La diffusione di Internet e delle Nuove Tecnologie nella vita quotidiana ha offerto la possibilità agli utenti di costruire liberamente diversi profili, anche protetti dall’anonimato. Molti autori si sono interessati del rapporto tra immagine online e Identità e il dibattito ha spostato il focus da un concetto monolitico di Identità all’adozione di una prospettiva dialogica. La domanda di ricerca nasce dall’esigenza di chiarire come si prenda forma online e quanto queste parziali presentazioni si discostino dalle immagini create durante le interazioni faccia a faccia. La ricerca si basa su una proposta teorica focalizzata sui concetti di Soggettività (parziale immagine di sé adattata alle condizioni contestuali) e Intersoggettività (dimensione polilogica entro la quale gli interlocutori negoziano le proprie immagini). Dopo aver costruito un sistema di categorie con cui analizzare la comunicazione via chatline (primo studio), il secondo e il terzo studio, invece, sono incentrati sulla variabilità, sull’adattabilità e sulla natura connettiva della Soggettività. I risultati mostrano che la Soggettività è in grado di adattarsi alle condizioni contestuali facendo emergere un’immagine parziale, ma specifica che è frutto dell’interazione con l’interlocutore. Adattabilità e parzialità non sono necessariamente segni di instabilità, ma costituiscono un strumento con cui evitare un rapporto rigido con la realtà. / The increased use of Internet and New Technologies gives the possibility to users to create many real or anonymous, images/profiles. Scholars have been studying the correlation between Identity and the online profiles, and are shifting from the concept of Identity in to a dialogic perspective. The aim of this study is to understand how users present their selves in online environments and if these partial images are so different compared to face to face interactions’ ones. This work is based on a new theoretical proposal based on two concepts: Subjetivity (partial presentation of the Self adapted to external conditions) and Intersubjectivity (dialogical/polilogical dimension in which interlocutors negotiate their subjectivities). A codebook for the analysis of communication via chat line was created in the first study. The second and the third studies are focused on the adapting and connectivistic nature of Subjectivity; results show how users are able to present strategically their selves thanks to negotiation with interlocutors. Adaptability is not necessary a sign of instability, it is a just tool to improve a good relations with ever changing reality.

This dissertation was a mixed methods triangulation design combining quantitative and qualitative components. The purpose of this study was twofold. First, it examined the association between the frequency and quality of students’ online interactions with instructors and the quality of student-instructor relationship. Second, this study explored the meanings of student-instructor interactions mediated by online tools. Quantitative data were collected via an online survey from 320 undergraduate students enrolled at a public research university. Qualitative data sources were in-depth interviews with six undergraduate students and six professors, observations of student-instructor interactions on Facebook, and artifacts of student-instructor interaction via email. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that approximately one third of the variance in student-instructor connectedness was explained by the frequency of and satisfaction with face-to-face, email, Blackboard, and Facebook; the grade obtained in the class; and demographic variables. Significant predictors of connectedness were grade, frequency of face-to-face student interest-driven communication, satisfaction with the face-to-face interactions, and satisfaction with the email communication. The qualitative findings revealed that instructors held expectations of formal communication for email interactions, while students had expectations for response from instructors within one-two business days. The email practices identified for instructors included responding to student email within two days; compensating for limited face-to-face time; engaging students in communication about the class content; and dealing with student disengagement. Students adopted two main practices related to email: avoiding “emergency” emails to contact instructors, and using email to avoid face-to-face contact in some situations. For Facebook interactions, instructors expected that students initiate connections, while students expected that instructors signal their availability for connection with students. Instructors’ Facebook practices pointed out different approaches for accepting student friend requests; and performing interactions. Students’ practices on Facebook highlighted two patterns: initiating connections with instructors during the semester versus at the beginning of the semester. In addition, preserving connections beyond the boundaries of a class was a practice common to students and instructors.

This applied dissertation was designed to provide better access to current information for best practices in kindergarten to Grade 12 (K-12) online learning. Virtual schooling is becoming a mainstream option for high school students, especially when some courses are not offered in every traditional school. Despite its increased popularity, very few studies had been conducted in K-12 virtual schooling. There was a need for more research based on the perspectives of adolescent students to understand the importance of quality interactions that can bridge the psychological and communications gap that may result when the learner and teacher are separated by time and distance. A quantitative study was conducted at a district-level high school located in the southeastern area of Florida to understand the relationship between adolescent students’ perceptions of the quality and level of learner-teacher, learner-learner, and learner-content interactions; academic achievement; and satisfaction in an online course. Transactional distance theory was used to explain if the quality interactions utilizing synchronous and asynchronous tools have the potential to increase the dialogue within this online course, thereby, reducing the transactional distance. Data was gathered by using a nonexperimental, self-reported, Web-based interaction preferences survey of approximately 50 high school students. Descriptive and nonparametric inferential statistical methods were used to guide, interpret, and analyze students’ responses from this survey.

The use of the Internet has increased exponentially over the last decade. Individuals across all continents are progressively engaging in cyberspace interactions at work, in education, and for leisure. These online interactions, unconstrained by the limitations of corporeal reality, offer the potential for unique presentations of the self. The general aim of the research described in this thesis was to examine self-presentation in cyberspace. The research focused on MOOs, multi-user, text-based, user-extensible online environments, as a likely site for identity experimentation and play in cyberspace. Two studies are described. In the first quantitative study, 75 university students logged on to the front page of a social MOO where they selected a screen name, chose their gender, and provided a character description. As hypothesised, self-presentations were more likely to be based on actual identity rather than hoped for or feared selves. Contrary to expectation, little evidence was found of gender play. Self-presentations were typically positively biased and results suggested that players also perceived themselves more positively in the online context. Although sex and age were generally unrelated to self-presentation strategies, previous online experience, ethnicity, and personality profiles helped to explain self-presentation behaviour. / A qualitative study of a further 20 students in an educational MOO explored players understanding of their initial self-presentational choices and their management of these self-presentations over a 12-week period. Findings from the second study were consistent with the results from the first quantitative study and confirmed a strong desire for authentic self-presentation. Despite this emphasis on authenticity, the intention to play with identity was manifest in the form of selective self-disclosure, fantasy play, and exaggeration of traits. Participants also reported behaving in less inhibited ways online. A low incidence of gender play was noted. The overt identity play assumed by the cyberspace literature was not found in either study. Rather self-presentation in the online context appears to be governed by essentially similar processes to those that shape self-presentation in the offline world. The implications of the findings for teaching and learning, particularly for educators who want to use MOOs for identity experimentation, are discussed.

The purpose of this thesis is to describe the key aspects of the surveillance in the contemporary social media reality. It aims to take note of the basic approaches and theories in the field of surveillance and tries to fully describe and understand the impact of the - so called social media in the (post) modern situation, using the position of the interdisciplinary field of Surveillance studies, and also the works of M. Foucault, G. Deleuze etc., with the emphasis put on the theoretical and practical aspects of surveillance and monitoring of the modern media reality. The work also aims to bring balanced, sometimes critical view on the contemporary means of online communication and the tools, or means, that can be used to monitor the users of the internet - with, or without their consent or notion. Key words Surveillance studies, surveillance, media, online interactions, interactivity, social media, marketing

Pourquoi publier un article d'actualité sur son mur Facebook ? Que signifie ce geste par rapport à d'autres formes d'interaction? Et qu'est-ce qu'apporte cette pratique aux multiples prises de la réception des médias? Cette recherche s'intéresse à l'activité de partage d'information en ligne, c'est-à-dire aux interactions numériques qui recourent à une information. Si les artefacts du web semblent généraliser le partage comme expression, force est de constater que les médias ne peuvent observer qu'une faible activité autour de leurs contenus. Le partage d'information n'est que la partie émergée de l'iceberg des sociabilités et des pratiques médiatiques. Un focus est réalisé sur les pratiques juvéniles. Les adolescents rappellent la prédominance du cadre interactionnel sur Facebook et expliquent que le dispositif permet de nombreuses stratégies. Dans ce contexte, les actualités ne trouvent une place qu'à condition d'avoir un sens social. Partager une information revient à dire sa réception du contenu, c'est du moins comme cela que le geste est lu. Enfin, cette recherche utilise les traces Facebook d'un large échantillon d'enquêtés grâce à l'application Algopol. Les médias forment une référence limitée mais stable parmi les liens publiés par les internautes. Les individus partagent de préférence certaines sources de médias, reproduisant en ligne des références a priori acquises hors ligne. Les enquêtés qui citent le même type de contenus ont de plus des similitudes sociodémographiques. Le partage d'information en ligne se développe à partir des pratiques médiatiques dans l'interstice des relations, entre exploration personnelle et réception des informations. / Why do people post news on Facebook? What does a post mean compared to other forms ofexpression? And how does this activity contribute to media appropriation? This research focuses on sharing news, meaning an online interaction which uses information. This activity seems to be the social solution to supporting a person's online exploration. “Who shares what with whom?” is the question asked in this research through multiple approaches, both qualitative and quantitative. The first part is an exploration of online artefacts, counts of what media was shared online, and a few interviews. These diverse points of view show that sharing news enhances public expression of information, but only for some users. Sharing news is a limited part of online media consumption and online interaction. The second part of the research looks in detail at teenagers’ practices on Facebook. For young people on Facebook, all expression has to be social and online artefacts are a way to tell somebody one's position on an issue or on a relationship. News may be there to open interactions. The last part of the research deals with a large dataset of individual Facebook data, available thanks to Algopol Application. Analysis of the diversity of publications shows that the news people share online takes into account their offline media preferences and social activities. Sharing news is an online way of expression based on informations’ reception.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-06-20T12:22:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Quiona Norberto Santos.pdf: 830285 bytes, checksum: 7e1d5c4860eee0b821c840656e785fbc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-20T12:22:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Quiona Norberto Santos.pdf: 830285 bytes, checksum: 7e1d5c4860eee0b821c840656e785fbc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research addresses the dynamics of cultural consumption in Brazil through appropriations that occur during interactions between digital natives in the network environment. In specific terms, it is the consumption and the global spread of local cultures through cultural products exchanged in the course of the online communications of that group. The corpus of this research is Hallyu 2.0, that is to say, the "second wave" of international popularization of South Korean culture via the Internet in the late 2000’s, with its exponent the contemporary musical genre, K-pop. Thus, one wonders how the spread of local cultures on a planetary level occurs and what the contribution of the digital natives in this process. In general terms, the scope of the study is to understand the role of virtual interactions among digital natives in the said dynamics. It is believed that these young people propagate the local cultural product of esteem so that it gains the essential media visibility to avoid its symbolic extinction. In order to elucidate the object, the views of Trivinho (1998, 2007, 2010, 2012), Jenkins (2006, 2012), Jenkins, Green and Ford (2014), Dijck and Nieborg (2009), Prensky (2001), Tapscott (1998, 2010), Buckingham (2011, 2013), de Lee Seung (2015), Choi (2015) e KOCIS (2011). Methodologically, the theoretical-empirical perspective based on a bibliographical research destined to the construction of the theoretical reference pertinent to the object is chosen for the study; also, an immersion into the digital platforms YouTube, Facebook, Viki and fan sites, in order to consolidate an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon / O presente Projeto de Pesquisa aborda a dinâmica do consumo cultural realizado no Brasil por meio de apropriações que ocorrem nas interações entre os nativos digitais no ambiente da rede. Em termos específicos, trata-se do consumo e da propagação global de culturas locais por meio de produtos culturais permutados no decorrer das comunicações online desse grupo. Para tanto, como corpus de pesquisa, analisa-se a Hallyu 2.0, isto é a “segunda onda” de popularização internacional da cultura sul-coreana via internet, no fim da década de 2000, tendo como seu expoente o gênero musical contemporâneo jovem, K-pop. Assim, interroga-se como ocorre a disseminação de culturas locais em nível planetário e qual a contribuição dos nativos digitais nesse processo. Em linhas gerais, o escopo do estudo consiste em compreender o papel das interações virtuais entre os nativos digitais na referida dinâmica. Acredita-se que esses jovens propagam o produto cultural local de estima a fim de que este ganhe a visibilidade mediática essencial para evitar sua extinção simbólica. No intuito de elucidar o objeto, privilegiam-se as visões de Trivinho (1998, 2007, 2010, 2012), Jenkins (2006, 2012), Jenkins, Green e Ford (2014), Dijck e Nieborg (2009), Prensky (2001a, 2001b, 2011), Tapscott (1998, 2010), Buckingham (2011, 2013) de Lee Seung (2015), Choi (2015) e KOCIS (2011). Metodologicamente, elege-se para o estudo a perspectiva teórico-empírica baseada em pesquisa bibliográfica destinada à construção do referencial teórico pertinente ao objeto e em imersão nas plataformas “sociais” da rede YouTube, Facebook, Viki e sites de fãs, a fim de consolidar-se uma compreensão aprofundada sobre o fenômeno

Submitted by Clebson Anjos (clebson.leandro54@gmail.com) on 2016-02-16T18:57:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3221315 bytes, checksum: 94313947399127dabbb2e2accdc35325 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-16T18:57:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3221315 bytes, checksum: 94313947399127dabbb2e2accdc35325 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The development of studies on education distance learning courses or e-learning, have become common in the current academic-scientific assumption, as the increasing number of courses in this category of education and the possibilities of collaboration between participants brought by the Environment Virtual Learning (AVA). Online discussions established make students engaged in the sharing of information and knowledge, in order to establish prospects for interaction with other students. In this sense, this work aims to investigate the potential generated by the use of Social Network Analysis techniques (ARS) applied to the analysis of the interactions between students of a distance learning course that establish communication in online discussion forums, to ascertain patterns of interaction that may have influence on student learning. The results show that by applying the degree of centrality metrics, centrality intermediation and closeness centrality related to student achievement express a linear correlation between such variables, showing a trend in the performance of the same throughout the course in order to provide teachers information to support the development of strategies for monitoring and management of student learning in distance learning courses. / O desenvolvimento de estudos referentes a cursos de educação à distância, ou E-Learning, têm se tornado frequentes no cenário acadêmico-científico atual, visto o número crescente de cursos ministrados nessa categoria de ensino e as possibilidades de colaboração entre os participantes interposto pelos Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem (AVA). As discussões online estabelecidas tornam os alunos engajados na partilha da informação e do conhecimento, de modo a estabelecer perspectivas de interação com outros alunos. Neste sentido, esta dissertação visa investigar o potencial gerado pelo uso de técnicas de Análise de Redes Sociais (ARS) aplicado à análise das interações entre alunos de um curso à distância que estabelecem comunicação em fóruns de discussão online, a fim de conhecer padrões de interação que podem ter influência na aprendizagem do aluno. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que através da aplicação das métricas de centralidade de grau, centralidade de intermediação e centralidade de proximidade relacionadas com o desempenho do aluno é obtida uma correlação linear entre tais variáveis, demonstrando uma tendência no desempenho do aluno ao longo do curso, de forma a propiciar aos professores informações de apoio ao desenvolvimento de estratégias para monitoramento e gerenciamento da aprendizagem de alunos em cursos a distância.

How do highly motivated teachers from different schools collaborate? We formed a hybrid PLC that included face-to-face meetings and online interactions to improve student learning.

L’étude de la rétroaction corrective constitue un enjeu important dans la recherche en didactique des langues et a été en partie renouvelée par l’utilisation des technologies. Or, peu de recherches se sont penchées sur la manière dont les enseignants fournissent une rétroaction corrective sur la production orale des apprenants lors d’interactions en ligne. C’est pourquoi nous nous proposons d’analyser six semaines d’interactions entre des apprentis enseignants en formation dans un master de didactique de français langue étrangère (désormais FLE) d’une université française (Lyon 2) et des apprenants de FLE d’une université étrangère (DCU). Notre étude relevant d’une recherche qualitative s’appuie un corpus complexe comprenant des interactions en ligne transcrites et annotées au moyen du logiciel ELAN, des bilans multimodaux réalisés par les enseignants et les discours des participants. Nous avons analysé ces données dans une perspective multimodale selon laquelle toutes les ressources sémiotiques contribuent à produire du sens, sans hiérarchisation de celles-ci a priori. En somme, ce travail vise à étudier les effets de la multimodalité sur la manière dont les apprentis enseignants et les apprenants coconstruisent les séquences de rétroactions correctives en ligne afin, dans un deuxième temps, de faire des propositions didactiques pour la formation. / This work aims to analyze six weeks of videoconferenced pedagogical interaction between trainee teachers enrolled in a master's degree in teaching French as a foreign language (FLE) at a French university (Lyon 2) and learners of French at a foreign university (Dublin City University). Corrective feedback is an important issue in foreign language pedagogy, renewed by the use of technologies. However, there has been little research on how teachers provide corrective feedback on learners' oral production in online interactions. Our qualitative study is based on the analysis of ecological data, organized into a complex corpus of video interactions transcribed and annotated using the ELAN software. We observed multimodal assessments made by the teachers, as well as participants' commentary containing their perception of the corrective feedback. We analyzed these data from a multimodal perspective according to which all the semiotic resources contribute to make meaning without automatically prioritizing one mode over another. In sum, this work aims to understand how teachers and learners co-construct corrective feedback sequences. We also want to update the effects of multimodality on the interactions in order to make pedagogical proposals for the training of future teachers of French as a foreign language.