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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

A 4PAM/2PAM Coaxial Cable Receiver Analog Front-end Targeting 40Gb/s in 90-nm CMOS

Park, Peter 30 July 2008 (has links)
A 4-PAM/2-PAM receiver analog front-end (AFE) targeting 20GSymbol/s for use with coaxial cable channels is presented. Behavioral simulations incorporate a transmitter, scalable coaxial cable model, and the proposed receiver architecture, targeting cable loss of 32dB at 10GHz. To accommodate links of varying lengths, the AFE includes a variable-gain amplifier (VGA) and analog peaking equalizer. The input preamplifier is important for achieving the required input sensitivity. A DC bias current is introduced through the feedback resistor in a conventional shunt-shunt feedback nMOS transimpedance amplifier (TIA) to level-shift the output, obviating a following level-shifting stage. The fabricated AFE occupies 0.89mm2 in a 90-nm CMOS process and dissipates 138mW from a 1.3V supply. The AFE amplifies and opens the eye pattern of a 20-Gb/s 2-PAM data stream transmitted over coaxial cable with 7.5dB loss at 10GHz.
22

A 4PAM/2PAM Coaxial Cable Receiver Analog Front-end Targeting 40Gb/s in 90-nm CMOS

Park, Peter 30 July 2008 (has links)
A 4-PAM/2-PAM receiver analog front-end (AFE) targeting 20GSymbol/s for use with coaxial cable channels is presented. Behavioral simulations incorporate a transmitter, scalable coaxial cable model, and the proposed receiver architecture, targeting cable loss of 32dB at 10GHz. To accommodate links of varying lengths, the AFE includes a variable-gain amplifier (VGA) and analog peaking equalizer. The input preamplifier is important for achieving the required input sensitivity. A DC bias current is introduced through the feedback resistor in a conventional shunt-shunt feedback nMOS transimpedance amplifier (TIA) to level-shift the output, obviating a following level-shifting stage. The fabricated AFE occupies 0.89mm2 in a 90-nm CMOS process and dissipates 138mW from a 1.3V supply. The AFE amplifies and opens the eye pattern of a 20-Gb/s 2-PAM data stream transmitted over coaxial cable with 7.5dB loss at 10GHz.
23

From Environmental Management and Environmental Governance to New Environmental Management Framework ¡V A Case of Kuokuang Petrochemical Plant

Chung, Kuo-Nan 10 February 2012 (has links)
Due to the high complexity and various values essence, environmental issues need comprehensive and complete observation and analysis tools to find the resolving way. Current environmental management framework cannot provide comprehensive and whole picture of the environment issues because of research area and limited experiences on the cross field integration. This research integrated 3 environment-related frameworks ¡V Integrated Environmental Management framework (EM), Institution Analysis and Development framework (IAD), and Public Affair Management framework (PAM) - into a new integrated framework and use Kuokuang petrochemical plant event as the first case for theoretical identification. 3 original frameworks were analyzed, compared, recombined, and integrated into ¡§New Environmental Management framework (NEM)¡¨ which has the functions of describing the whole picture, building overall idea, underling problems textures and revealing key points of environment issues and supposed to be a new possible option for observing and analyzing environment issues. According to NEM framework, Kuokuang petrochemical plant event was analyzed step by step, such as data interpreting, problems textures filtering and key points revealing. The 4 most important key points affect the development and results of the Kuokuang petrochemical plant event were: development and changing of civil society, limitation and breakthrough of government institutions, conflict and reconciling of the values judgment, and impact and influence of internet.
24

The Operational Procedure and Cross-domain Analysis of PAM¡ãA Case Study of the Region Development and Cross-Strait Relations Promoted by NPOs in Kaohsiung

Liu, Li-Chuan 27 August 2008 (has links)
Nonprofit Organization¡]NPO¡^is a important part for civic society. This paper tries to review the relation between NPO and social development, and try to find some way to develop and help the economic of Kaohsiung. It will be a start point for social and NPO¡¦s development. ¡§An integrated public affairs management framework¡¨ is adopted to describe and analyze the social condition in society. To doing this, we try to present a broad overview of developmental issue in Kaohsiung. And we uses IIT¡]Information Integration Theory¡^and IM¡]Interactive Management¡^to help us to understand what people think about NPO and what can NPO do about the economic of Kaohsiung. The conclusion is that, (1) the result of IIT and IM is not significant between pre-test and post-test; it means it is not change the cognition of participants. (2) The social condition of Kaohsiung is declining gradually, including behavioral and cognitive aspect. (3) Economy is the core driver in that society and political evolve and better thrive when the material or economic aspect is strong or well address.The key point is the relation between cross-strait for the development of Kaohsiung. So NPO need to promote the cooperative between cross-strait and to find solution for both China and Taiwan.
25

none

Lin, Mei-chuan 17 August 2009 (has links)
none
26

Cross-border PAM Analysis ¡V A Study on the Integration of Public Demand with Government Policy under Regional Cooperation between Penghu and China's Economic Zone on the West Coast the Taiwan Strait

Wu, Cheng-yu 30 August 2009 (has links)
This study adopts a variety of research methods widely used in professional academic fields covering regional science, management science and policy science. The essence of each method is selected for cross-field analysis that is beyond the framework of different fields, departments and layers. Through the public affairs management (PAM) method, the reference architecture is integrated for analysis, and the output of regional analysis (including comparative analysis, economic foundation analysis, variance appropriation analysis, time series analysis and cross-sectional analysis, gravity model) is used as input data for the project analysis (the nominal group technique). The outputs of regional analysis and project analysis are used as input for the interactive management (IM) method in a policy analysis; the outputs of the first three analyses are further used as the input to the social judgments theory (SJT) of the judgment analysis. A set of proposals is then created using VCS, and the survey questionnaire is created using SJT and multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT) by IM participants in generating strategies. These are sent to 53 public administrators in the Penghu County Government for them to fill out. The results are analyzed using the serial intention structure of the SJT method to identify the cooperation elements among all units. The historical data in Penghu is then further analyzed using appropriate research methods to calculate a set of objective and mutually supporting data. The participants¡¦ psychological perception are further quantified with all kinds of resource links swept across each node, enabling different types of energy to diffuse to their maximum for creation of the greatest possible public values. This study was conducted by a team of three students taking an interactive approach to exploring issues regarding the impact of strategy in cooperation between Penghu and China's Economic Zone on the Western Side of the Taiwan Strait. The team worked together to conduct literature research, examining issues related to public living within the aspects of economy, society and government. The study uses the interactive management (IM) method widely used in policy analysis, together with process analysis methods such as the nominal group technique (NGT) method and the interpretive structural modeling (ISM) method, with 26 participants from various sectors. In the NGT process, starting from idea generation, problem clarification, and voting on problems, the issues were compared pair-wise. ISM software was used for generating an enforcement structural diagram, which was reviewed by participants; over half approved on the twelve strategies in the governmental aspect of cooperation between Penghu and China¡¦s Economic Zone on the Western Side of the Taiwan Strait study, in addition to the revised and approved enforcement structural diagram. This paper focuses on using the IM method for analysis. During the planning stage, information generated by varieties of research methods was used for deliberate review by the parties of interest. During the interactive test stage, the purpose was to make sure that the 26 participants are representative of the public. Therefore, 15-20 observers came from the same population for simultaneous voting and pair-wise comparison of rules. The results produced were almost identical, indicating that the participants invited in the IM method were representative enough. In the follow-up stage, the Penghu Cable Company was supportive to air the promotional interactive DVD, with contents connoting public welfare and social education, for free for one month from April 1, 2009 to April 30, 2009. Afterwards, the twelve major strategies as voted were sent to 10 administrative units, of which five replied and agreed to adopt; More voices of the majority of people will then be heard, effective opinions adopted and, together with cross-border governmental policies and people¡¦s needs, the public opinions will be blended into public policies. The method will serve as a bridge between the Government and the public, enabling people to do a final evaluation on the government's performance or even facilitating the Central Government to listen to people¡¦s responses when allocating subsidy funds to cities and counties. tThis study will propose a concrete strategy on ¡§competitiveness in cooperation between Penghu and China's Economic Zone on the Western Side of the Taiwan Strait¡¨, by surveying county government public administrators with SJT and MAUT questionnaires. A total of 53 county government public administrators generally agreed that the Government should proactively expand services to improve the employment rate. In summary, if the governmental sector is able to take the public interests and county public services as the top priority issues, as well as expressing a willingness to listen to people¡¦s opinion and incorporate people¡¦s needs into the policies, a flourishing and peaceful realm of the people, by the people, for the people and based on the people is achievable in the near future.
27

Molekylär klassificering av tjocktarmscancer : PAM-klusteranalys för identifiering av undergrupper

Arvidsson, Per, Snickars, Samuel January 2012 (has links)
The main objective of this study is to divide a number of colorectal cancer cases into subgroups based on their molecular features using cluster analysis. The data used is supplied by a research group at Pathology, the Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, and consists, after some preparation, of 455 observations which is a larger data set than many similar studies. The molecular variables that the clustering is based on are CIMP (CpG Island Methylator Phenotype), MSI (Micro Satellite Instability), BRAF- and KRAS-mutations. These are categorical variables and consequently the clustering method used is PAM (Partitioning Around Medoids) which is particularly useful with data on diverse variable level. The final analysis results in four subgroups that are represented by different combinations of attributes on the aforementioned variables. The disparity between the clusters are then evaluated by, for instance, comparing the survival time for their pertaining patients and it appears that two of the clusters are significantly different in this aspect. Other patient related and tumor specific characteristics are also linked with the separate cancer types and tested if they occur in varying extent. The locations of the tumors in the colon are for instance significantly different between the groups. Cluster analyses are exploratory tools so the choice of useful variables and subsequent interpretation of the results can be complicated and require relevant subject knowledge. / Huvudsyftet med denna studie är att med hjälp av klusteranalys dela in en mängd tjocktarmscancerfall i undergrupper baserat på deras molekylära egenskaper. Materialet som används tillhandahålls av en forskningsgrupp vid Patologi, Institutionen för medicinsk biovetenskap, Umeå universitet, och består efter viss bearbetning av 455 observationer vilket är en större datamängd än flera liknande studier. De molekylära variabler som ligger till grund för klusterindelningen är nivån på CIMP (CpG Island Methylator Phenotype), MSI (Mikrosatellitinstabillitet), BRAF- och KRAS-mutationer. Dessa är kategoriska variabler och därför används PAM (Partitioning Around Medoids) som är en särskild klusterteknik lämpad vid data på varierade variabelnivåer. I det slutliga resultatet fås fyra undergrupper som representeras av olika kombinationer av utfallen på ovannämnda variabler. Klustren utvärderas bland annat genom att jämföra överlevnadstiden för varje kluster, och det visar sig att två av klustren skiljer sig signifikant åt i detta avseende. Även andra patientrelaterade och tumörspecifika egenskaper kopplas samman till de olika cancertyperna och testas om de förekommer i varierande utsträckning. Var någonstans tumören är placerad är till exempel signifikant skilt mellan grupperna. Klusteranalyser är explorativa redskap så valet av variabler och sedermera tolkningar av resultat kan vara komplicerade och kräva stor sakkunskap.
28

Réseaux optiques en mode paquet pour les connexions internes à un centre de données / Packet-Optical Networks for Intra-Data-Center Connections

Dumas feris, Barbara Pilar 22 December 2017 (has links)
La consommation d'énergie des centres de données est un enjeu majeur. Leurs communications internes représentent près du quart de cette consommation. Les technologies de commutation optique ont en principe une meilleure efficacité énergétique que les solutions actuelles. Ce travail porte sur les réseaux optiques en mode paquet pour des centres de données de petite et moyenne taille. Il s'est déroulé dans le cadre du projet EPOC (Energy Proportional and Opportunistic Computing) qui s'intéresse à la réduction de la consommation d'énergie d'un centre de données alimenté partiellement par des sources renouvelables. Une hypothèse clé est l'absence d'un réseau de stockage dédié réduisant ainsi la consommation des interconnexions. Par contre, afin de pouvoir éteindre certains serveurs selon la charge de travail et l'énergie disponible, le débit doit être de l'ordre de 100 Gbit/s. Après un état de l'art des réseaux optiques pour centre de données nous choisissons une solution reposant sur une infrastructure entièrement passive et des émetteurs rapidement accordables en longueur d'onde, proposée récemment dans la littérature (POPI).Nous étudions les limitations dues aux composants (pertes d'insertion, plage d'accord et espacement des canaux). Nous proposons une extension (E-POPI) qui permet d'augmenter le nombre de serveurs connectés en utilisant plusieurs plages de longueurs d'onde. Pour les centres de données de plus grande taille nous proposons un réseau à deux étages (intra- et inter-racks) opérant respectivement dans les bandes C et L, POPI+. La connexion entre étages se fait via une passerelle transparente dans un sens et opaque dans l'autre. Différentes solutions de contrôle des deux étages sont détaillées.Un des éléments essentiels de faisabilité de ces architectures est de concilier la montée en débit avec les pertes du réseau passif d'interconnexion. Les techniques cohérentes des transmissions longue distance ne sont pas actuellement envisageables pour un centre de données. Nous avons donc étudié les formats PAM 4 et 8, par simulation avec différents débits (jusqu'à 112 Gbit/s et récepteurs (PIN, APD et SOA-PIN) et aussi, expérimentalement, à 12 et 18 Gbit/s. Nous avons développé une méthode de compensation des distorsions générées par les différents composants qui procure un compromis entre précision de correction et temps de calcul.Ces résultats nous permettent de déterminer les pertes d'insertion tolérables. Nous les combinons avec les limitations liées à la plage d'accord des émetteurs et à l'encombrement spectral des canaux occupant des fenêtres multiples de 12,5 GHz pour dimensionner les différentes architectures. Les réseaux POPI, E-POPI et POPI+ permettent respectivement la connexion de 48, 99 et 2352 entités à 112 Gbit/s. Nos évaluations tiennent compte d'une possible dispersion des caractéristiques des principaux composants. / Data-center energy consumption is nowadays a major issue. Intra-data-center networking accounts almost for a quarter of the data-center total power consumption. Optical switching technologies could provide higher power efficiency than current solutions based on electrical-packet switching. This work focuses on optical-packet-switched networks for small- and medium-size data centers. It takes part of the EPOC (Energy-Proportional and Opportunistic Computing) project, which main interest consists on reducing the overall power consumption of a data center partially powered by renewable sources. A key assumption is that our data center does not rely on a dedicated storage network, in order to reduce the consumption of those interconnections. In addition, with the aim of being able to turn off some servers according to the workload and the available energy, the bit rate must be close to 100 Gbit/s. We have chosen, after studying the state of the art of data-center interconnects, a purely passive network architecture based on fast-wavelength-tunable transmitters under the name of POPI.We study POPI's limitations due to its components (insertion loss, tuning range and channel spacing). We then propose an extension called E-POPI that allows to increase the number of connected servers by using several transmission bands. For larger data centers, we propose POPI+, a two-stage infrastructure for intra- and inter-rack communications operating in the C and L bands, respectively. The connection between both stages is done via a transparent gateway in one direction and an opaque one in the other. We discuss different control solutions for both stages.The feasibility of these architectures depends on, among other factors, dealing with bit-rate increasing and power losses of a passive interconnect. Coherent long-distance-transmission techniques are not currently suited to data centers. We therefore studied PAM 4 and 8 modulation formats with direct detection. On one hand, by simulation, with different bit rates (up to 112 Gbit/s) and receivers (PIN, APD and SOA-PIN) and, on the other hand, experimentally, at 12 and 18 Gbit/s. We have developed a method for compensating the distortions generated by the different network components. Our method takes into account a good tradeoff between correction accuracy and computation time.Simulation results allow us to determine the amount of insertion loss that may be supported. We then combine these results with the limitations of transmitters-tuning range and channel spacing using multiple of 12.5 GHz slots for dimensioning the proposed architectures. POPI, E-POPI and POPI+ interconnects allow the connection of 48, 99 and 2352 entities, respectively, at 112 Gbit/s. Our assessments take into account a potential dispersion of the characteristics of the main architecture components.
29

Hierarchical and partitioning based hybridized blocking model

Annakula, Chandravyas January 1900 (has links)
Master of Science / Department of Computing and Information Sciences / William H. Hsu / (Higgins, Savje, & Sekhon, 2016) Provides us with a sampling blocking algorithm that enables large and complex experiments to run in polynomial time without sacrificing the precision of estimates on a covariate dataset. The goal of this project is to run the different clustering algorithms on top of clusters formed from above mentioned blocking algorithm and analyze the performance and compatibility of the clustering algorithms. We first start with applying the blocking algorithm on a covariate dataset and once the clusters are formed, we then apply our clustering algorithm HAC (Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering) or PAM (Partitioning Around Medoids) on the seeds of the clusters. This will help us to generate more similar clusters. We compare our performance and precision of our hybridized clustering techniques with the pure clustering techniques to identify a suitable hybridized blocking model.
30

A Survey into Taxonomic and Physiological Differences of Symbiodinium sp., the Photosynthetic Symbiont of Reef-building Corals

Gong, Xianzhe 11 1900 (has links)
The dinoflagellate genus Symbiodinium is a popular research topic in the coral reef molecular biology field. Primarily because these organisms serve as the coral holobiont’s primary source of energy, carrying out photosynthesis, and providing hydrocarbons to the coral host. Previous studies have shown the difficulty of isolating Symbiodinium as well as the inherent problems in trying to quantify the diversity of this genus and to qualify the distinct reactions of different Symbiodinium sp. to changing environmental conditions. The main goals of this study are: (1) to detail the relationship between the genetic classification of the organism and its physiology in regard to photosynthesis with a number of established Symbiodinium cultures; and (2) to isolate Symbiodinium from coral of the central Red Sea. To evaluate the photosynthetic physiology of Symbiodinium, a microsensor was used to measure oxygen concentrations along with a phytoplankton analyzer system that used pulse-amplitude-modulation (Phyto-PAM) to measure fluorescence. In order to identify the particular clade that the isolates belonged to, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) was used to identify Symbiodinium based on their internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region. These techniques helped us to achieve our goals in the following ways: Symbiodinium sp. from a culture collection were classified to the subclade level; species-specific and clade-specific photosynthetic profiles were generated; and a Symbiodinium sp. was isolated from the central Red Sea. This study provided preliminary correlation between the photosynthetic difference and Symbiodinium genetic classification; showed the probable existence of a self-protection system inside the Symbiodinium cells by comparing the difference between the initial oxygen production at the beginning of each light step and the oxygen production after light adaptation; and confirmed the possibility of the isolation of Symbiodinium.

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