Digitizing objects and environments from real world has become an important part of creating realistic computer graphics. Through the use of structured lighting and laser time-of-flight measurements the capturing of geometric models is now a common process. The result are visualizations where viewers gain new possibilities for both visual and intellectual experiences. This thesis presents the reconstruction of the Parthenon temple and its environment in Athens, Greece by using a 3D laser-scanning technique. In order to reconstruct a realistic model using 3D scanning techniques there are various phases in which the acquired datasets have to be processed. The data has to be organized, registered and integrated in addition to pre and post processing. This thesis describes the development of a suitable and efficient data processing pipeline for the given data. The approach differs from previous scanning projects considering digitizing this large scale object at very high resolution. In particular the issue managing and processing huge datasets is described. Finally, the processing of the datasets in the different phases and the resulting 3D model of the Parthenon is presented and evaluated.

Cette étude porte une analyse comparative entre quatre projets de coopération gazière en Amérique du Sud et Asie du Sud-Est. Elle repère le rôle du leadership en soulignant des questions qui importent aux acteurs et des facteurs qui conditionnent les stratégies pour former les coopérations gazières régionales. Le principal but du plan méthodologique est de développer un cadre d'analytique de leadership et de construire une narrative analytique des quatre projets de coopération gazière. Ce faisant, l'étude traite analytiquement des sources primaires et secondaires qui sont renforcées par des entretiens d'expert ainsi que des observations sur le terrain. L'analyse comparative montre que des acteurs impliqués sont multiples et complexes. Leurs interactions se produisent à deux niveaux : politique et commercial. D'ailleurs, les deux niveaux sont affectés par trois contextes: politique, économique, et technique. Au niveau politique, des acteurs sont préoccupés de la stratégie pour formuler la vision et les objectifs du projet de coopération. Puisque l'Etat est l'acteur autoritaire, l'étude constate que la consultation avec d'autres acteurs est absente. Au niveau commercial, des acteurs publiques et privés sont en tête de la formation des partenariats ainsi que de s'engager dans le lobbying pour trouver à la fois du soutien politique et financier. Tel engagement intense entre des acteurs révèle un type de leadership particulier, nommé leadership par mandataire (proxy leadership). En dernière analyse, trois catalyseurs : le pouvoir, la gouvernance, et la culture, mènent l'approvisionnement en leadership en Amérique du Sud et Asie du Sud-Est. Tandis que le pouvoir et la culture sont plus forts en Amérique du Sud, la gouvernance a une présence assez faible dans les deux régions. / This study compares four natural gas pipeline cooperation projects in South America and Southeast Asia. It identifies the role of leadership by highlighting issues that matter to actors and factors that condition strategies to form regional gas cooperation projects. The study's key methodological objective is to develop a leadership analytical framework by synthesizing regime and leadership theories. It then constructs analytical narratives of the four natural gas pipeline cooperation projects. Toward this end, various primary and secondary sources are exploited, which are complemented by expert interviews and field observation. The comparative analysis shows that actors involved in regional gas cooperation projects are multiple and complex. Their interactions occur under two processes: political and commercial. These processes are further affected by three contexts: political, economic, and technical. At the political level, actors are preoccupied with the strategy to formulate vision and objectives for the cooperation project. Because states are dominant at this stage, consultation with larger stakeholders is often absent. At the commercial level, public and private actors are at the forefront forming partnerships and engaging themselves in intense lobbying for bath political and financial support. Such intense relationship between these actors reveals a particular leadership type called proxy leadership. The overall provision of leadership in both South America and Southeast Asia is driven by three catalysts: power, governance, and culture. While power and culture are more crucial in South American case studies, both regions seem to share rather weak governance in forming regional gas cooperation projects.

[pt] O escoamento bifásico no regime de golfadas é um padrão de escoamento que requer esforço em sua caracterização e modelagem, devido às características marcantes da distribuição espacial das fases, que gera intermitência ao escoamento. Este escoamento ocorre na presença de uma grande faixa de vazões de gás e líquido, em tubulações de diâmetro médio e pequeno, com variação periódica da densidade, fração de vazio e pressões na seção transversal da tubulação. No presente trabalho estuda-se numericamente o regime de golfadas ao longo de tubulações horizontais utilizando-se o Modelo de Dois Fluidos. Uma análise detalhada das estatísticas do escoamento é realizada com a caracterização dos principais parâmetros de uma golfada, como comprimento, velocidade da frente e cauda e freqüência de passagem das golfadas ao longo da tubulação. Os dados obtidos das simulações são analisados através de histogramas de distribuição assim como de funções densidade de probabilidade (PDF) das variáveis hidrodinâmicas, destacando-se o caráter estocástico do escoamento no padrão de golfadas. Adicionalmente, comparações com dados de trabalhos experimentais da literatura foram realizadas com concordância muito boa. / [en] Slug flow is a two-phase flow pattern that requires large effort in its characterization and modeling, due to special characteristics of the phase’s spatial distribution, which causes flow intermittency. This flow occurs in a wide range of gas and liquid flow rates in pipes of medium and small diameters, with periodic variation of density, void fraction and pressures in pipe-cross-section. This work presents a numerical study of the slug regime through horizontal pipes using the Two-Fluid Model. A detailed statistical analysis of the flow was carried out with characterization of main slug parameters, such as slug length, front and tail velocities and slug frequency along the pipeline. The numerical results were analyzed through distribution histograms as well as probability density function (PDF) of the hydrodynamic variables, showing the stochastic characteristic of slug flow pattern. Further, comparisons with experimental data from the literature were performed, showing very good agreement.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This study has successfully identified transcripts differentially expressed in the salivary gland and midgut and provides candidate genes that are critical to response to parasite invasion. Furthermore, an open-source Glossina resource (G-ESTMAP) was developed that provides interactive features and browsing of functional genomics data for researchers working in the field of Trypanosomiasis on the African continent. / South Africa

Magister Legum - LLM / As a case study, the paper analyzes the Bank’s role in the Chad-Cameroon Petroleum Development and Oil Pipeline project (the project) in which the Bank has been involved since the year 2000. The paper presents the lessons, challenges and implications from this protection of human rights.

Buried pipeline networks play a vital role in the transportation of oil and natural gas from centers of production to centers of consumption. A common manufacturing technique for such pipes is the UOE process, where a flat steel plate is first formed into a U shape, then into an O shape, welded at the seam, and mechanically expanded before being shipped on site. The UOE forming process deforms the pipe material plastically and induces residual strains in the pipe. Such pipes are commonly buried on side and then are pressurized under the high head of the fluids they convey which induce hoop stresses as high as 80% of the pipe yield strength. When buried pipelines cross the regions of discontinuous permafrost, they undergo differential frost heaving, inducing significant bending deformations, which potentially induce local buckling in the pipe wall. To control local buckling, design standards impose threshold limits on buckling strains. Such threshold values are primarily based on costly full-scale experimental results. Past nonlinear finite element analysis attempts aiming at determining the threshold buckling strains have neglected the presence of residual stresses induced by the UOE forming and were thus found to grossly overestimate the buckling strains compared to those based experiments. Within the above context, the present study focuses on developing a numerical technique to predict the residual stresses induced during UOE forming, and incorporating the induced residual stresses in 3D nonlinear FEA modeling to more reliably predict buckling strain limits. Comparisons with conventional analysis techniques that omit residual stresses reveal the importance of incorporating residual stresses induced in forming when quantifying buckling strains.

Notorious for its high poverty levels and low socio-economic status, the Navajo Nation’s socio-economic well-being is hindered greatly in part by the lack of an adequate potable water infrastructure which has resulted in health disparities and has attributed to stunted economic growth within the Nation. Large candidate regional water transmission pipelines projects aimed to meet these needs have been identified. With capital costs exceeding their fiscal capability, decision-makers must choose projects that generate the most bang for the buck. To address these challenges, three (3) interconnected planning tools have been developed: (1) a water pipe installation construction cost estimation model (WaterCOSTE) to improve the accuracy of capital cost estimates; (2) a hydraulic optimization model (WaterTRANS) that improves design efficiency for branched water transmission systems; and (3) a decision support system (DSS) that allows candidate water transmission projects to be ranked while considering economic development, health improvement and environmental protection objectives. Estimates derived from WaterCOSTE are used as input into WaterTRANS to find least-cost system designs. The system costs along with other project data are then input into the DSS to determine project rankings. To demonstrate how the DSS can be used and applied, two candidate projects on the Navajo Nation are evaluated. The tools developed will enable decision-makers to improve planning processes and make wiser investment decisions that will lead to expanding the water infrastructure coverage and living conditions on the Navajo Nation.

A nacionalização dos hidrocarbonetos pelo presidente boliviano Evo Morales, em maio de 2006, provocou a mais séria crise na política externa brasileira durante o primeiro mandato presidencial de Lula. A decisão prejudicou os interesses da Petrobras, na época a maior empresa instalada na Bolívia, com presença em todos os ramos da atividade petroleira. O conflito foi amplificado pela existência de uma relação de interdependência entre os dois países com base no gasoduto de 3.150 quilômetros, que transporta quase a metade do gás natural consumido pela indústria no Brasil. Com a nacionalização sem expropriação, segundo a fórmula adotada por Morales, as empresas estrangeiras foram autorizadas a permanecer na Bolívia, mas tiveram de renegociar seus contratos, aceitando a ampliação da receita fiscal (government take) obtida pelo governo a partir da produção petroleira. Essa decisão do governo boliviano expôs as contradições da política do Brasil para a América do Sul. Lula, pressionado pela oposição conservadora, intercedeu em defesa dos lucros da Petrobras, mas ao mesmo tempo reconheceu a nacionalização como expressão do direito soberano da Bolívia em legislar sobre seus próprios recursos naturais, abstendo-se de represálias. A tese explora a ambigüidade do comportamento regional do Brasil, que tenta conciliar um discurso de solidariedade em relação aos vizinhos menos desenvolvidos com uma política de expansão das empresas brasileiras e de proteção dos investimentos no exterior. O conflito em torno do gás boliviano abalou os planos brasileiros de liderança regional sul-americana e tornou mais difícil a integração energética, uma das prioridades da política externa de Lula. / The nationalization of hidrocarbons by Bolivian president Evo Morales, in May 2006, has provocated the most serious crisis in Brazilian foreign policy during Lulas first presidential term. The decision has damaged the interests of Petrobras, then the biggest corporation in Bolivia, operating in all branches of oil activities. The conflict was amplified by the interdependent relationship between the two countries through a 3.150 kilometers gasoduct, which carries almost half the natural gas consumed by Brazilian industry. By nationalization without expropriation, according to Morales formula, foreign oil corporations were allowed to stay in Bolivia, but were forced to renegociate their contracts, increasing the government take on oil and gas production. Bolivian governments decision has exposed the contradictions of Brazilian foreign policy towards its South American neighbors. Lula, under pressure from conservative opposition, has acted on behalf of Petrobras profits, but at the same time he recognized Bolivian right to set the rules on its own natural resources, and has not taken any reprisal. The thesis explores the ambiguities of Brazilian regional behavior, trying to conciliate a discourse of solidarity to lesser developed neighbors with the international expansion of Brazilian companies and investment protection abroad. The conflict about Bolivian gas has shattered Brazilian plans for regional leadership and turned more difficult energy regional integration, one of the priorities of Lulas foreign policy.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2016-09-15T21:10:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao1 - F.pdf: 19663712 bytes, checksum: b4d07b5a7a0e8418855eb7151fddc47c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-15T21:10:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao1 - F.pdf: 19663712 bytes, checksum: b4d07b5a7a0e8418855eb7151fddc47c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-16 / This work shows the development of a graphical interface to reduce spectroscopic observations of peculiar galaxies present in the Catalogue of Southern Peculiar Galaxies and Associations (Arp and Madore 1987). The data have been observed with the Cassegrain spectrograph installed at the 1.6-m telescope of the Observat?rio do Pico dos Dias, Brazil/Laborat?rio Nacional de Astrof?sica ? Minist?rio da Ci?ncia Tecnologia e Inova??o (OOD/LNA-MCTI). The interface is called "PyOPD-Cass". In this project, the tasks present in IRAF package are sequenced together in order to produce calibrated data in flux and wavelength. Thus, the methodology used to reduce spectral data allows the user to quickly and easily insert all the necessary parameters for the spectral reduction process. The material developed in this work, within the concept of "pipeline", has the advantage of minimizing the time in the spectral reduction. As application of the computational process, we show only the spectral reduction to a selected set of 73 peculiar galaxies with emission lines observed over the long-term project carried out in OPD/LNA-MCTI ("Spectroscopic Study of Peculiar Galaxies and associations", OP2012A-009). The scientific results of these active galaxies will be discussed later in another study, already under development. All the development program was conducted in Python, further comprising PyRAF language and PyQt adapter as a basis for the final GUI architecture. / Este trabalho, aplicado na sub?rea de Astronomia Extragal?ctica, apresenta o desenvolvimento de uma interface gr?fica de redu??o de dados espectrais no ?ptico para Gal?xias Peculiares e Associa??es do Cat?logo de Arp e Madore (?A Catalogue of Southern Peculiar Galaxies and Associations?, 1987), que vem sendo observadas com o espectr?grafo Cassegrain instalado no foco f/10 do telesc?pio de 1,60m do OPD/LNA-MCTI (Observat?rio do Pico dos Dias/Laborat?rio Nacional de Astrof?sica ? Minist?rio da Ci?ncia Tecnologia e Inova??o). Denominamos a mesma neste trabalho de ?PyOPD-Cass?. Neste projeto de Computa??o Aplicada, as tarefas de redu??o de dados presentes no IRAF ser?o sequenciadas e agrupadas afim de produzir dados finais calibrados em fluxo e comprimento de onda. Dessa forma, constru?mos uma metodologia otimizada para a redu??o dos dados espectrais, a qual permitir? ao usu?rio a inser??o de maneira f?cil e r?pidade todos os par?metros necess?rios para o processo de redu??o espectral. O material desenvolvido neste trabalho, dentro do conceito de "pipeline", possui a grande vantagem de minimizar o tempo de redu??o espectral em rela??o ao processo empregado atualmente. Como aplica??o do processo computacional desenvolvido neste trabalho, ser? mostrada apenas a redu??oespectral para um conjunto selecionado de 73 gal?xias peculiarescom linhas de emiss?o observadas ao longo do projeto de longo prazo realizado no OPD/LNA-MCTI (?Estudo Espectrosc?pico de Gal?xias Peculiares e Associa??es?, OP2012A-009), de autoria do orientador deste trabalho dissertativo. Todo desenvolvimento de programa??o foi realizado no ambiente Python, integrando ainda a linguagem PyRAF e o adaptador de linguagem PyQT, como base para a arquitetura final da interface gr?fica.

Feature detection and matching is an important step in many object tracking and detection algorithms. This paper discusses methods to improve upon previous work on the SYnthetic BAsis feature descriptor (SYBA) algorithm, which describes and compares image features in an efficient and discreet manner. SYBA utilizes synthetic basis images overlaid on a feature region of interest (FRI) to generate binary numbers that uniquely describe the feature contained within the FRI. These binary numbers are then used to compare against feature values in subsequent images for matching. However, in a non-ideal environment the accuracy of the feature matching suffers due to variations in image scale, and rotation. This paper introduces a new version of SYBA which processes FRI’s such that the descriptions developed by SYBA are rotation and scale invariant. To demonstrate the improvements of this robust implementation of SYBA called rSYBA, included in this paper are applications that have to cope with high amounts of image variation. The first detects objects along an oil pipeline by transforming and comparing frame-by-frame two surveillance videos recorded at two different times. The second shows camera pose plotting for a ground based vehicle using monocular visual odometry. The third generates panoramic images through image stitching and image transforms. All applications contain large amounts of image variation between image frames and therefore require a significant amount of correct feature matches to generate acceptable results.