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Introduction: Root resorption is an undesired but frequent side effect of orthodontic treatment. Several studies have already aimed to evaluate the performance of CBCT on this topic. However, none have addressed the peculiarities of the most common daily orthodontic scenario. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of CBCT scans on the diagnosis of artificial external root resorption in the apical third of anterior teeth. Materials and methods: One hundred extracted human anterior teeth were randomly assigned to 2 uneven groups (51 as the control and 49 as the experimental group). A limited area of the apical third of the root of the teeth of the experimental group was selected and a buffer solution was used to induce tooth subsurface demineralization. Before CBCT image acquisition, each tooth was coated with an approximately 0.3 mm thick layer of utility wax to simulate the radiographic appearance of the periodontal space and placed into an empty mandibular anterior socket of a partially edentulous dry human mandible. The mandible was placed into a polystyrene box filled with water prior to the CBCT examination to simulate soft-tissue attenuation and scattering. The CBCT images were obtained on an i-CAT unit (i-CAT Next Generation, Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, PA) according to three protocols: (I) half scan (180°), 0.40 mm voxel size; (II) full scan (360°), 0.40 mm voxel size; and (III) full scan (360°), 0.125 mm voxel size. The 300 resultant CBCT DICOM volumes were imported into InVivo software (InVivo5, Anatomage, San Jose, CA) for evaluation by three blinded, previously calibrated observers using a five-point confidence rating scale. Cohen’s kappa was used to calculate observers’ agreement. The diagnostic values of sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp) and accuracy (Ac) were performed by pooling observer responses for every image modality. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were built and the areas under the curve (AUC) were calculated. The Sn, Sp and Ac values were compared by Cochran’s Q test. The AUC values were compared by Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The observers’ agreement ranged from 0.63 to 0.71, which was interpreted as a substantial agreement. Protocol III (0.125 mm voxel size) displayed the highest Sn (81.63 %), Ac (80.67%) and AUC (0.807). There were statistically significant differences between protocol III and the other two protocols (p < 0.001). The specificity of protocol I (84.97 %) was greater than that of protocols II (69.93 %) and III (79.74 %); however statistically significant difference was only found between protocols I and II (p = 0.005). Conclusion: Although there was no difference in accuracy between the degrees of rotation (half and full scan) within the same voxel size (0.4 mm), there was a considerable difference between those and the smallest voxel size (0.125 mm). In fact, it may be suggested that a more dedicated, high resolution scan should be acquired when one intends to investigate the early stage of external root resorption during orthodontic treatment.

Evalúa la técnica de Electrocauterio como alternativa para tratamiento de pulpotomía y sus beneficios. La atención de tratamiento integral en sala de operaciones en paciente de 6 años del Servicio de Cardiología del INSN, con Diagnostico de Endocarditis bacteriana, se realizó dos pulpotomias en dientes deciduos con electrocauterio, se colocó base Oxido de Zinc + Eugenol, luego se colocó Ionómero de vidrio y resina fotocurable con técnica incremental. La respuesta de las piezas tratadas con Electrocauterio fue favorable clínica y radiográficamente. Se concluye que al considerar al Electrocauterio como tratamiento no farmacológico alternativo. / Trabajo académico

Da a conocer la conducta de mayor prevalencia ante el dolor dental y su relación el nivel socioecónomico - cultural de los pobladores del distrito de Juliaca - Puno. El estudio es descriptivo, de corte transversal. Se encuestaron a 383 pobladores de diferentes comunidades de Juliaca. Los resultados indican la comprobación de la hipótesis formulada a través de las prueba de Chi cuadrado de Pearson (P= 0.033), se encontró que la conducta de mayor prevalencia para controlar el dolor dentario es la automedicación farmacológica (42.3%%). Se concluye que existe una relación significativa entre el tipo de conducta más frecuente para controlar el dolor dental (Automedicación farmacológica) y el nivel socioeconómico-cultural, en el Distrito de Juliaca, Provincia de Puno. / Tesis

Aborda el caso clínico de un paciente clase II esquelética con mordida abierta severa tratado en la clínica de posgrado de la segunda especialidad en ortodoncia y ortopedia maxilar de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Describe la secuencia del tratamiento ortodóntico con la filosofía Meaw y la técnica del movimiento dentario acelerado por micro-osteoperforaciones para reducir el tiempo de tratamiento, además se analizan los aspectos generales de la clase II mordida abierta y las consideraciones a tener en cuenta para una adecuada estabilidad. / Trabajo académico

In this study, the oral participation in L2-learners' English classroom was analysed in order to investigate what specific factors motivate och discourage pupils in EFL classroom to particpate orally. Additionally, this paper identifies the motivational factors of pupils and discusses how they affect their oral participation during English lessons. Therefore, the main reserach question of this paper are: How do the participating pupils feel about particpating in oral tasks? What helps or hinders pupils to participate in oral tasks during English lesson? This qualitative study in which we preffered the usage of semi-structured interviews (see: Appendix Interview Guide) was conducted with eight particpants between the ages of 13 and 15 from three different schools. The data analysis showed that the pupils' engagement to participate is influenced by external factors such as motivation, environment and individual factors. According to this study, it can be concluded that motivation and participation are linked and work together to achieve the main goal of participation and involvement during English lessons. Furthermore, the study paid extra attention to environmental and human elements, such as fear, anxiety and self-consciousness. In addition, pupils stated that strong feelings, such as being judged for being in the spotlight are the most common reasons for a pupil's lack of motivation to participate and angage during English lessons. Finally, this study and its results are most beneficial to English teachers to get inspired and influenced to construct an active EFL classroom where pupils develop a willingness to communicate and use their L2.

Señala que el tratamiento de la maloclusión Clase III depende del momento en que se logra interceptar el problema, así mismo de su gravedad. En edades tempranas, cuando el paciente se encuentra en crecimiento, se recomienda el tratamiento ortopédico en la etapa prepuberal; mientras que en pacientes sin crecimiento, las alternativas son el camuflaje ortodóncico y la cirugía ortognática. En maloclusiones Clase III de gravedad leve a moderadas pueden ser resueltas con terapia de camuflaje ortodóncico obteniéndose buenos resultados. Se reporta un caso clínico de una mujer adolescente de 13 años 6 meses, mesofacial, perfil total y del tercio inferior cóncavo, con relaciones molar y canina de Clase I, mordida cruzada anterior, segundos molares inferiores con inclinación mesiolingual aumentada, Clase III esquelética (ANB-2°), normodivergente (FMA 26°), incisivo superior con posición e inclinación normal e incisivo inferior retruido e inclinados a lingual. Entre las opciones de tratamiento, se optó por un camuflaje ortodóncico de Clase III. Se utilizó aparatología fija prescripción MBT slot 0.022” y biomecánica de arco recto complementada con dobleces de compensación. Para el camuflaje anterior, se corrigió la mordida cruzada con la reposición del incisivo superior mediante arcos de protrusión tipo Jarabak. En el sector posterior, los segundos molares fueron corregidos con dobleces de tercer orden en un arco de acero con loop posterior y levante de mordida. En la finalización, se consideraron los criterios de la ABO tanto para el sector anterior y posterior así como el paralelismo de raíces. Se usó elásticos intermaxilares sólo para la intercuspidación dentaria y fue requerido dobleces de primer, segundo y tercer orden. El tiempo total de tratamiento fue de 20 meses y se logró corregir la maloclusión con relación molar y canina Clase I, adecuado overjet y overbite, sonrisa consonante y una mejor proyección labial superior que benefició el perfil facial. / Trabajo académico

Determina la frecuencia de periodontitis apical asintomática en los pacientes tratados endodónticamente en la unidad de posgrado de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos durante los años 2015 - 2016. La muestra está compuesta por 221 historias clínicas de pacientes con tratamiento de conductos que son evaluadas según los criterios de inclusión. Se registran datos tales como nombre del paciente, edad, sexo, condición sistémica, pieza dentaria tratada, diagnóstico, etiología, tratamiento realizado, tiempo de tratamiento. Se encuentra que 99 pacientes son diagnosticados con periodontitis apical asintomática (44,7% de casos). En conclusión, la frecuencia de periodontitis apical asintomática en los pacientes tratados endodónticamente en la Unidad de Posgrado de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos durante los años 2015 - 2016 es 44,7%. / Tesis

Stress occurs within everyone’s life, from the onset of life until a person takes their last breath. The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health describe stress as a physical and emotional reaction to an experience that will occur within one’s life as changes occur. Stress is an action that occurs when the body encounters an experience triggered by a stressor, either internally or externally, that brings the body beyond its normal homeostatic threshold. In return the body shuts down to protect itself from overloading and overwhelming itself, from the stressor that is causing this reaction. Stress is a normal feeling, but chronic and long-term stress can lead to many disruptions to an individual’s health and disrupt their normal lifestyle. In 2019 it has been estimated that 70% of primary care visits are related to problems related to stress and lifestyle. Stress can present itself in numerous forms depending on the individual. Stress alters numerous aspects of life, it can be emotionally, physically, psychologically, etc. There are a wide range of health problems that stem from chronic stress; stress can disrupt eating habits, normal body functions, cause mood swings and unwanted behavioral changes, trigger latent diseases and many other problems. One of the biggest, yet unnoticed changes that stress can cause is how chronic stress leads to a decline in oral health, as an effect of the constant changes going on within the body. The oral cavity is one of the biggest indicators that there are changes going on within a patient. This literature review will evaluate the various oral conditions that stress can cause within the oral cavity and the resulting impact to one’s overall health. Oral health is direly important to overall health. A routine exam of the oral cavity can associate many systemic diseases affecting an individual based on the oral manifestations that are presented. While other symptoms often go unnoticed and get neglected until it is too late, the oral cavity is an early indicator that there is something that is causing a disruption to the body. The oral manifestations that were focused on for this literature review included some very common cases while others were more circumstantial. The goal was to link the oral manifestations to common oral conditions that stress brought upon the body, including periodontal disease, bruxism, habitual biting of the oral mucosa and geographic tongue. Bruxism, and periodontal disease yielded the most significant findings and its relation to stress while geographic tongue did lack some critical findings because of the condition being transient in nature and underreported. A reduction in stress can lead to a lower incidence of these oral conditions and systemic diseases in the population. Numerous research studies were evaluated to access the relation to stress and its effects on oral health, although if this review were to be done again, more data collected over a 5-year span on each condition and manifestation would be supportive.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / Purpose: To evaluate the evolution of perceived quality of life in relation to oral health during pregnancy and to determine the risk factors involved in this process. Methods: A follow-up study was carried out with pregnant Spanish women. Two oral examinations and an oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) assessment, using the OHIP-14 questionnaire, were performed in the first and third trimester of pregnancy. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, O’Sullivan Test measures, oral hygiene habits, history of caries, and periodontal status of participants were collected through structured medical-dental questionnaires. Results: A complete dataset comprising 246 pregnant women was available for analysis. Overall scores for negative impacts on the OHIP questionnaire were significantly higher during late pregnancy (74%). This indicated a deterioration in oral health-related quality of life amongst participants. Items describing “painful aching”, “self-consciousness”, “unsatisfactory diet”, and “interrupted meals” showed the greatest increase between the first and third trimester of gestation. Multivariate analysis showed that pre-gestational/gestational diabetes mellitus and poor oral hygiene habits during the first trimester of gestation were directly associated with worse oral health-related quality of life during the third trimester of gestation (hyperglycemia: OR 2.86; 95% CI 1.019–8.050: p = 0.043 / oral hygiene: OR 1.33; 95% CI 0.970–1.836; p = 0.076). Conclusions: In the present research, hyperglycemia during pregnancy and poor oral hygiene habits during the first trimester of gestation led to a higher risk of poor oral quality of life during late pregnancy. / Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades / Revisión por pares