Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 206-219). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

No description available.

Orientador: João Virgilio Merighi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T08:55:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luis_AndreDenis_M.pdf: 9014700 bytes, checksum: b97f4cb26221bdd835d39342c297c2b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa versa sobre a utilização do equipamento FWD - Falling Weight Deflectometer, sendo analisados os diversos aspectos que influenciam nos resultados dos ensaios com o equipamento FWD. Dificuldade de interpretações das especificidades de tipos distintos de estruturas de pavimentos e uma vasta gama de correlações com a Viga Benkelman, as quais foram deduzidas por autores de diversas nacionalidades, demonstram que não há regra harmônica para os estudos. Assim, faz se imprescindível a percepção acurada, a consciência e experiência adquirida do engenheiro de projeto em cada situação. Esta hipótese foi corroborada pelo estudo dos ensaios realizados em malha viária experimental, abordados nesta dissertação. São propostos ainda temas relevantes para futuro desenvolvimento que possam agregar em confiabilidade e em economia dos projetos de pavimentação na Engenharia Nacional. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido utilizando-se a bibliografia sobre deflectometria internacional e brasileira, abrangendo os editais de concessões rodoviárias estaduais e federais. / Abstract: This research is about the use of equipment FWO - Falling Weight Deflectometer, and analyzed the various aspects that influence the results of tests with the FWO equipment. Difficulty in interpretation of the peculiarities of different types of pavement structures and a wide range of correlations with the Benkelman beam, which were derived by authors from different nationalities, shows that there is no rule for harmonic studies. Thus, it is essential to accurate perception, awareness and experience of the design engineer in every situation. This hypothesis was confirmed by the study of tests on experimental road network, discussed in this dissertation. Are still relevant topics proposed for future development that can add reliability and economy of paving projects in the National Engineering. This work was developed using the literature on international and Brazilian deflection, covering the tenders for state andfederal road concessions. / Mestrado / Transportes / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Tem-se verificado, na prática, que a falta de drenagem subsuperficial é um dos principais fatores de deterioração precoce dos pavimentos. Ainda, verifica-se que são relativamente poucos os procedimentos de dimensionamento e modelos de análise de previsão de desempenho que consideram efetivamente o efeito deletério da drenagem na vida útil dos pavimentos. No entanto, observa-se que pesquisas e experiências estrangeiras não estabeleceram ainda uma correlação quantitativa confiável entre a presença dos dispositivos de drenagem e o desempenho dos mesmos. No trabalho foi realizada análise de sensibilidade dos modelos da AASHTO (versão de 1993) e HDM-4, considerados os mais difundidos na atualidade. Os modelos empregam coeficientes de drenagem para a consideração dos efeitos danosos da presença de água livre no interior de estruturas de pavimentos rígidos e flexíveis. Teoricamente, verificou-se que os modelos são sensitivos quanto à influência das condições de drenagem no desempenho dos pavimentos. Foram analisados dados reais de certa malha viária no interior do estado de São Paulo e verificou-se, na prática, que os pavimentos flexíveis sem acostamento pavimentado, ou seja, com condições precárias de drenagem, têm apresentado desempenho inferior quando comparados com estruturas dotadas de acostamentos pavimentados mais impermeáveis. Constatou-se a dificuldade de se adotar os coeficientes de drenagem nos modelos analisados, apesar da grande importância da fixação adequada no dimensionamento. Comenta-se no trabalho que, além da existência de dispositivos de drenagem subsuperficial, é necessário checar a sua continuidade e capacidade hidráulica ao longo de todo o sistema. Sugerem-se procedimentos para o dimensionamento hidráulico do sistema de drenagem de pavimentos e a necessidade de se considerar a avaliação econômica ao longo de um período, de acordo com o desempenho esperado do pavimento (LCCA - Life Cycle Cost Analysis) quando da definição da concepção de pavimentos rodoviários drenantes, principalmente quando submetidos a tráfego pesado e em condições climáticas desfavoráveis. / There has been verified, in practice, that the absence of pavement drainage is one of the main factors of early degradation of pavements. More, there are few procedures of design and performance analysis that effectively consider the damage of water during the design period. However, foreign experiments and researches do not establish a reliable correlation between the construction of pavement drainage features and pavement performance. In this text, there has been analyzed the AASHTO (version of 1993) and HDM-4 models, considered the most spread out in the present time. These models consider the damage effects of free water inside flexible or rigid pavement structures. Theoretically, it was verified that the models are sensitive about the influence of the conditions of draining in the pavement performance. It had been analyzed real data of certain roadway network in the interior of the state of São Paulo and it was verified, in practical, that the flexible pavements without paved shoulder, that is, with precarious conditions of drainage, have presented lower performance when compared with structures endowed with paved shoulders more impermeable. It was evidenced the difficulty of adopting the drainage coefficients in the analyzed models, although the great importance of the setting adjusted in the design. It is commented that, beyond the existence of devices of subsurface draining, is necessary to check its continuity and hydraulical capacity throughout the system. It\'s suggested procedures for the hydraulical design of the pavement drainage system and the necessity of considering the economic evaluation throughout a period, in accordance with the waited performance (LCCA - Life Cycle Cost Analysis) when the definition of the conception of road pavements, mainly when submitted the heavy traffic and in unfavorable climatic conditions.

Orientador: Cássio Eduardo Lima de Paiva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T22:53:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Teixeira_Ivonei_M.pdf: 3299832 bytes, checksum: 49e4c7c6bea1e5cf410366de156c53e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Foi realizada uma pesquisa com um solo do tipo Laterítico Argiloso (LG¿) e avaliados seus resultados nos ensaios de Compactação, Compressão Simples, Índice de Suporte Califórnia (CBR) e Triaxiais Cíclicos no estado puro e após o uso de Estabilização. As técnicas utilizadas foram Estabilização Química com o uso de uma bioenzima e de cimento; Mecânica com variação da Energia de Compactação e, finalmente, a Granulométrica com a incorporação de Areia Descartada de Fundição (ADF). Na compactação foram utilizadas todas as técnicas e o aumento da Massa Específica Aparente Seca máxima e diminuição da Umidade Ótima em relação ao material puro foi atingida com a estabilização Mecânica na energia Modificada, estabilização Granulométrica com todos os teores de ADF e a estabilização Química com a adição de 10% de cimento. A maior Massa Específica foi atingida com 70% de ADF. Na Compressão Simples foi utilizada a Estabilização Química e o Valor Mínimo de Norma de 2,1 MPa foi atingido apenas a partir de 10% de cimento. Nos ensaios de Módulo de Resiliência foram utilizadas variação da energia de compactação e bioenzima. Todos os ensaios mostraram comportamento de material coesivo sendo mais influenciado pela Tensão Desvio, posto que com o aumento desta, há uma redução do módulo. O aumento da energia de compactação e o aumento dos teores de bioenzima resultaram em aumento do módulo; porém, considerando os mesmos teores, houve redução com o aumento do Período de Cura. Considerando-se a obtenção de maiores valores de módulo, seria recomendável a utilização de maiores teores de bioenzima, tais como 0,6 e 0,8 ml/10 kg de solo, a julgar por maiores ganhos com relação a menores teores e a menor redução com o passar do tempo. No CBR e uso da energia modificada, todos os teores de bioenzima e os com a adição de 70% de ADF superaram o valor do solo puro. Para aplicação como camada de sub-base, os materiais que atingiram o valor mínimo estabelecido por norma de 20% de CBR foram o solo puro nas energias intermediária e modificada, todos os teores de bioenzima e os teores de 40 a 80% de ADF; e como camada de base, somente o solo-cimento a partir de 10% na energia intermediária / Abstract: A research program was carried out to study the stabilization of a lateritic clay soil, so named, LG' by MCT soil system classification and reported their results in compaction tests, unconfined compressive strength, resilient modulus and California bearing ratio in the pure state and after the use of stabilization. The techniques used are chemical stabilization with the use of a bioenzyme and cement, varying the compaction effort and finally the grain size with the addition of waste foundry sand WFS. In compactation, it was used all the techniques, and the increase in maximum dry density and optimum moisture content decreased compared to pure material was achieved with mechanical stabilization in modified energy, stabilize grain size with all levels of WFS and chemical stabilization with adding 10% of cement. The maximum dry density was achieved with 70% WFS. In unconfined compressive strength tests, chemical stabilization was used and the minimum value of 2,1 MPa was reached only after 10% of cement. In resilient modulus tests were used, variations in compaction and bioenzyme, all tests showed cohesive material behavior, and it is more influenced by the axial strength, and, with this increase, it occurs a reduction of the modulus; increased energy compacting and increased levels of bioenzyme resulted in increased modulus, but considering the same levels, a reduction with increasing curing time. With the aim to achieving higher modulus values, it would be recommended to use higher levels of bioenzyme, such as 0.6 and 0.8 ml/10 kg of soil, there seen the biggest gains with respect to lower grades and smaller reduction over time. In the CBR, the techniques that exceeded the value of pure soil were, the use of the modified energy, all contents of bioenzyme and with the addition of 70% WFS. For application as sub-base layer, the materials that have reached the minimum value set by the standard CBR of 20% were, pure soil in the intermediate and modified energy, all contents of bioenzyme and contents of 40 to 80% of the WFS; and as a base layer only the soil-cement from 10 % in the intermediate energy / Mestrado / Transportes / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

This research presents the results on an experimental investigation to identify the effect of polyphosphoric acid (PPA) on aging characteristics of an asphalt binder. Addition of PPA to asphalt binders is said to improve performance of flexible pavements. Asphalt binder PG 64-22 in modified and unmodified conditions was subjected to aging in the laboratory using a regular oven and also simulated short term aging using rolling thin film oven (RTFO) test. Aging experiments were conducted to analyze the extent of oxidation in terms of changes in molecular structure of the asphalt binder. These changes were appraised using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), and epifluorescence microscopy tests. FTIR was used to determine the changes in major bands with addition of PPA. Stiffness and viscoelastic behaviors of asphalts were determined from the DSR test. The stiffness is measured by calculating the shear modulus, G* and the viscoelastic behavior is measured by calculating the phase angle, sin δ. Epifluorescence microscopy is a tool used to study properties of organic or inorganic substances. The morphological characteristics of PPA modified asphalt samples were observed through epifluorescence microscopy. Epifluorescence microscopy reveals the polymer phase distribution in the asphalt binders. Results of this investigation show PPA addition to asphalt binders improve G*/sin δ characteristics of asphalt binders. In addition, presence of PPA in polymer containing asphalt did not adversely affect aging of the binders.

Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavements (PICP) have seen increased popularity in the principles of Water Sensitive Urban Design and Sustainable Drainage Systems in recent years. To address certain design queries that still existed in industry, a two-year experimental study was conducted. It entailed the construction of an Infiltration Table Apparatus and subjecting a representative volume of PICP to hydraulic testing within it. The study aimed at determining the controls of the flow of water into and through these pavements, the effect of variations in construction materials and incline on them, the validity of the hydraulic testing methods currently being applied to them in industry and lastly, to inform on their infiltration rates. A host of permeability data for PICP was gained and it was found that both the choice of materials and the incline on which PICP are constructed, can change their hydraulic properties drastically. In general, the selection of lower permeability materials in the surface portion of the layer works decreased the overall permeability of the pavement, while increases in inclines did the same. In addition, it was found that field investigation techniques require revision and further innovation before they can be effectively applied to PICP. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Bosun Brick (Pty) Ltd. / Geology / MSc / Unrestricted

No description available.

No description available.

In most road infrastructure networks, the two prevalent types of pavements considered during the pavement type selection (PTS) process are flexible and rigid. Thus, these two structures are the most commonly constructed in the road industry. A consideration of a different pavement alternative is proposed in this study. Composite pavements, which are in essence a combination of a rigid base overlaid with a hot-mix asphalt (HMA) surface course, have the potential to meet the technical and economic requirements that are sought in the PTS process. For that reason, technical and economic evaluations were performed to justify the consideration of composite pavement systems in the PTS process. At the technical level, composite pavement design guidelines from various transportation agencies were obtained and followed to design their respective composite pavement structures. A mechanistic analysis based on the multi-layer linear elastic theory was performed on different composite structures to understand the behavior they present when compared to traditional pavements. In addition, distresses affecting composite pavements such as fatigue (bottom-up and top-down) cracking, rutting, and reflective cracking were modeled and investigated using sensitivity analyses. At the economic level, a deterministic life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) based on Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) guidelines was performed. This LCCA compared two proposed composite pavements (one with a cement-treated base [CTB] and the other with a continuously reinforced concrete pavement [CRCP] base) to traditional flexible and rigid pavement structures. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses involving discount rates and traffic volumes were performed to investigate their effect on the present worth (PW) computation of the four pavement alternatives. Results from this study suggest that composite pavements have both the technical and economic potential to be considered during the PTS process. / Master of Science