Language education permeates all nursery school activities. Theoretical part of this thesis is devoted into three parts: developing the language skills of preschool children, speech and language development in preschool children at home and in the nursery school, the proper development of speech at all language levels. I deal with the processing of language education in the current curriculum for preschool education, language competence, which should preschool child handle before attending primary school. I clarify the terminology, language education and the development of pre-reading skills, I give reasons for the importance of education before a child learns to read. I emphasize to familiarizing children with the book, the correct speech pattern of nursery school teachers. At the end of my work I deal with speech and learning disability dyslexia. In the practical part of my thesis I demonstrate created project of the development of language education which permeates controlled and free activities in a nursery school. In the project I want to show you how I have practically developed language and pre-reading skills of children before attending primary school.

The thesis is concerned with the use of computers and ICT technology in nursery schools in the Czech Republic, those in particular where children have the opportunity to work with Kid Smart computers. The assignment should chart and analyze the information and communication literacy of school directors, to document available ICT technologies suitable for nursery schools, and define potential barriers that prevent their wider usage and to propose measures to directors that would lead to a gradual overcoming of these issues. A comparison with the situation abroad includes schools in Iceland and Portugal. A portion of this thesis deals with research regarding this topic and its subsequent evaluation. The assignment should provide directors with a well arranged description of available ICT for nursery schools and should familiarize them with the appropriate software for managing administration.

Title Use of a literary text in a dramatic project Summary The work deals in its theoretical part with definition of dramaturgy; means, approaches and methodology of creative dramaturgy. What is more, it deals with possibility of using the literature (fairytale) in work with prep school children. The practical part deals with a project, which applies the fairytale text in dramaturgy in educational announcement of a prep school. It applies different dramatics, feelings and sense, pantomimic and other plays during February. The project is finally assessed with focus on affectivity of applied means, approaches and methodology of creative dramaturgy with respect to personality of the prep school children. Keywords Creative dramatist, literary text, pre-school age, drama, dramatization, pre- school education, nursery school.

The choice of a nursery school is a first life step into the society. A daily schedule, age composition of educationalists, size of the facility or reachability from home are some of many criteria influencing parent's choice of the nursery school for their child. The diploma thesis "What forms the image of nursery school in the eyes of parents" describes and characterizes individual elements of image in connection with the preschool institution during particular time period and shows first moments before entering nursery school. The practical part is focused on nursery school choice criteria, parental expectations about the nursery schools and their view of the preschool education but also educationalists' opinion about the image. Sample of selected nursery schools is characterized in the thesis together with detailed data analysis and evaluation. The conclusion of thesis contains overall summary of all gained data and knowledge which can be used for suggestions of nursery school image creation.

La question de l’enseignement du nombre à l’école maternelle est abordée à travers les savoirs et les connaissances mathématiques spécifiques du professeur. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre de la théorie des situations didactiques. Une modélisation des savoirs mathématiques spécifiques pour l’enseignement du nombre à l’école maternelle est proposée afin d’étudier l’enseignement du nombre de dix enseignants. Le travail est complété par une micro formation relative à des savoirs spécifiques pour la quantité. La thèse étudie l’impact de nouveaux savoirs sur les connaissances mathématiques spécifiques de cinq professeurs. Enfin, les résultats de la recherche sont interprétés par rapport à la formation des enseignants / Teaching numbers in preschool is addressed though the specific mathematical knowledge of the teacher himself. This thesis work comes within theoretical didactical situations. A modeling system for specific mathematical knowledge is suggested in order to study the way ten teachers teach numbers. This work is completed by a short training course related to quantity knowledge. This thesis work analyses the impact of these new specific fields of knowledge for five amongst ten of these teachers. The final result of the research work is highlighted by teachers training.

The diploma thesis "Issue of integrating children from socially disadvantaged ambience to nursery school" deals with the inclusive process of children from the socio-economically disadvantaged environment placed to nursery schools. The thesis describes the legislative framework of inclusion and the social environment of the Czech society. This work also deals with the Roma community, which makes up a large proportion of people with socio-economic disadvantage. It defines the role of the teacher in the inclusion of children from a socially disadvantaged environment and the position of the teacher assistant. The research part deals with the inclusive process of specific children at nursery school in the city with high unemployment. It also monitors the approach of individuals involved in the inclusive process and suggests possible changes that could lead to its improvement.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:33:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda Mello Rezende de Pinho.pdf: 603650 bytes, checksum: a93c352e2bf579a5799b18fada65351b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-29 / This research emerged from my own experience as a nursery school teachers former at public and private nets as well as from my participation in debate forums of professionals of the area. The main point of the study is settled on the establishment of relations between the teachers practice with their origins and formation. In order to accomplish this goal, I identified the origins that formed the teachers by a social, economical and cultural point of view. Then, I got information about scholar formation in order to get a certificate and about follow-up formation. Finally, I researched the modes and acting choices revealed by the teachers in their professional practice. This way, I selected teachers from the south, east and central regions of Sao Paulo. 151 teachers answered the questionnaires (in 2007). They all came from nursery schools from the Nursery School Centers of the direct net and from Nursery Municipal Schools from Sao Paulo, offering data for this study. The data were compiled and the representations were analyzed establishing relations among their social-economical-cultural profile, their formation and the way they expressed themselves about the quotidian practice with the children. This analysis allowed us to point out that the needs and the relevance of professional knowledge regarded on formation programs seem not to be recognized by the educators with the same value and meaning they are considered by the professionals involved with the conception of formation programs as fundamental for a quality service offered to young kids. Another aspect that seems to be present on these situations is the professional improvement not being strong enough to fight against and overcome the labor conditions found on nursery schools. We have also realized that the teachers formation, due to the origins and the courses that were taken (even at college) does not affect the language and thought pattern. Moreover the lives conditions of this great number of women do not allow them have time to accumulate the demanding cultural capital. The teachers could define very little about what they study, about what they think in relation to the kids as well as to the other teachers who work like them, the appreciations that express what they like or dislike on children s behavior. They presented difficulties to show their didactic choices in terms of materials, texts, songs and images selected to the work with the kids. It is an instrumental and limited usage without being clear about the formation potential in other basis. This way, the nursery schools promote the reproduction of habits legitimating the differences because the invested cultural capital is not the scholar one but the same they bring from their families, a poor capital is twice accumulated during kindergarten period by the school and by the families of the kids involved who are usually poorer than the teachers. Nursery school is not studied here as a period that promotes changes, but it could be / Esta pesquisa emergiu de minha experiência como formadora de professores de educação infantil da rede pública e particular e da participação em fóruns de debate de profissionais dessa área. A questão central deste estudo está firmada no estabelecimento de relações entre a atuação dos professores suas origens e formação. Para isso identifiquei as origens que formaram os professores do ponto de vista social, econômico e cultural. Em seguida, obtive informações sobre a formação escolar para obter a certificação e formação continuada. Por último, pesquisei modos e escolhas para atuar manifestos pelos professores em seu exercício profissional. Para isto selecionei professores das regiões sul, leste e central da cidade de São Paulo. 151 professores responderam ao questionário (em 2007) advindos da educação infantil tanto dos Centros de Educação Infantil (CEI) da rede direta quanto das Escolas Municipais de Educação Infantil (EMEI) do município de São Paulo, fornecendo dados para este estudo. Os dados foram tabulados e as representações analisadas estabelecendo-se relações entre o perfil social, econômico e cultural, a formação e o modo como se manifestam sobre o exercício cotidiano de seu trabalho com as crianças. Essas análises permitiram apontar que a necessidade e relevância dos saberes profissionais contemplados nos programas de formação parecem não ser reconhecidos pelos educadores com o mesmo valor e significado que são considerados pelos profissionais envolvidos na concepção desses programas como fundamentais para que se alcance um atendimento de qualidade para a primeira infância. Outro aspecto que parece estar presente nessas situações é o aprimoramento profissional não ter força para combater e ultrapassar as condições de trabalho encontradas nas instituições de educação infantil. Verificou-se, também, que a formação dos professores em função das origens e dos cursos realizados, mesmo os superiores, não se altera substantivamente quanto ao padrão de linguagem e pensamento. Além disso, as condições de vida vividas por essa imensa maioria de mulheres não lhes permite o tempo necessário ao acúmulo que o capital cultural exige. Os professores souberam definir pouco sobre o que estudam, sobre o que pensam com relação às crianças e sobre professores que trabalham como eles, as apreciações que expressam sobre o que gostam e o que não gostam no comportamento das crianças. Demonstraram dificuldade para explicitar suas escolhas didáticas manifestas quanto aos materiais, leituras, músicas e imagens selecionadas para o trabalho com as crianças. Trata-se de um uso, sobretudo, instrumental, limitado e sem clareza do potencial formativo em outras bases. Nesse sentido, as instituições de educação infantil são promotoras de reprodução e legitimam a desigualdade, pois o capital cultural investido não é o escolar e sim da mesma natureza que o da família, o capital empobrecido é duplamente acumulado nessa fase da educação infantil pela escola e pela família das crianças que freqüentam, em geral com origem similar ou mais empobrecida do que a dos professores. A educação infantil aqui estudada não é um período que promova modificações, mas poderia ser

Pode a direção de uma escola de Educação Infantil criar um espaço de escuta psicanalítica com a equipe pedagógica, visando desconstruir as visões estereotipadas de criança-problema de modo que cada criança possa ser considerada como um sujeito, ou seja, um enigma que nunca chega a ser solucionado? Essa é a questão que guia este trabalho. Afinal, que criança é essa? Esta pesquisa busca problematizar as diferentes concepções de infância e de educação escolar, explicitando como a criança vem sendo continuamente considerada pela Pedagogia, desde a implantação da educação infantil no mundo ocidental e no Brasil, como um ser natural, biológico ou social passível de ser entendido e conhecido integralmente, com auxílio de outras disciplinas como a Medicina e a Psicologia. Por outro lado, a Psicanálise explicita que, no encontro entre adulto e criança, há uma rachadura por onde se revela o impossível de saber, de controlar, de educar. O mal-estar gerado nesse (des)encontro, principalmente quando se tratam de crianças que não se encaixam nos moldes ideais, vem gerando diversas metodologias e iniciativas educacionais. Algumas reflexões sobre Psicanálise e Educação são retomadas, passando pelos principais psicanalistas que se dedicaram de alguma forma a questões da infância, com especial foco nas práticas de educação psicanaliticamente orientadas. A Psicanálise no Brasil é revista em sua trajetória, com forte influência no campo da Educação, inicialmente com abordagem higienista e culminando com questionamentos da atualidade. As estruturas discursivas lacanianas e os registros simbólico, imaginário e real são conceitos fundamentais para essa leitura de Psicanálise e Educação. A origem da concepção de criança-problema está situada no centro dos primeiros efeitos da Psicanálise na educação brasileira e se desdobra em nomenclaturas e classificações variadas, que atuam mais na segregação e na exclusão das crianças do que em seu processo de inclusão. Como a criança que apresenta problemas na sua escolarização é tomada pelo adulto educador é o principal elemento da discussão sobre a Educação Inclusiva, que analisa desde o próprio conceito de inclusão, o cenário brasileiro e algumas questões específicas da inclusão na Educação Infantil. Nessa perspectiva, a dissertação se direciona para a figura do professor e apresenta algumas possibilidades de formação continuada ou supervisão, como laboratórios de conversação e reuniões de suporte à inclusão, que podem ajudar a pensar nos encaminhamentos e escolhas da direção de uma escola. A experiência profissional desta pesquisadora é trazida em cena para interrogar os efeitos da Psicanálise na gestão escolar e na própria metodologia da pesquisa, além da descrição e análise de uma prática realizada em reuniões de professores para discussão de caso. Nesse modelo de reunião, os professores podem falar livremente, já que não há a intenção de se chegar a um entendimento, um esclarecimento e/ou a prescrições práticas, mas sim a uma implicação subjetiva a partir dos furos do saber. O objetivo é refletir se esse espaço de não-saber pode ser sustentado por uma escuta psicanalítica, mesmo por intermédio da figura da direção, agenciadora do discurso do Mestre. Dado o caráter desta dissertação, não há como apresentar conclusões fechadas, mas sim, abrir caminhos para práticas em educação que sigam em direção a uma ética do sujeito, considerando educadores e crianças como seres de linguagem, irremediavelmente incompletos e com uma face enigmática irredutível a qualquer rótulo diagnóstico. / Is it possible for the board of a nursery school/preschool to adopt psychoanalytic listening with the pedagogical team, aiming at deconstructing the stereotyped views of the problem child in such a way that each child may be considered as a subject, i.e. a puzzle that never gets to be solved? That\'s the question that guides this essay. After all, what child is that? This research tries to analyze the different concepts of childhood and school education, showing how children have been continuously considered by Pedagogy, since the implementation of nursery school and preschool education in the Western world and in Brazil, as a natural, biological or social being which may be fully understood and known with the help of other disciplines, such as Medicine and Psychology. On the other hand, Psychoanalysis shows that, when the child and the adult meet, there\'s a gap through which is revealed the impossibility of knowing, controlling, educating. The discomfort created in this (mis)match, especially when we are dealing with children that do not fit the ideal standards, has generated several methodologies and educational initiatives. Some reflections on Psychoanalysis and Education are made, with special emphasis on the practices of psychoanalytical oriented education and references to the major psychoanalysts who dedicated themselves somehow to childhood issues. The evolution of Psychoanalysis in Brazil is reviewed, considering its strong influence in Education, at first with a Hygienist approach, and concluding with present issues. The Lacanian discursive structures and the Symbolic, Imaginary and Real registers are fundamental concepts for this view on Psychoanalysis and Education. The origin of the concept of a problem child is situated in the heart of the first effects of Psychoanalysis in Brazilian Education and unfolds in several naming and classification systems, which act more towards segregation and exclusion of the kids than for their inclusion. How the child that shows problems in their schooling process is considered by their adult educator is the key element in the discussion about inclusive education, which analyzes the concept of inclusion itself, the Brazilian scenario and some specific issues concerning inclusion in nursery schools/preschool education. From this point of view, the essay discusses the teacher figure and presents some possibilities for continued training or supervision, such as conversation labs and meetings to support inclusion, which can help to think about the choices and decisions made by the school board. The researchers professional experience is called upon to question the effects of Psychoanalysis in school management and in the research method itself, besides describing and analyzing a practice carried out in teachers meetings for case studies. In this kind of meeting, teachers can speak openly, since there\'s no intention to reach understanding, clarification and/or practical prescriptions, but rather subjective implications from the holes in knowledge. The aim is to ponder whether this notknowing space can be sustained by psychoanalytic listening, even if carried out by the board, representing the Masters discourse. Due to the characteristics of this essay, it is not possible to present firm conclusions, but rather to open paths for education practices that follow towards the ethics of the subject, considering educators and children as language beings, hopelessly incomplete and with an enigmatic face that cannot be reduced to any diagnostic label.

The choice of a nursery school is a first life step into the world. A daily schedule, age composition of educationalists, size of the facility or reachability from home are some of many criteria influencing parent's choice of the nursery school for their child. The diploma thesis "What forms the image of nursery school in the eyes of parents" is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part describes and characterizes individual elements of image in connection with the preschool institution during particular time period and shows first moments before entering nursery school. The practical part describes the realization of the research focused on nursery school choice criteria, parental expectations about the nursery schools and their view of the preschool education but also educationalists' opinion about the image. The chapters in the practical part are also focused on individual nursery school characteristics, detailed data analysis as well as data summary and evaluation of three distinct questionnaires. The thesis conclusion contains overall summary of all gained data and knowledge and final suggestions for creation of nursery school image.

I förskolans läroplan beskrivs att pedagoger ska lägga stor vikt vid att uppmuntra varje barn till att utveckla sitt språk. Under verksamhetsförlagda delar av utbildningen och arbete på förskolor har vi sett att små barn ibland får stå åt sidan för att gynna verksamhet för äldre barn. Att låta barn utveckla sitt språk med stöd av pedagoger och en social miljö är något som påverkar oss resten av livet. Att behärska språket är en nödvändighet i samhället. Syftet med studien är att synliggöra verksamma pedagogers arbete med ett- till treåringars språkutveckling i förskolan. Studien syftar vidare till att påvisa eventuella skillnader i språkligt bemötande ur genusperspektiv. Studien är kvalitativ och bygger på fyra observationer och fyra intervjuer, vilka är genomförda på två olika förskolor. Resultatet presenterar pedagogers arbetssätt och tankar bakom arbetet med språkutveckling, vilka möjligheter respektive hinder de ser och deras tankar bakom bemötande av flickor och pojkar ur språkutvecklingsperspektiv. I resultatet framkom att pedagogerna arbetar med språket på många sätt på förskolan, till exempel genom samlingar, vardagliga möten med barnen och genom att minska barngrupperna för att få mer tid för varje barn. I arbetet med språket ser pedagogerna möjligheter att använda sig av samlingen som pedagogiskt redskap men även utnyttja de vardagliga mötena. Pedagogen själv kan vara ett hinder om inte tiden finns för samtal med barnen då en viktig del av språkstimulansen går förlorad. Vissa pedagoger ser inga hinder alls för språkutvecklingen. Beträffande eventuell skillnad i bemötande gentemot flickor och pojkar visar resultatet att pedagogerna inte gör någon märkbar skillnad utan de alla har värderingen att bemöta alla barn lika. Slutligen diskuteras resultatet i relation till litteraturen och våra egna reflektioner. Studiens slutsats är att uppmuntran, benämning och bekräftelse kännetecknar det språkliga bemötandet i pedagogernas arbete med små barns språkutveckling. / In the curriculum of the nursery school it is said that the teachers shall lay stress on encouraging each child to develop his/her language. During trainee work of the education and the work at nursery schools, we have been witnessing young children step aside in the favour of the older children’s activity. Letting children develop their language with the support of the teachers and a social surrounding affects them for the rest of their lives. Controlling the language is a necessity in the society. The purpose with this study is to visualise how active teachers are thinking and working with a language education for one- to three-year-olds. The study aims further to point out any differences in a linguistic treatment from a gender perspective. The study is qualitative and it is based on four observations and four interviews, which are carried out at two different nursery schools. The result presents the teachers’ way of working and thoughts behind the work with language education, what possibilities and obstacles they see and their thoughts behind the treatment of girls and boys from a language developing perspective. In the result it appeared that the teachers work with the language in many different ways at the nursery school, for instance by gatherings, everyday meetings with the children and by reducing the children groups to gain more time for each child. In the work with the language, the teachers see the possibilities of using the gathering as an educational tool and utilising the everyday meetings as well. The teacher him/her self can be an obstacle if there is no time for talk with the children, whereas an important part of the language stimulation is lost. Some teachers don’t see any obstacles whatsoever for the language development. Regarding a possible difference in the treatment against girls and boys, the result shows that teachers don’t make any remarkable distinction, but they all share the value of treating every child equally. Finally, the result is discussed in the relation to the literature and our own reflections.