O presente trabalho analisa os sentidos produzidos pela narrativa jornalística das quatro maiores revistas semanais de informação brasileiras –Veja, Época, IstoÉ e Carta Capital – sobre Oriente, Islã, árabes e muçulmanos. Investiga a forma como o jornalismo de revista é atravessado por dizeres preexistentes, externos ao texto, a respeito do assim chamado Oriente. Tomando a Análise de Discurso de extração francesa(AD) como dispositivo analítico, estuda se e de que forma as revistas semanais de informação produzem e põem em circulação uma mirada orientalista sobre eventos e personagens, conforme noção cunhada por Edward Said (1990) para designar o discurso que articula saberes relacionados ao Oriente produzidos e organizados no Ocidente por distintas instâncias de poder (colonial e imperial, cultural, político, simbólico). / The present work analyses meanings produced by journalistic narratives of the four main weekly information magazines in Brazil – Veja, Época, IstoÉ e Carta Capital – related to East, Islam, Arabs and muslims. It investigates the form in which magazine news is crossed by pre-existent sayings, external to the text, on the subject of the so-called East. Taking Discourse Analysis of French extraction (AD) as analytic tool, it researches if and how the weekly information magazines product and puts in circulation an orientalist outlook on events and characters, taking the notion developed by Edward Said (1990) to define the discourse that articulate knowledges related to East which are produced and organized in the West by various instances of power (colonial and imperial, cultural, political, symbolic). / El presente trabajo analisa los sentidos producidos por la narrativa periodistica de las cuatro más grandes revistas semanales de información brasileñas –Veja, Época, IstoÉ e Carta Capital – sobre Oriente, Islan, árabes y musulmanes. Investiga la forma como el periodismo de revista es cruzado por decires preexistentes, exteriores al texto, sobre el llamado Oriente. Tomando la Análisis de Discurso de extracción francesa (AD) como dispositivo analítico, estudia si y de que forma las revistas semanales de información producen y ponen em circulación una mirada orientalista sobre eventos y personajes, conforme noción desarrollada por Edward Said (1990) para designar el discurso que articula saberes referentes al Oriente producidos y organizados en el Ocidente por distintas instancias de poder (colonial y imperial, cultural, político, simbolico).

Le but de notre travail de recherche a été de montrer de manière méthodique, selon une démarche narratologique, que l'effet d’unité présenté par le récit nervalien résidait dans la fixité de sa structure syntaxique. A cet égard, le choix du Voyage en Orient pour support à une telle démonstration pouvait sembler paradoxal: inscrit dans le genre peu codifié de la relation viatique orientale, il est soumis à tous les décentrements. Or, il est possible d'identifier derrière le foisonnement de surface une unité logique fondamentale, preuve que plus Nerval se masque, plus il se révèle. Aussi avons-nous envisagé de décliner cette dimension synergique associant l'unité à la disparité selon trois modalités complémentaires. En premier lieu: une dialectique syntaxique qui articule la fixité d’une phrase narrative unique à des variables d'ajustement en assurant le renouvellement. En second lieu : une dialectique actantielle mettant en regard l'unité d'un psychodrame identitaire et une série de modulations autofictionnelles. En troisième lieu: la dynamique d'un arc herméneutique où la donnée psychique pathologique trouve, d'une part, une amorce de compréhension dans la configuration narrative puis, d'autre part, une forme de dépassement sublimatoire dans un art poétique singulier: la rhapsodie littéraire. Ambiguïté au demeurant d’une narrativité indéniablement incomplète: comment qualifier de récit un texte fragmentaire récusant toute idée de clôture? Comment s'étonner, du reste, d'une telle incomplétude quand l'utopie orientale relativiste d'une « guérison des cœurs » cache mal, selon l'éclairage psychanalytique, une tentative visant à contourner le tabou universel de l’inceste? / The aim of our research has been to demonstrate methodically, following a narratological approach, that the effect of unity achieved in Nerval’s narrative work lies in the fixity of its syntactic structure. In this context, the choice of ‘Voyage en Orient’ to support such an argument might seem paradoxical: enshrined as it is in the largely uncodified genre of the Orient travel, it is subject to all manner of shifts. Yet, it is possible to identify a logical unity behind the surface proliferation, proof that the more Nerval conceals himself, the more he reveals himself. Consequently our consideration has been focused on developing this synergic dimension associating unity with disparity according to three complementary modalities. In the first instance: a syntactic dialectic which articulates the fixity of a single narrative phrase to variables of adjustment while ensuring renewal. Secondly: an actantial dialectic linking the unity of a psychodrama of identity to a series of autofictional modulations. Thirdly: the dynamic of a hermeneutical arc in which the fact of a pathological psyche finds, on the one hand, the beginnings of an understanding in the narrative configuration and, on the other hand, a form of sublimatory quest in a singular poetic art, namely literary rhapsody. Ambiguity moreover of an incomplete narrativity: how can one speak of narrative with a fragmentary text rejecting all idea of closure? Indeed is there any wonder that one should be dealing with such incompleteness when the relativist Oriental utopia of the ‘healing of hearts’ finds it hard, in a psychoanalytical light, to hide an illusory attempt to circumvent the universal taboo of incest?

O presente trabalho analisa os sentidos produzidos pela narrativa jornalística das quatro maiores revistas semanais de informação brasileiras –Veja, Época, IstoÉ e Carta Capital – sobre Oriente, Islã, árabes e muçulmanos. Investiga a forma como o jornalismo de revista é atravessado por dizeres preexistentes, externos ao texto, a respeito do assim chamado Oriente. Tomando a Análise de Discurso de extração francesa(AD) como dispositivo analítico, estuda se e de que forma as revistas semanais de informação produzem e põem em circulação uma mirada orientalista sobre eventos e personagens, conforme noção cunhada por Edward Said (1990) para designar o discurso que articula saberes relacionados ao Oriente produzidos e organizados no Ocidente por distintas instâncias de poder (colonial e imperial, cultural, político, simbólico). / The present work analyses meanings produced by journalistic narratives of the four main weekly information magazines in Brazil – Veja, Época, IstoÉ e Carta Capital – related to East, Islam, Arabs and muslims. It investigates the form in which magazine news is crossed by pre-existent sayings, external to the text, on the subject of the so-called East. Taking Discourse Analysis of French extraction (AD) as analytic tool, it researches if and how the weekly information magazines product and puts in circulation an orientalist outlook on events and characters, taking the notion developed by Edward Said (1990) to define the discourse that articulate knowledges related to East which are produced and organized in the West by various instances of power (colonial and imperial, cultural, political, symbolic). / El presente trabajo analisa los sentidos producidos por la narrativa periodistica de las cuatro más grandes revistas semanales de información brasileñas –Veja, Época, IstoÉ e Carta Capital – sobre Oriente, Islan, árabes y musulmanes. Investiga la forma como el periodismo de revista es cruzado por decires preexistentes, exteriores al texto, sobre el llamado Oriente. Tomando la Análisis de Discurso de extracción francesa (AD) como dispositivo analítico, estudia si y de que forma las revistas semanales de información producen y ponen em circulación una mirada orientalista sobre eventos y personajes, conforme noción desarrollada por Edward Said (1990) para designar el discurso que articula saberes referentes al Oriente producidos y organizados en el Ocidente por distintas instancias de poder (colonial y imperial, cultural, político, simbolico).

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2015-10-26T13:29:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Laísa Marra de Paula Cunha Bastos - 2015.pdf: 1622361 bytes, checksum: e1be07e3e8fb2277a0904bb198dc34e9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-10-26T13:31:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Laísa Marra de Paula Cunha Bastos - 2015.pdf: 1622361 bytes, checksum: e1be07e3e8fb2277a0904bb198dc34e9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-26T13:31:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Laísa Marra de Paula Cunha Bastos - 2015.pdf: 1622361 bytes, checksum: e1be07e3e8fb2277a0904bb198dc34e9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The study aims to understand the ways in which best-selling autobiographies by Muslim women are produced. As a representative corpus, the books Infidel, by Ayaan Hirsi Ali; Princess, by Jean Sasson/Sultana; and I am Malala, by Malala Yousafzai/Christina Lamb were selected. Using Pierre Bourdieu's methodology – for whom a literary work should not be studied only by its text, but also by its insertion and circulation in various fields (literary, political, social) – the study conjectures that these narratives of life, since manufactured in the West and founded on the logic of the cultural industry of mass production of popular literature, are presented to the public circumscribed by neo-Orientalist discourses of the clash of civilizations. We refer to the discourses displayed in the post-September 11, 2001, which, reiterating the Orientalist discourse criticized by Edward Said, divided the world into superior West versus inferior Middle East. Therefore, we investigate, in the first chapter, the implications of the discourse of War on Terror to the commercial interest in personal narratives of Muslim women. Furthermore, we describe the corpus of narratives in order to characterize the subgenre of best-selling autobiographies of Muslim women, especially with regard to the dichotomies freedom/oppression, subversion/submission. In the second chapter, we analyse the importance of the autobiographical genre and the concepts of truth and authenticity to the rise of these books, as well as the relations of co-authorship present in such narratives. Then, in the third chapter, the focus is on making visible the editorial voices and their contributions to the spectacularization of the topos of the Muslim woman as a victim to be rescued from her society. To do so, the discourses of the peritext (cover, back cover and tabs) of these autobiographies will be examined. Therefore, we seek to question the limits and possibilities of self-representation of the subaltern subject in contexts marked by inequality of forces and intermediations of the speech. / O trabalho objetiva compreender os modos de produção de autobiografias best-sellers de mulheres muçulmanas. Como corpus representativo, selecionamos os livros Infiel, de Ayaan Hirsi Ali; Princesa, de Jean Sasson/Sultana; e Eu sou Malala, de Malala Yousafzai/Christina Lamb. Usando metodologia de Pierre Bourdieu, para quem uma obra literária não deve ser estudada apenas por seu texto, mas também por sua inserção e circulação nos diversos campos (literário, político, social), parte-se da hipótese de que essas narrativas de vida, uma vez que fabricadas no Ocidente com base nas lógicas da indústria cultural de massa e da literatura de grande produção, são apresentadas ao público circunscritas pelos discursos neoorientalistas do choque de civilizações. Referimo-nos aos discursos veiculados no pós-11 de setembro de 2001, que, reiterando o discurso orientalista criticado por Edward Said, dividiram o mundo em Ocidente superior versus Oriente inferior. Assim sendo, investigam-se, no primeiro capítulo, as implicações dos discursos da Guerra ao Terror para o interesse comercial em narrativas pessoais de mulheres muçulmanas. Além disso, as narrativas do corpus são examinadas no intuito de caracterizar o subgênero de autobiografias best-sellers de mulheres muçulmanas, principalmente no que concerne às dicotomias liberdade/opressão, subversão/submissão. No segundo capítulo, problematizam-se os pressupostos e a importância do gênero autobiográfico e dos conceitos de verdade e autenticidade para a ascensão desses livros, bem como as relações de coautoria presentes em tais narrativas. Depois, no terceiro capítulo, o foco está em tornar visíveis as vozes editoriais e suas contribuições para a espetacularização do topos da mulher muçulmana enquanto vítima a ser resgatada de sua sociedade. Para tanto, serão analisados os discursos peritextuais dessas autobiografias (capa, contracapa e abas). Assim sendo, busca-se problematizar os limites e as possibilidades da auto-representação do sujeito subalterno em contextos marcados pela inequidade de forças e por agenciamentos da fala.

Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie är att bidra med kunskap om hur Norrland och norrlänningar skildras i TV-serien Rebecka Martinsson, samt om Norrland skildras från ett inifrån- eller utifrånperspektiv. Metoden som använts är fallstudie och data har insamlats genom egna observationer med Faircloughs tredimensionella analysmodell som teoretisk ram. Resultatet pekar mot att Norrland och norrlänningar förvisso skildras på ett stereotypt sätt i Rebecka Martinsson, men att det också förekommer en stor mängd nyansering där människormed norrländskt ursprung också tillåts att bryta mot den rådande diskursen. I diskussionssegmentet lyfts blicken och där görs jämförelser med andra populärkulturella verk. I det segmentet diskuteras också studiens styrkor såväl som svagheter, bland annat att det utvalda materialet är relativt litet och att med ett annat urval hade resultatet eventuellt kunnat bli annorlunda. Som förslag till fortsatt forskning ges att göra en undersökning på samma utvalda material, men med annan metod, alternativt använda samma metod och teoretisk ram men välja ut annat eller en större mängd material att analysera.

”Arabiska våren – framställningen av revolutionen i Mellanöstern/Nordafrika i mainstreammedia” är titeln på denna studie som har syftet att studera hur mainstreamkanalerna Al Jazeera och BBC rapporterat kring revolutionerna i Tunisien och Syrien för att på så sätt kunna uttala om den ”Arabiska vårens” framställning. Syftet har också varit att jämföra mediekanalernas konstruktion av revolutionerna med varandra för att belysa eventuella likheter och skillnader i rapporteringarna. Med utgångspunkt av tidigare forskning kring identitetsteori, diskursanalys som teori, andrafiering och postkolonialism har mediekanalernas rapporteringar analyserat med hjälp av den kritisk diskursanalytiska metoden. Resultaten och slutsatserna som kan tas i denna studie är kortfattat att Al Jazeera konstruerar diskursen om revolutionen genom att underminera postkoloniala strukturer. Al Jazeera tar en ställning mot väst och dess intressen, samt aktörer förknippade med väst där de västallierade andrafieras som ”De onda Andra”. BBC andrafierar revolutionen där konstruktionen av diskursen om revolutionerna uttrycks i postkoloniala diskurser. BBC andrafierar aktörer i revolution i dimensionerna ”De goda Andra” och ”De onda Andra”, där de förstnämnda tillämpas på västallierade och den andra förknippas med aktörer som väst inte har goda politiska relationer med.

Syftet med den här intervjustudien är att belysa hur sju kvinnliga gymnasieelever med en utomeuropeisk bakgrund upplever och förhåller sig till den eurocentriska och manliga kanon inom historieundervisningen. Metoden som har använts är semistrukturerade djupintervjuer med en teoretisk utgångspunkt i grundad teori samt existentiell hermeneutik. Det som har framkommit av elevernas utsagor har sedan problematiserats utifrån Edward Saids teorier presenterade i Orientalism samt Simone de Beauvoirs teorier i Det andra könet. Samtliga intervjupersoner är kritiska till den eurocentriska och manliga kanon i historieundervisningen. Det finns dock en distinkt skillnad mellan hur eleverna resonerar kring dessa två företeelser där den manliga kanon betydligt enklare legitimeras och på så sätt blir immun mot kritik. Eleverna upplever generellt att de inte kan identifiera sig med sin historieundervisning. De tillskriver sina egna identifikationer som kvinnor och som utomeuropéer, och/eller som personer med insikt i en annan kultur, viss betydelse för hur de resonerar kring frågor som rör kanon i undervisningen.

This study examines how the media construct the identities of the Other by creating various ‘us’ versus ‘them’ positions (Othering) when covering non-violence-based intercultural conflicts in Arab and Western news media. Othering in this study is understood as an umbrella concept that in general terms refers to the discursive process of constructing and positioning the Self and the Other into separate identities of an ‘us’ and a ‘them.’ This process is analysed using a mixed method approach. A content analysis is used to map the data, and then a closer examination of the discourse is conducted using a qualitative approach inspired by critical discourse analysis. Two empirical studies are conducted based on this analysis: 1) the case of the Swedish newspaper Nerikes Allehanda’s publication of caricatures of the Prophet Mohamed in 2007 and 2) the media coverage of the headscarf ban in French state schools in 2004. This study also employs Galtung’s Peace Journalism model as a frame of reference in the conclusions to discuss how this model could contribute, if applied in journalistic texts, to more balanced constructions of intercultural conflicts. The results show that Othering is a central discursive practice that is commonly adopted in both Arab and Western media coverage of non-violent intercultural conflicts, but it appears in different forms. Many of the previous studies have devoted considerable attention to rather conventional dichotomous constructions of Eastern and Western Others. The present study, in contrast, brings to the fore more non-conventional constructions and, while recognizing the occurrence of the conventional constructions, goes beyond these binary oppositions of ‘us’ and ‘them’. Variations in the types of identity constructions found in my study can be attributed to the mode of the article, the actors/voices included, the media affiliations and the topic and its overall contextualization. The different types of identity constructions in the media coverage may bring about a less black and white understanding of an event and help bring forth a more nuanced picture of what is going on and who is doing what in a conflict situation. Their occurrence in the media can possibly be linked to a new vision of a global society that does not necessarily constitute homogenous groups with the same characteristics, but rather is more consistent with a hybrid identity. This research is timely, as with the recent arrival of large groups of migrants from the Middle East, the ‘fear of Islam,’ and the right wing propaganda regarding Muslims as a threat is increasing. Islamophobia can be seen as a new form of racism used by elites to serve particular agendas. If media practitioners applied a more critical awareness in their writings so as not to reproduce culturally rooted stereotypes, which can inflame conflicts between people and nations, we might see less hostility against migrants and achieve a less racist world.

Over eight hundred years ago anonymous poets set the orally transmitted Nibelungen myth to parchment. This action started a trend of adapting the myth for contemporary audiences, a trend that has lasted since the High Middle Ages. Since then, the Nibelungen myth has become a sustaining element of the self-mythologization of German national identity. The problem, however, with adapting the Nibelungen myth for the purpose of creating a German identity, be it in the medieval epic, the Nibelungenlied, or Fritz Lang's 1924 film, Die Nibelungen, is that this model of identification is flawed – flawed because it consists of systematic binary divisions positing self-other dichotomies. What becomes evident is that in the adaptations of Nibelungen myth, the representations of alterity are contradictory and ambiguous, provoking the question: why is the Nibelungen myth an effective source from which one can project a national identity? / Graduate

La Méditerranée a souvent été au cœur des réflexions littéraires, à travers une quête identitaire ou une consécration de l’histoire humaine. Intimement liées au colonialisme, les écritures autour de la Méditerranée reflètent un questionnement à la fois historique, philosophique et littéraire sur le destin des peuples. D’une rive à l’autre, la Méditerranée s’est constituée une véritable identité en tant qu’espace conceptualisé et analysé. Les premiers écrivains de langue française au Maghreb sont des colons d’Algérie, qui affirment très tôt leur autonomie d’expression par rapport à la métropole, prenant notamment leurs distances vis-à-vis de la littérature de voyage consacrée à l’Algérie. Robert Randau, mais aussi Louis Bertrand inaugurent, au début des années 1920, le courant algérianiste, qui s’attache à décrire de l’intérieur la terre colonisée, ses mœurs et ses coutumes. Plus tard, à partir des années 1930, l’école d’Alger sert de chambre d’écho à la dénonciation de l’injustice coloniale. C’est dans cette mouvance que se situent par exemple Albert Camus, Gabriel Audisio ou Emmanuel Roblès. Cependant, la situation de ces écrivains était extrêmement délicate : il leur était en effet difficile de dénoncer les injustices liées à la colonisation sans trahir leur communauté. C’est dans cette perspective historique que sera étudiée l’évolution de la réflexion littéraire et socio-culturelle de l’identité méditerranéenne à travers l’algérianité exprimée par deux grands courants, l’Algérianisme et l’école d’Alger. / The Mediterranean area has often been at the core of literary thinking through a quest for an identity or a consecration of human history. Mediterranean writings reflect a questioning which is at once historical, philosophical and literary upon peoples’ destinies as those writings are intimately related to colonialism. A true literary identity built up from one side of the Mediterranean Sea to another as a conceptualized and analyzed space. The first Maghrebi writers who composed in French were Algerian colonists. They asserted quite early their own independence from France as they dissociated themselves from travel literature devoted to Algeria. In the early 1920s, Robert Randau and Louis Bertrand introduced the Algerianist movement which strove itself to describe the colonized country from the inside, including its mores and its customs. Later on, starting the 1930s, the Ecole d’Alger is used as an echo chamber to denounce colonial injustice. Albert Camus, Gabriel Audisio or Emmanuel Roblès are, for instance, a part of this circle of influence. Yet, those writers found themselves in an extremely delicate situation as it was strenuous for them to denounce all kinds of injustice related to colonization without betraying their own community. The evolution of the literary and socio-cultural thinking of the Mediterranean identity through the algerianity expressed by two major movements, Algerianism and the Ecole d’Alger, will be studied in such an historical prospect.