focused on hygrothermal simulation of critical details of two prefabricated wooden buildings - especially connections of the perimeter wall to monolithic foundations, respectively with waterproofing layer. The composition of the external walls of these selected buildings has quite different compositions and thus different potentials of drying integrated moisture from the components. Practical measurement of moisture weight-content was applied to the wooden bottom plate, which is in direct contact with the concrete slab structures. The influence of different design solutions on hygrothermal characteristics of the wooden plate was examined with regards to the risk of mould growth, analysis of mass loss due to the decay fungi and with the aim to estimate the durability of the studied details of prefabricated wooden houses. The subsequent research focused on the differences in physical and mechanical properties of natural spruce wood (Untreated, (-), A) and impregnated spruce (Treated, (+), B) using supercritical CO2 and its possible impact on wood protection for mould growth. Samples of identical Untreated and Treated spruce were collected in the laboratory and subjected to thermal and hygrothermal experiments. The comparison of the resulting values of the individual experiments is presented. Required values needed for numerical calculations were obtained from these experiments. In conclusion, the summary of founded comparison is presented. The mould growth analysis and its influence on the durability of wooden structures offer a view of the behaviour of the structures. Relevant findings and recommendations for the future praxis are mentioned.

This study investigated the effective use of online Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) with immediate formative feedback, and the granting of partial credit for correct second or third chance answers when assessing and assisting students’ conceptual learning at higher cognitive levels. The research sample comprised first year engineering science students at the Tshwane University of Technology (TUT), Pretoria campus. The differences between using online MCQ-assessment for problem-solving calculations and using constructed written questions (CRQs)1 in the assessment of problem-solving calculations were explored. Furthermore, the differences between the assessment of problem-solving calculations using online MCQs without immediate formative feedback, and with immediate formative feedback and the granting of partial credit were analysed. The findings revealed that students’ marks were lower when answering problem-solving calculations using online MCQs without immediate formative feedback than when answering the same questions using CRQs. This clearly indicates that using online MCQs without immediate formative feedback is not effective in assessing scientific problem-solving calculations. Alternatively, online MCQs proved effective in assessing problem-solving calculations when immediate formative feedback and partial credit were employed. The statistical analysis showed that students performed significantly better when immediate formative feedback was given and partial credit was granted for correct second or third attempts. This was due to online MCQs utilising immediate formative feedback, which made it possible to grant partial credit when students chose the correct answers after feedback. This showed that online MCQs with immediate formative feedback and partial credit being granted can be an effective assessment tool for scientific problem-solving calculations. It increases performance and supports learning from assessment. Students can thus correct their calculations whilst in the process of doing them. / Science and Technology Education / M. Ed. (Science Education)