El objetivo de la presente investigación fue describir los atributos conceptuales de la muerte desde la óptica de la enfermera como cuidadora del paciente oncológico en fase terminal Chiclayo, 2023. El método propuesto para el estudio fue cualitativo-descriptivo. La Población lo conformó 20 enfermeros de la Red Lambayeque. La selección de los participantes se realizó por conveniencia, con muestra no probabilística, determinada por saturación y redundancia de los discursos. La técnica de recojo de información fue la entrevista semiestructurada con preguntas abiertas a profundidad, validada por juicio de expertos y registrada en un grabador de voz. El procesamiento de los datos se realizó mediante la Teoría fundamentada. Se garantizó la calidad científica y rigor ético de la investigación. Resultados: Se obtuvo tres Categorías: Categoría I: El sentir ante la muerte, subcategorías: límite natural, frustración ante las pérdidas, afectividad perturbada, rechazo a la muerte y descanso a sus sufrimientos. Categoría II: Espiritualidad y cuidado, subcategorías: La Espiritualidad en Enfermería: Separación de la Dualidad Cuerpo-Alma, Resignación ante la Voluntad Divina, Esperanza de una Vida Mejor. Coexistir con la Muerte mediante el Cuidado: Identificación y Acompañamiento, Cuidado Humanizado como un Arte de Cuidar y Descanso a sus Sufrimientos. Categoría III: Resiliencia de la enfermera, subcategorías: Evolución del significado de la muerte, valorar la vida y preparado para morir. La muerte es un hecho trascendental y único, es así como para el personal de enfermería que cuida del paciente oncológico tiene una conceptualización singular resultado de sus experiencias previas, saber y costumbres. / The objective of this research was to describe the conceptual attributes of death from the perspective of the nurse as caregiver of the terminally ill cancer patient Chiclayo, 2023. The method proposed for the study was qualitative-descriptive. The population was made up of 20 nurses from the Lambayeque Network. The selection of participants was made for convenience, with a non-probabilistic sample, determined by saturation and redundancy of the discourses. The information-gathering technique was a semi-structured interview with in-depth open questions, validated by expert judgement and recorded on a voice recorder. Data processing was carried out using Grounded Theory. The scientific quality and ethical rigor of the research were guaranteed. Results: Three categories were obtained: Category I: Feeling in the face of death, subcategories: natural limit, frustration in the face of losses, disturbed affectivity, rejection of death and rest from their sufferings. Category II: Spirituality and Care, subcategories: Spirituality in Nursing: Separation of Body-Soul Duality, Resignation to the Divine Will, Hope for a Better Life. Coexisting with Death through Care: Identification and Accompaniment, Humanized Care as an Art of Caring and Resting from their Sufferings. Category III: Nurse resilience, subcategories: Evolution of the meaning of death, valuing life and preparing to die. Death is a transcendental and unique event, which is how for the nursing staff who take care of the cancer patient it has a unique conceptualization resulting from their previous experiences, knowledge and customs.

No / Two routine consultations in primary care diabetes clinics are compared using extracts from video recordings of interactions between nurses and patients. The consultations were chosen to present different styles of interaction, in which the nurse's gaze was either primarily toward the computer screen or directed more toward the patient. Using conversation analysis, the ways in which nurses shift both gaze and body orientation between the computer screen and patient to influence the style, pace, content, and structure of the consultation were investigated. By examining the effects of different levels of engagement between the electronic medical record and the embodied patient in the consultation room, we argue for the need to consider the contingent nature of the interface of technology and the person in the consultation. Policy initiatives designed to deliver what is considered best-evidenced practice are modified in the micro context of the interactions of the consultation.

This dissertation reports on the lived experiences of four child psychiatric nurses. The territory of child psychiatric nursing is explored in this investigation through the punctuation of many voices within this field of study. The methodology of the investigation is descriptive phenomenology and Colaizzis’ steps in descriptive phenomenology (map) are used to discover and describe the different template theories (the territory) that are unique to each of the four child psychiatric nurses who were interviewed. Following this, a story is punctuated, which is referred to as the structural synthesis. It is the heartbeat of the investigation. The dissertation concludes by reflecting on the paradox of how the invisibility of the child psychiatric nurses allowed for the visibility of the dissertation and encourages the reader to ask pivotal questions about the important role of the child psychiatric nurse, working as part of a multidisciplinary team, in order to improve patient care. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical psychology)

Transcultural nursing refers to the provision of nursing care to patients whose values, beliefs and life-style differ from those of the nurse. To enable nurses to honour their ethical obligation to provide quality care, they must have the necessary knowledge to nurse patients across cultural boundaries. This study was conducted to determine the nurse's knowledge of and attitudes towards the culturally different patient. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. Although nurses see it as a challenge to nurse patients from different cultures, it was found that they do not have the necessary knowledge to provide culture-sensitive care. Other factors, such as the nurse's attitude towards culturally different patients, communication problems, mistrust, prejudice and a lack of understanding of cultural uses and traditions, contribute to the lack of culture-sensitive care. The nursing profession should pay attention to these problems. / Health Studies / Van Tonder, Sally / M.A. (Nursing)

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Syfte: Att belysa sjuksköterskors upplevelser av kommunikation vid amningsstöd till icke svensktalande mödrar. Bakgrund: Amningsstöd är en viktig faktor för att långvarig amning av spädbarn ska fungera. Fungerande kommunikation krävs för att nå ett lyckat resultat av amningsstödet. Den ökade populationen av immigranter i Sverige utmanar hälso- och sjukvården att säkerställa en fungerande kommunikation för god vård. Design: En kvalitativ enkätstudie har genomförts med en deskriptiv design med kvalitativ ansats. Metod: Under februari 2017 deltog 15 sjuksköterskor från fem barnavårdscentraler (BVC) i norra Sverige i studien genom att besvara kvalitativa enkäter med öppna frågor. Den insamlade datan analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Sjuksköterskornas upplevelser av att kommunicera amningsstöd vid språkbarriär samlades i två domäner: 'Sjuksköterskors upplevda kommunikativa möjligheter vid amningsstöd till icke svensktalande mödrar' och 'Sjuksköterskors upplevda kommunikativa begränsningar vid amningsstöd till icke svensktalande mödrar'. I den första domänen redovisades upplevelser av språkets samt kommunikationens betydelse, vilka tillgångar och verktyg sjuksköterskan har för att underlätta kommunikationen och vad som anses viktigt att beakta vid kommunikation om amningsstöd. I den andra domänen lyftes upplevelser av vilka hinder som fanns för god kommunikation vid språkbarriärer, vilken negativ påverkan brist på styrkor och resurser upplevdes ha samt vilka negativa följder moderns anhöriga upplevdes kunna ha på kommunikationen. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskornas upplevelser av vilka möjligheter och begränsningar det finns för fungerande kommunikation vid amningsstöd tydliggör befintliga resurser och förbättringsområden.

Introdução: Calor humano (calidez em espanhol) é um atributo de grande importância na saúde, mas pouco estudado. Não existe um conceito universalmente aceito sobre calor humano, quais os fatores que o compõem ou como medi-lo. Os objetivos do estudo foram identificar os comportamentos e fatores de calor humano, construir definição desse construto e uma escala para medí-lo. Método: Estudo metodológica para construir e validar uma escala. Foi desenvolvido em três fases, de acordo com o proposto por Pasquali. Na fase de procedimentos teóricos foram identificados na literatura e por meio de entrevistas a 23 pacientes e 25 enfermeiras, comportamentos representativos de calor humano em enfermagem. Na fase empírica, esses comportamentos foram testados junto a pacientes internados. A fase analítica foi a identificação de fatores e das propriedades psicométricas. Resultados: A escala foi testada em 476 pacientes de instituições públicas e privadas. A análise psicométrica foi realizada utilizando o método de factores comuns, eixos principais e a rotação oblíqua. A Análise Fatorial Exploratória identificou 5 fatores e 35 itens e o Alfa de Cronbach testo a confiabilidade. Os fatores foram: F1-Conexão- relação não-verbal para o outro ( =0,943), F2-Empatia ( =0,909), F3- Conexão- relação verbal para o outro ( =0,914), F4- Inclusão ( =0,858) e F5- Confiança ( =0,852). O Alfa Cronbach total foi 0,93. O Índice de Tucker Lewis foi de 0,901. É possível obter-se escore por fator e total da ECAE e quando mais alto o escore, maior o calor humano. Após as fases teórica, empirica e analítica do estudo o conceito de calor humano foi estabelecido como O calorhumano é a capacidade de estabelecer e manter um relacionamento próximo e acolhedor que demonstre por meio de comportamentos verbais e não verbais, conexão e relacionamento com os outros, empatia, inclusão e confiança, de modo que, para o outro, significa uma experiência agradável. Conclusão: Construíu-se a Escala de Calor Humano em Enfermagem (ECAE), propos-se o conceito de calor humano em enfermagem e chave de escore para medir esse fenômeno. Trata-se de contribuição original que pode ser útil na clínica, ensino e pesquisa para a avaliação das competências interpessoais em enfermagem. / Introduction: Warmth is an important attribute in health care; however, it is a scarcely studied phenomenon. There is no universally accepted concept of warmth, component description and/or measurement. The purposes of this research were to identify behaviors and factors associated with warmth, build a definition of this construct and a scale to measure it. Method: Methodological study about the building and validation of a measurement scale, developed in three phases, as proposed by Pasquali. In the theoretical phase, behaviors associated with warmth in nursing were identified by reviewing the literature and interviewing 23 patients and 25 nurses. In the empirical phase, these behaviors were tested with inpatients. In the analytical phase, factors and psychometric properties were identified. Results: The scale was applied to 476 patients of public and private institutions. The psychometric analysis was performed using the common factor method, main axes and oblique rotation. The Exploratory Factor Analysis identified 5 factors and 35 items, and Cronbachs Alpha measured reliability. The factors were: F1 - Non-verbal connection-relationship with the other (=0.943), F2 - Empathy (=0.909), F3 - Verbal connection-relationship with the other (=0.914), F4 - Inclusion (=0.858) and F5 - Confidence (=0.852). The total Cronbachs Alpha was 0.93. The Tucker-Lewis index was 0.901. It is possible to obtain a score by factor and by total, and the higher the score, the higher the human warmth. After the theoretical, empirical and analytical phases of the study, the construct was established as warmth is the ability to establish and maintain a close, welcoming relationship that demonstrates, through verbal and non-verbal behaviors, connection and relationship with the other person, empathy, inclusion and confidence, so that it finally means a pleasant experience for the other person. Conclusion: The Nursing Warmth Scale (ECAE) was developed, and a concept of warmth in nursing and a measurement scale were proposed. It is an original contribution that may be useful in clinical practices, teaching and research for the evaluation of interpersonal skills in nursing.

<p>Men’s violence against women is a universal issue affecting health, human rights and gender-equality. In pregnancy, violence is a risk for both the mother and her unborn child.</p><p>The overall aims were: to determine the prevalence of such violence in a Swedish pregnant population, to investigate pregnant women’s attitudes to questioning about exposure to violence, and to evaluate experience gained by antenatal care midwives having routinely questioned pregnant women regarding violence.</p><p>All women registered for antenatal care in Uppsala, Sweden, during 6 months were assessed regarding acts of violence. The Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) was used twice during pregnancy and again after delivery when the women were asked an open-ended written question regarding attitudes to questioning about violence. Midwives’ experiences regarding routine assessment were evaluated in focus group discussions.</p><p>The AAS questions were answered by 93% (1,038) of those eligible. Physical abuse by a partner or relative during or shortly after pregnancy was reported by 1.3%, and by 2.8% when the year preceding pregnancy was included. Lifetime sexual abuse was reported by 8.1%. Repeated questioning increased the abuse detection rate. Abused women reported more previous ill-health, and women physically abused during pregnancy more pregnancy terminations than did non-abused women. Abuse assessment was found entirely acceptable by 80%, both acceptable and unacceptable/disagreeable by 5% and solely unacceptable/ disagreeable by 3%, while 12% were neural. Abused and non-abused women did not differ regarding disinclination to answer the abuse questions. According to the midwives the delicacy of the subject and the male partners’ presence were the most prominent remaining obstacles to routine determination of violence. </p><p>Routines are required to make questioning about violence an integral part of antenatal care. This would necessitate a private appointment for the woman, knowledge among care providers about the nature of men’s violence, and awareness of referral options.</p>

This thesis researches the phenomenon ‘caring relationship’. The empirical studies in this thesis were carried out in China with the aim to describe the caring relationship in China through the lifeworld experiences of professional caregivers and patients. The result of this study will later on relate to a study of Swedish caring relationships. For this phenomenological study 9 patients, 10 medical and healthcare workers and 4 nursing tutors were interviewed. They were from 5 different medical and care units from two hospitals, one private clinic and a nursing school in Southern China. This study shows that caring relationship in China has many layers. Embedded in the basic interpersonal relationship is a ‘relationship of need’. The relationship carries a goal: to help the patient to restore a personal harmonic existence and regain the responsibility for their health. The relationship is temporary and normally ends when the goal is achieved. The relationship is initiated by the patients need for help. The two main actors in the caring relationship are the patient and the caregiver with their roles as care seeker and care provider. This study shows that to become a patient is a process of diminishing the natural ordinary self which makes the person feel vulnerable. Caregivers take a leading role which carries responsibility. They feel an obligation to use all their knowledge and resources for the benefit of the patients. They teach them how to live and how to stay healthy. A main function in the caring relationship is the transfer of knowledge. The caregivers feel the need to create a dialog to get access to the patients’ unique knowledge about themselves so that the caregiver’s general knowledge of health and care can be applied to the individual. Through the informal chats they share the patient’s experiences, emotions and history. It creates en opportunity for the interpersonal relationship to grow deeper and for the patient and the caregiver to meet as fellow human beings. In the Chinese caring relationship the patient’s family is included. It is considered to be every contributor’s duty to be responsible for oneself and for others. Mutual understanding and respect in a caring relationship are important in getting the patient back into balance.

Men’s violence against women is a universal issue affecting health, human rights and gender-equality. In pregnancy, violence is a risk for both the mother and her unborn child. The overall aims were: to determine the prevalence of such violence in a Swedish pregnant population, to investigate pregnant women’s attitudes to questioning about exposure to violence, and to evaluate experience gained by antenatal care midwives having routinely questioned pregnant women regarding violence. All women registered for antenatal care in Uppsala, Sweden, during 6 months were assessed regarding acts of violence. The Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) was used twice during pregnancy and again after delivery when the women were asked an open-ended written question regarding attitudes to questioning about violence. Midwives’ experiences regarding routine assessment were evaluated in focus group discussions. The AAS questions were answered by 93% (1,038) of those eligible. Physical abuse by a partner or relative during or shortly after pregnancy was reported by 1.3%, and by 2.8% when the year preceding pregnancy was included. Lifetime sexual abuse was reported by 8.1%. Repeated questioning increased the abuse detection rate. Abused women reported more previous ill-health, and women physically abused during pregnancy more pregnancy terminations than did non-abused women. Abuse assessment was found entirely acceptable by 80%, both acceptable and unacceptable/disagreeable by 5% and solely unacceptable/ disagreeable by 3%, while 12% were neural. Abused and non-abused women did not differ regarding disinclination to answer the abuse questions. According to the midwives the delicacy of the subject and the male partners’ presence were the most prominent remaining obstacles to routine determination of violence. Routines are required to make questioning about violence an integral part of antenatal care. This would necessitate a private appointment for the woman, knowledge among care providers about the nature of men’s violence, and awareness of referral options.