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Nos dias de hoje, a obesidade se caracteriza como uma doença de causas múltiplas, sendo uma enfermidade grave e com alta incidência em países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. Dessa maneira, é possível considerar que a obesidade pode ser analisada por vários aspectos multifatoriais como os genéticos, sociais e afetivos. Nesse sentido, esta dissertação aborda alguns aspectos afetivos presentes na problemática da obesidade e sobrepeso em adolescentes mulheres, procurando verificar possíveis falhas na relação afetiva mãe e filha, nos estágios precoces do desenvolvimento da menina. Este estudo está fundamentado em concepções teóricas de Winnicott (1983; 2000; 2005; 2006), Levisky (1995), Barbosa Silva (2005), Bruno (2011) e Cardoso (2008). Foi utilizada como procedimento metodológico a abordagem qualitativa da História Oral de Vida que privilegia as narrativas do sujeito como compreensão de suas vivências afetivas. Desse modo, foram feitas entrevistas gravadas com as adolescentes obesas ou com sobrepeso de 13 a 18 anos que fazem parte da triagem ou estão em tratamento nutricional na Clínica-Escola de Nutrição da Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde do Centro Universitário (Cesmac) em Maceió, Alagoas. Diante disso, as narrativas das adolescentes entrevistadas teceram sua história de vida, apresentando dados significativos como a relação com a mãe, o contexto familiar, o próprio ato de adolescer e o lidar com os conflitos existentes no dia a dia como aspectos importantes e como hipóteses possíveis de ocasionar o aparecimento da obesidade e do sobrepeso nessas adolescentes mulheres. Cada contexto estudado, revela singularidades da relação mãe e filha e se destaca como fundamental para o desenvolvimento e a construção do amadurecimento da menina na infância e, principalmente, na adolescência. / Nowadays, obesity is characterized as a disease of multiple causes, its a serious illness and with high incidence in developed and developing countries. This way, it is possible to consider that obesity can be analyzed by various multifactorial features as genetic, social, and affective. In this sense, this dissertation says some affective aspects in obesity and overweights problematic in adolescent women, seeking to verify possible failures in affective relation mother and daughter, in the early stages of development of the girl. This study, is based on theoretical conceptions of Winnicott (1983, 2000, 2005, 2006), Levinsky (1995), Barbosa Silva (2005), Bruno (2011) and Cardoso (2008). It was used as methodological procedure the qualitative approach of Oral Life History that privileges the narratives of the subject as knowledge their affective experiences. Thus, they have been recorded interviews with obese adolescents or overweight 13 to 18 years who are part of the screening or are in the nutritional treatment Clinic-School of Nutrition of Biological Sciences and Health College (Cesmac) in Maceió, Alagoas. In this way, the narratives of the interviewed adolescents wove their life story, they are presenting significant data such as the relationship with the mother, the family context, the own act of adolescent and the dealing with conflicts in daily life as important aspects and as possible hypotheses to bring on the onset of obesity and overweight in these adolescent women. Each studied context, reveals singularities mother and daughter relationship and it stands as fundamental to the development and the construction girls maturing in childhood, and mainly, in youth.

Over the past 30 years, obesity has increased rapidly as an epidemic and major public health concern in the United Stated, particularly among Native American children and adolescents. Native American adolescents have the highest prevalence rates of obesity of all ethnic groups in the United States. Although there has been an increasing effort to develop and evaluate obesity prevention programs for children and adolescents, very little attention has been devoted to understanding culturally effective approaches for ethnic populations. There is a significant gap in the research literature regarding effective obesity intervention and prevention studies for Native American children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of a culturally based talking circle approach, KCTC-O, for the prevention of obesity among early adolescent Native American (Keetoowah-Cherokee) and to examine the relationships between Cherokee self-reliance; perceived stress levels; and obesity knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. A 7-week intervention in which a 2-condition quasi-experimental design was implemented to compare the KCTC-O experimental condition with a standard school health education (SE) control condition on three outcome variables (Cherokee self-reliance; perceived stress levels; and obesity knowledge, attitudes, and behavior at pre- and post-intervention. A total sample of 100 participants were recruited for this study, 50 participants per condition. The participants were distributed almost evenly in terms of gender: 55 females compared to 45 males for both groups combined. Participants ranged in ages from 10 to 13, with a mean age of 11.5 years of age, and ranged in grades from 4 through 7, with Grade 6 being the most frequently reported grade in school. The results of this study revealed the effectiveness of the KCTC-O condition was not significantly greater than the SE condition. However, although not statistically significant, the results of this study provided some evidence that a culturally based intervention was slightly more effective for the prevention of obesity than a non-culturally based intervention for Native American early adolescents. This study helps to validate the need for more robust obesity prevention programs from a cultural perspective among Native American early adolescents. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2016. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Self-report recall questions are commonly used to measure physical activity, energy expenditure (EE) and time use in children and adolescents. However, self-report questionnaires show low to moderate validity, mainly due to inaccuracies in recalling activity in terms of duration and intensity. Aside from recall errors, inaccuracies in estimating energy expenditure from self-report questionnaires are compounded by a lack of data on the energy cost of everyday activities in children and adolescents. This thesis describes the development of the Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and Adolescents (MARCA), a use-of-time instrument designed to address both the limitations of self-report recall questionnaires in children, and the lack of energy cost data in children. / The thesis begins by investigating the energy cost of everyday activities in children and adolescents. An extensive literature search was undertaken to identify as many studies as possible where the energy cost of child and adolescent everyday activities were measured. Data were available from 52 studies totalling 5982 measures made on 43 activities. The data collated in the literature search was used to identify significant gaps in the literature and evaluate existing techniques of assigning energy cost values to child and adolescent activities when measured values are not available. The results suggest that using adult METs is the most accurate technique to assign energy cost values when child-specific measures are not available. / After identifying areas of missing energy cost data, the energy cost of three types of child and adolescent activities were measured: playing video centre games; performing household chores; and “new locomotions”, i.e. riding non-motorised scooters and rollerblading. A total of 131 measures were undertaken on 11-13 year old children using indirect calorimetry. Energy costs ranged from 1.3 to 6.4 METs for video centre games; 1.9 to 3.6 METs for household chores; and 6.5 to 6.6 for the new locomotions. / Next, the development, validity and reliability of the MARCA are discussed. The MARCA is described in terms of its three components: the 1-d recall; the compendium of child-specific energy costs and the analytical module. In particular, the advantages of the multimedia features of the MARCA over traditional pen and paper questionnaires are highlighted. The MARCA was then validated by comparing accelerometer counts with MARC recall data collected on a sample of sixty six 10-13 year olds. The MARCA showed validity comparable to other self-report instruments with Spearman coeffiecients ranging from 0.88 to 0.94. Finally, the thesis demonstrates the unique analytical capabilities of the MARCA via a variety of analyses conducted on the MARCA self-report recall profiles of 1429 children and adolescents aged 9 to 15 years. / Thesis (PhDHumanMovement)--University of South Australia, 2005.

Thesis (MTech (Biomedical Technology))--Peninsula Technikon, Cape Town, 2004 / Introduction and Background: The prevalence of obesity amongst both the adult and paediatric population has assumed almost epidemic proportions in many developed and developing countries. A recent study by the Medical Research Council found that a disturbing 20% of all South African children could be categorized as being obese. Limited data is currently available on the prevalence of obesity in South African children, particularly from the previously disadvantaged population. Given the global epidemic of paediatric obesity, hypertension and type-2-diabetes and the limited available data relating to obese South African children, further studies to enhance the understanding of the risk factors associated with the epidemic are imperative. Aims and Objectives of the Study: The objectives of the study were to: 1. Determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity amongst leamers attending schools in the communities of Belhar, Delft and Mfuleni within the City of Cape Town, South Africa. 2. Determine the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension amongst learners attending school in the communities of Belhar, Delft and Mfuleni in the City of Cape Town. 3. To investigate the association of overweight and obesity with diabetes and hypertension in children and adolescents, and • To determine the risk factors associated with overweight, obesity, diabetes and hypertension Sample Population: Excluding learners that did not meet the inclusion criteria, the final sample consisted of 338 learners aged 10 - 16 years attending the government funded primary and secondary schools and residing in the target communities.

The aim of this study was to explore and describe the body fatness and associated selected health risk factors among 10 to 12 year old adolescents attending schools in Port Elizabeth. Therefore the objectives of the study were to determine the following for the participants: • Level of fatness: weight, height, waist circumference, maximum hip circumference and skinfolds; • Fat intake; • Level of physical activity involvement (IPAQ). To achieve the aim and objectives of this study, the literature pertaining to Childhood Obesity and the possible effects thereof, were reviewed. Both an ex post facto quasi experimental and randomized one-group posttest only designs were used to describe the level of fatness and to identify the incidence of overweight and obesity among adolescents aged 10 to 12 years attending schools in Port Elizabeth. The test battery included anthropometric measurements that were identified from the literature as the factors most important to categorise body fatness such as weight, height, circumferences and skinfolds to determine the level of fatness of the participants. A 21-item Fat Measure for Dietary Intake and International Physical Activity Questionnaire were administered to determine the levels of fat intake and physical activity. Three hundred (300) adolescents were assessed of which 143 were male and 157 were female. In terms of socioeconomic status, 71.3 percent were from the ‘less poor’ quintile schools and 28.7 percent were from the ‘more poor’ quintile schools. The results obtained from the evaluation of the samples were compared in terms of their descriptive statistics and the differences were tested for statistical and practical significance. The results from the study showed that 26.7 percent of the participants were overweight and 14.7 percent were obese according to their skinfold measurements. In terms of body mass index, 79.7 percent of the participants were overweight and 14.3 percent were obese. These results are far higher than majority of the studies included. Physical activity indicated a reduction in body fatness and the most physically active participants were obese. Lastly, body fat percentage and body mass index are very closely related.

The main aim of my diploma thesis is to examine the issue of obesity and overweight in adolescents from a medical, psychological and social point of view with emphasis on the developmental perspective, not only through knowledge from literature, but also through the results of current research. In the theoretical part, the project focuses on the specifics of overweight and obesity in adolescents with an emphasis on the impact on quality of life and the relationship to their own body in this particular age group. There is also a big attention paid to psychological aspects of eating behavior in the family, lifestyle in the family and current development trends in the field of body image. In addition, differences between adolescent girls and boys are also being monitored. They are monitored by two ways and those are how they are spending their free time and how they approach to a healthy lifestyle. In addition, the work examines the motivation to change eating and exercise habits and appropriate ways of early intervention. Empirical research is focused on monitoring the impact of overweight and obesity on quality of life and the relationship to their body in adolescents. The data were collected in a form of questionnaires, and ethical principles were necessary to adhere throughout the research The...

The main aim of my diploma thesis is to examine the issue of obesity and overweight in adolescents from a medical, psychological and social point of view with emphasis on the developmental perspective, not only through knowledge from literature, but also through the results of current research. In the theoretical part, the project focuses on the specifics of overweight and obesity in adolescents with an emphasis on the impact on quality of life and the relationship to their own body in this particular age group. There is also a big attention paid to psychological aspects of eating behavior in the family, lifestyle in the family and current development trends in the field of body image. In addition, differences between adolescent girls and boys are also being monitored. They are monitored by two ways and those are how they are spending their free time and how they approach to a healthy lifestyle. In addition, the work examines the motivation to change eating and exercise habits and appropriate ways of early intervention. Empirical research is focused on monitoring the impact of overweight and obesity on quality of life and the relationship to their body in adolescents. The data were collected in a form of questionnaires, and ethical principles were necessary to adhere throughout the research The...

This study sought to examine whether participation in physical activity affects the ability to correctly classify body size, based on body mass index classifications. Secondarily, this study determined whether adolescents who incorrectly classified their body size overestimated or underestimated their size. Self-report data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were analyzed. Logistic regression was performed to examine relationships between self-perception of body size and physical activity, television viewing time, computer/video game use, physical education class time, and extracurricular sports activities. Significance was set to p<0.05. Physical activity was the only statistically significant independent variable (p=0.058, OR = 1.060). Although physical activity was shown to be statistically significant, it did not appear to meaningfully increase the ability of youth to correctly classify body size. Secondary analysis showed that adolescents who incorrectly classified their body size were more likely to underestimate their body size. Females more frequently underestimated their body size (females=673; males=384).