To determine professional and educational backgrounds of photography teachers in Texas secondary schools, a questionnaire was sent to all eighty-seven. Sixty-five responded. The study found that the majority (a) were not certified to teach industrial arts as required by the state; (b) taught only three classes of photography; (c) did not handle publication photography; (d) had less than the required twelve hours of photography education; (e) had some professional experience; and (f) planned to continue their photography education although their school systems did not require it. The study (a) concluded that students receive a basic, technical education in photography, but the program suffers from lack of money and administrative support; (b) recommended that the state agency reevaluate its approach to and implementation of the program.

The thesis "A content analysis of photographs in Pestry tyden and LIFE magazine" analyses two successful magazines of the first half of the 20th century. Intentionally, two periodicals of different origin (Czechoslovakia and the United States) are compared to investigate the assumption that the different origin has major influence on the overall concept and focus of the periodicals. The subject of this study is the selection of volumes of 1937-1945, the period of the greatest success of both magazines. The study aims not only at describing the contents of the periodicals but also at situating them into social, political and art-historical context. The study is based on a theoretical part which gives a general overview of photojournalism and tracks the slow beginning of journalistic photography and the birth of the first illustrated magazines. This part also deals with technological development which made possible quality image journalism. The study does not leave out numerous restrictions, e. g. censorship, which were a frequent point of struggle for the magazines' authors. Key words: illustrated magazines, magazine photography, photojournalism, documentary photography, war photography, censorship, propaganda

Esta dissertação visa investigar o circuito fotográfico paulistano da década de 1970 a partir das matérias publicadas no jornal O Estado de S. Paulo. Esta fonte mostrou-se particularmente propícia para o estudo do intenso processo de transformação pelo qual passou a fotografia no período. O objetivo não é reconstituir os eventos passados descritos nas matérias, mas antes, defender a hipótese de que é possível identificar uma cultura fotográfica paulistana característica da década de 1970 que viria a ter importantes desdobramentos nos anos seguintes. Os textos analisados foram reunidos em quatro núcleos temáticos representativos dos discursos a respeito da fotografia proferidos pelos agentes que atuavam no jornal, a saber: a história da fotografia no Brasil, a identidade da fotografia brasileira, o estabelecimento do mercado fotográfico e a constituição de uma crítica especializada. Tais textos são examinados em sua natureza discursiva, levando-se em conta não apenas os seus conteúdos informativos, mas a forma como foram escritos e a autoridade que detinham os seus autores. Para tanto são considerados os consensos, as tensões e as disputas materializadas nos discursos veiculados nas páginas de um influente veículo da grande imprensa e o modo como chegavam ao público não especializado. O resultado dessa pesquisa contribui para o entendimento de um período em que a fotografia expandiu-se de forma até então inédita no Brasil e que constitui um passado recente ainda pouco estudado. / This dissertation aims to investigate the São Paulo photographic circuit of the 1970s from the articles published in the newspaper O Estado de S. Paulo. This source proved to be particularly conducive to study of the intense transformation process through which the photograph passed in the period. The objective is not to reconstitute past events described in the stories, but rather to defend the hypothesis that it is possible to identify a photographic culture typical of the 1970s that would have important developments in the following years. The texts analyzed were grouped in four thematic nuclei, representative of the speeches about photography by the agents who worked in the newspaper, namely: the history of photography in Brazil, the identity of Brazilian photography, the establishment of the photographic market and the constitution of a specialized criticism. Such texts are examined in their discursive nature, taking into account not only their informative contents but the way they were written and the authority held by their authors. For this, the consensuses, tensions and disputes materialized in the speeches on the pages of an influential vehicle of the great press and the way in which they were received by the non-specialized public are taken into account. The result of this research contributes to the understanding of a period in which photography has expanded in a way previously unpublished in Brazil and that constitutes a recent past still little investigated.

(EN) The thesis was created as an analysis of the applied photography of Jan Svoboda (1934-1990). The czech art photographer whose work concludes, next to his own fine-art photographs, amount of documentary pictures of his contemporary art colleagues. Based on an inside view of his fine-art works consisting mostly of still-lifes it became possible to re-analyze large quantity of found material of his so called art reproduction photography which follows the very same principles of his own artwork. The analysis focuses only on documentation of three dimensional pieces of work. Resulting conclusion shows Jan Svoboda as an actual creative competitor of the documented artist's work. By his act of opening a dialog with the documented art piece which leads to a photograph that might have been often considered as an abuse of the particular art piece for the sake of formal qualities of Svoboda's work. The last part of the thesis aims to briefly reveal worldwide context of photographers documenting art pieces with emphasis on the medium of photography and therefore often surpassing demand for faithful depiction of the art object.

Esta dissertação visa investigar o circuito fotográfico paulistano da década de 1970 a partir das matérias publicadas no jornal O Estado de S. Paulo. Esta fonte mostrou-se particularmente propícia para o estudo do intenso processo de transformação pelo qual passou a fotografia no período. O objetivo não é reconstituir os eventos passados descritos nas matérias, mas antes, defender a hipótese de que é possível identificar uma cultura fotográfica paulistana característica da década de 1970 que viria a ter importantes desdobramentos nos anos seguintes. Os textos analisados foram reunidos em quatro núcleos temáticos representativos dos discursos a respeito da fotografia proferidos pelos agentes que atuavam no jornal, a saber: a história da fotografia no Brasil, a identidade da fotografia brasileira, o estabelecimento do mercado fotográfico e a constituição de uma crítica especializada. Tais textos são examinados em sua natureza discursiva, levando-se em conta não apenas os seus conteúdos informativos, mas a forma como foram escritos e a autoridade que detinham os seus autores. Para tanto são considerados os consensos, as tensões e as disputas materializadas nos discursos veiculados nas páginas de um influente veículo da grande imprensa e o modo como chegavam ao público não especializado. O resultado dessa pesquisa contribui para o entendimento de um período em que a fotografia expandiu-se de forma até então inédita no Brasil e que constitui um passado recente ainda pouco estudado. / This dissertation aims to investigate the São Paulo photographic circuit of the 1970s from the articles published in the newspaper O Estado de S. Paulo. This source proved to be particularly conducive to study of the intense transformation process through which the photograph passed in the period. The objective is not to reconstitute past events described in the stories, but rather to defend the hypothesis that it is possible to identify a photographic culture typical of the 1970s that would have important developments in the following years. The texts analyzed were grouped in four thematic nuclei, representative of the speeches about photography by the agents who worked in the newspaper, namely: the history of photography in Brazil, the identity of Brazilian photography, the establishment of the photographic market and the constitution of a specialized criticism. Such texts are examined in their discursive nature, taking into account not only their informative contents but the way they were written and the authority held by their authors. For this, the consensuses, tensions and disputes materialized in the speeches on the pages of an influential vehicle of the great press and the way in which they were received by the non-specialized public are taken into account. The result of this research contributes to the understanding of a period in which photography has expanded in a way previously unpublished in Brazil and that constitutes a recent past still little investigated.

Enact in Disappearance excavates the unseen through the medium of photography in order to chart a new strategy for knowing and communing with a complicated world.

Naryškin Romanas, Socialinis portretas Lietuvos fotografijoje, fotografijų ciklas „Nebūtini“: Audiovizualinio meno studijų bakalauro baigiamasis darbas / vadovas A. Uogintas; Šiaulių Universitetas, Menų fakultetas, Dailės katedra. Šiauliai, 2014 m. 43 p. Bakalauro darbe nagrinėjamas socialinis portretas fotografijoje pirmiausiai aptariant dokumentinę, tuomet – socialinę dokumentinę fotografiją, kalbama apie jos ištakas Lietuvoje remiantis Margaritos Matulytės teorine ţiūra. Kūrybiniam darbui išskiriama konkreti socialinės atskirties grupė – benamiai-elgetos, apibrėţiama benamystė kaip socialinė problema, trumpai apţvelgiama jos raida. Pirmame skyriuje apibrėţiama dokumentinė ir socialinė dokumentinė fotografija. Šių dviejų teorinių apybraiţų pagalba yra apibrėţiama socialinio portreto sąvoka, kadangi socialinis portretas iš esmės yra neatskiriama socialinės dokumentinės, o todėl ir dokumentinės fotografijos dalis. Išskiriami socialinio portreto bruoţai remiantis ankstyvaisiais socialinės dokumentinės fotografijos kūrėjų darbais. Antrame skyriuje aptariamas socialinis portretas pasirinkto socialinės dokumentinės fotografijos atstovo, Antano Sutkaus, kūryboje. Nagrinėjamas šio autoriaus portretų psichologiškumas bei braiţas, taip pat tokį braiţą įtakoję veiksniai, paminėti pirmąjame skyriuje. Trečiame skyriuje kalbama apie kūrybinį darba, fotografijų serija „Nebūtini“. Pirmiausiai aptariamos ir pagrįstai sugretinamos benamio ir elgetos sąvokos šio darbo kontekste, tuomet... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Naryškin Romanas, Social portrait in Lithuanian photography, photographic series „The Unnecessary“. Closing Bachelor„s work of multimedia art studies / lecturer A. Uogintas; Šiauliai University, Faculty of Arts, Art Department. Šiauliai 2014, 43 pages. In this Bachelor„s work the author is looking into social portrait photography by first of all discussing documentary photography, and then social-documentary photography as social portraiture is an inseparable part of these two similar genres. Further on the origins of social documentary photography is discussed based on M. Matulytė„s theoretical work on the subject. For the creative part of the work, a specific group of social isolation is chosen (homeless people) and its relevance as that of a social problem is explained with a short overview of the development of the said social problem. The first part touches the suject of both documentary and social documentary photography as a context for the theory on social portraiture, definition of which is then based on the mentioned genres. The similarities and differences between the genres are pointed out. The second part contains an overview of social-psichological portraiture in the works of Antanas Sutkus with detailed analysis of the psichological aspect of his portraits as well as general features peviously described in the social portrait definition. The third part is dedicated to the creative project of the Bachelor„s work. Choice of subject is explained through short... [to full text]

The impacts of climate change on temperate forests are predicted to accelerate, with widespread implications for forest biodiversity and function. Remote sensing has provided insights into regional patterns of vegetation dynamics, and experimental studies have demonstrated impacts of specific changes on individual species. However, forests are diverse and complex ecosystems. To understand how different species in different forests respond to interacting environmental pressures, widespread ground-based monitoring is needed. The only practical way to achieve this is through the involvement of non-professional researchers, i.e., with citizen science. However, many techniques used to identify subtle changes in forests require expensive equipment and professional expertise. This thesis aimed to identify practical methods for citizen scientists to collect useful data on forest ecosystem dynamics in relation to climate change. Methods for monitoring tree phenology and canopy-understorey interactions were the main focus, as tree phenology exerts strong control on understorey light and forest biodiversity, and is already responding to climate change. The response of understorey vegetation to canopy closure in four woodlands from a single region of England (Devon) was examined in detail. These geographically close woodlands differed considerably in their composition and seasonal dynamics. The spring period was particularly important for herb-layer development, and small variations in canopy openness had important effects on herb-layer cover and composition. This work highlights the need to monitor a range of different woodlands at the regional scale, with sufficient resolution to pick up small but crucial differences through time. Citizen scientists could help to collect such data by monitoring herb-layer cover and changes in the abundance of key species, alongside monitoring the overstorey canopy. The spring leaf phenology of four canopy trees (ash, beech, oak and sycamore) were monitored intensively in one woodland using a range of methods: counts, percentage estimates and photography. First budburst and leaf expansion dates were compared with estimates of leaf expansion timing and rate, derived from time-series data using logistic growth models. Frequently used first-event dates were potentially misleading due to high variation in leaf development rates within and between species. Percentage estimates and counts produced similar estimates of leaf expansion timing and rate. A photo-derived greenness index produced similar estimates of timing, but not rate, and was compromised by practical issues of photographing individual crowns in closed canopy woodland. Citizen science should collect time-series data instead of frequently-used first event dates―visual observations offer the most practical way to do this, but further work is needed to test reliability with citizen scientists. Given high intra- and inter-species variation in tree phenology, whole forest canopies need to be monitored to infer canopy closure timing. Canopy openness was assessed using sophisticated hemispherical photography and a range of low-cost alternatives, across four Devon woodlands over a year. Visual estimates and ordinary photography were too coarse to identify fine-scale variation in canopies. Smartphone fisheye photography analysed with free software was identified as a reliable surrogate for estimating relative, though not absolute, canopy openness. The method has high potential as a citizen science tool, as different phone models and users gave similar canopy openness estimates. In a detailed follow-up study, smartphone fisheye photography, hemispherical photography and visual observations of leaf expansion were used every other day to characterise spring canopy development. Logistic growth models estimated canopy closure timing and rate. Visual observations identified much earlier canopy development than either photographic method. Smartphone fisheye photography performed comparably to hemispherical photography. There is good potential for practical application of smartphone fisheye photography, as similar canopy closure estimates were gained from photos taken once every two weeks. The research in this thesis identifies a range of methods suitable for widespread monitoring of forest ecosystem dynamics in relation to climate change. Developing a smartphone app for automatic analysis and submission of canopy images will be an important next step to enabling widespread use. A pilot project is underway to begin testing methods with citizen scientists. Further research into data quality with citizen scientists is needed before the methods can be rolled out widely with confidence.

Orientador: Iara Lis Franco Schiavinatto / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T03:28:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zerwes_ErikaCazzonatto_D.pdf: 135961071 bytes, checksum: 0e115495780a66794d440c993d293a3f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Este trabalho enfoca as fotografias de guerra dos fotógrafos David Seymour, George Rodger, Henri Cartier-Bresson e Robert Capa no período anterior à fundação da agência Magnum. Naquele momento eles estavam envolvidos em uma cultura política determinada, os círculos de esquerda e anti-fascistas europeus, e esta filiação política fez parte do desenvolvimento de uma linguagem visual nova. Assim, suas fotografias de guerra construíram bases para uma linguagem fotográfica que intentava comunicar o que acreditavam serem realidades políticas e sociais, impactadas ao mesmo tempo que impactando uma cultura visual e uma cultura política; estabelecendo ao mesmo tempo um modelo para a profissão de repórter fotográfico. Deste modo, o Capítulo 1 se volta para os primeiros meses da Guerra Civil Espanhola, em que um ímpeto revolucionário pautou as reportagens de Chim, Capa e Cartier-Bresson para a imprensa de esquerda francesa. No Capítulo 2 busca-se discutir como o fazer fotográfico e a estética desenvolvidos por eles são ao mesmo tempo tributários e rompedores de uma certa tradição, impactando a cultura visual em especial por meio das imagens ícones. O terceiro Capítulo procura marcar as diferentes formas de narrativa, seus desenvolvimentos e limites, e como o ganho de controle sobre esta narrativa, assim como a glamourização destes fotógrafos, auxiliaram a concepção e concretização da agência / Abstract: This work focuses on David Seymour's, George Rodger's, Henri Cartier-Bresson's and Robert Capa's war photographs prior to the foundation of Magnum agency. At that moment they were involved in a determined political culture, European left and antifascists circles, and this political allegiance became part of the development of a new visual language. Their war photographs built the foundation for a new photographic language which intended to communicate what they believed to be social and political realities, impacted by and at the same time impacting a visual and a political culture, as well as establishing a model for the photographic reporter profession. Chapter 1 refers to the first months of the Spanish Civil War, when the revolutionary momentum marked Chim's, Capa's and Cartier-Bresson's histories for the French left magazines. Chapter 2 intends to discuss how the photographic practice and the aesthetics developed by them are in some ways part of a tradition and in some ways new, impacting the visual culture especially through the icon images. Chapter 3 intends to stress the different narrative forms, its developments and limits, and how the narrative control gain as well as the photographers' glamorization helped the agency's conception and establishment / Doutorado / Politica, Memoria e Cidade / Doutora em História

Cette thèse est consacrée aux questions de réception et d'institutionnalisation de la photographie documentaire et de la photographie de reportage à partir de 1937 jusqu'aux années 1970 au Museum of Modem Art (MoMA) de New York. Le premier chapitre revient sur la genèse et les enjeux de l'instauration de la straight photography comme canon d’une tradition esthétisante du médium et éclaire l’influence de la critique formaliste dans l'émergence d'un modernisme documentaire, exemplifié par la production de Walker Evans. De nombreux photographes dont les pratiques ne correspondaient pas aux idéaux de perfection technique de la straight photography ont de exclus des circuits de légitimation institutionnelle, en particulier les membres de la Photo League de New York. La photographie documentaire urbaine, développée en dehors de la doxa moderniste, fait l'objet du deuxième chapitre de cette étude. A. cet égard, une attention particulière est consacrée à l'œuvre critique d'Elizabeth McCausland, principale porte-parole de la fonction sociale de la photographie. Le troisième chapitre se concentre sur la période de l’après-guerre. Dans ce nouveau contexte, les Américains sont à la recherche de nouveaux canons artistiques, qu'ils trouvent dans la photographie de reportage française, dont Henri Cartier-Bresson représente le chef de file. Ce chapitre dévoile les intérêts diplomatiques du modernisme dans les échanges transatlantiques avec la France, ainsi que ses intérêts économique à travers l'exemple d'André Kertész dont l'exposition au MoMA suscite l'envol de sa cote sur le marché naissant de la photographie dans les années 1970. / This thesis is dedicated to questions of reception and institutionalization of documentary photography and reportage photography from 1937 through to the 1970s at the New York Museum of Modern Art (MoMA). The first chapter looks at the development and objectives of the advent of straight photography as a canon or an aestheticizing tradition of the medium, and sheds light on the influence of formalist criticism in the emergence of a form of documentary modernism, exemplified by the works of Walker Evans. Many photographers whose practices do not correspond to the ideals of technical perfection of straight photography were excluded from the circuits of institutional legitimization, particularly the members of the New York Photo League, Urban documentary photography, developed outside of the modernist doxa will be the subject of the second chapter of this study. In this respect, particular attention is paid to the critical work of Elizabeth McCausland, a major spokesperson for the social function of photography. The third chapter focuses on the post-war period. ln this new context. The Americans were looking for new artistic canons, which they found in French reportage photography, with Henri Cartier-Bresson leading the fray. Finally, this chapter reveals the diplomatic interests of modernism in Transatlantic exchanges with France, as well as its economic interests, taking André Kertész, as an example, whose exhibition at MoMA caused his works to suddenly rise in value on the inchoate photography market of the 1970s.