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Thesis (MTech (Mechanical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. / In South Africa, squid fishing vessels need to find and then anchor above benthic squid egg beds to effect viable catches. However, waves acting on the vessel produce a dynamic response on the anchor line. These oscillatory motions produce impact forces of the chain striking the seabed. It is hypothesised that this causes damage to the squid egg bed beneath the vessels. Different mooring systems may cause more or less damage and this is what is investigated in this research. The effect of vessel mooring lines impact on the seabed during squid fishing is investigated using a specialised hydrodynamic tool commercial package ANSYS AQWA models. This study analysed the single-point versus the two-point mooring system’s impact on the seabed. The ANSYS AQWA models were developed for both mooring systems under the influence of the wave and current loads using the 14 and 22 m vessels anchored with various chain sizes. The effect of various wave conditions was investigated as well as the analysis of three mooring line configurations. The mooring chain contact pressure on the seabed is investigated beyond what is output from ANSYS AQWA using ABAQUS finite element analysis. The real-world velocity of the mooring chain underwater was obtained using video analysis. The ABAQUS model was built by varying chain sizes at different impact velocities. The impact pressure and force due to this velocity was related to mooring line impact velocity on the seabed in ANSYS AQWA. Results show the maximum impact pressure of 191 MPa when the 20 mm diameter chain impacts the seabed at the velocity of 8 m/s from video analysis. It was found that the mooring chain impact pressure on the seabed increased with an increase in the velocity of impact and chain size. The ANSYS AQWA impact pressure on the seabed was found to be 170.86 MPa at the impact velocity of 6.4 m/s. The two-point mooring system was found to double the seabed mooring chain contact length compared to the single-point mooring system. Both mooring systems showed that the 14 m vessel mooring line causes the least seabed footprint compared to the 22 m vessel.

Torpedo-shaped anchors serve as foundations for risers and floating structures in the deep-water marine environment. Such cone-tipped, cylindrical steel pipes, ballasted with concrete and scrap metal, penetrate the seabed by the kinetic energy they acquire during free fall. Estimation of the embedment depth is a crucial part of the design process in that the pull-out capacity is strongly dependent on the strength of the surrounding soil. This dissertation presents the development of a procedure based on a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for the prediction of the embedment depth of torpedo anchors. By means of a representation of the soil as a viscous fluid, the CFD model leads not only to the resisting forces on the anchor but the distributions of pressure and shear in the soil as well. These distributions are then imported in another computational tool for finite-element (FE) analysis of coupled deformation and fluid flow in porous media for further simulations of reconsolidation of the soil next to the anchor and, ultimately, short-term and long-term capacity estimation. This dissertation presents CFD results for torpedo-anchor installation in soil, comparisons with experimental data and, finally, results from FE analysis of soil reconsolidation and anchor pull-out. / text

The gradual depletion of shallow water hydrocarbon deposits has forced the offshore oil and gas industry to develop reserves in deeper waters. Dynamically installed anchors have been proposed as a cost-effective anchoring solution for floating offshore structures in deep water environments. The rocket or torpedo shaped anchor is released from a designated drop height above the seafloor and allowed to penetrate the seabed via the kinetic energy gained during free-fall and the anchor’s self weight. Dynamic anchors can be deployed in any water depth and the relatively simple fabrication and installation procedures provide a significant cost saving over conventional deepwater anchoring systems. Despite use in a number of offshore applications, information regarding the geotechnical performance of dynamically installed anchors is scarce. Consequently, this research has focused on establishing an extensive test database through the modelling of the dynamic anchor installation process in the geotechnical centrifuge. The tests were aimed at assessing the embedment depth and subsequent dynamic anchor holding capacity under various loading conditions. Analytical design tools, verified against the experimental database, were developed for the prediction of the embedment depth and holding capacity.

Orientador: Celso Kazuyuki Morooka / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica e Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T17:58:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ChampiFarfan_David_M.pdf: 3228003 bytes, checksum: 8b3ed290e87307aa0cc1afcdd9c2ecf3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Na atualidade as descobertas de óleo a grandes profundidades no mar têm levado ao desenvolvimento de campos localizados numa profundidade aproximada de 3000m, sendo então o sistema de Riser Híbrido Auto-Sustentável uma alternativa atraente. O presente trabalho apresenta os modelos matemáticos que descrevem o comportamento estático e dinâmico de um riser vertical com bóia de sub-superfície nas direções in-line, que é a direção da onda e correnteza no mar, e a direção transversal, perpendicular à direção in-line. Apresentam-se também simulações numéricas em diferentes condições de onda e correnteza e o seu efeito combinado, assim como o estudo paramétrico para as principais variáveis que influenciam no comportamento dinâmico e estático / Abstract: Nowadays, the oil discoveries at big depths in the sea have taken to the development of fields located in an approach depth of 3000m, being the Self Standing Hybrid Riser an attractive alternative. The present work presents the mathematical models that describe the static and dynamic behavior of a Vertical riser with a subsurface buoy in the directions inline, that it is the direction of the wave and currents in the sea, and the transversal, that is perpendicular to the in-line direction. Numerical simulations in different conditions of wave and currents are also presented and its combined effect is studied, as well as the parametric study for the main variable that influences its dynamic and static behavior / Mestrado / Explotação / Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo