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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Experiment based development of a non-isothermal pore network model with secondary capillary invasion / Développement d'un modèle de sèchage non-isotherme fondée sure experiences micro-fluidic / Experimentbasierte Entwicklung eines Porennetzwerkmodelles für die nicht-isotherme Trocknung

Vorhauer, Nicole 18 September 2018 (has links)
Dans cette thèse, des simulations PN de séchage sont comparées à des données expérimentales obtenues dans le séchage d´un réseau de micro-fluidique 2D représentatif dans du SiO2 soumis à des conditions thermiques variables dans le but d’identifier les phénomènes physiques à l´échelle des pores qui sont les plus influents. A partir de cette étude, un PN efficace non-isotherme est développé. Ce modèle incorpore i) les phénomènes associés à la dépendendence en température de l´invasion à l´échelle des pores, c´est à dire l´invasion capillaire sous effet thermique et le flux de vapeur ainsi que ii) le transport secondaire induit par d´épais films liquides observé dans les expériences de microfluidique. Cette étude prouve clairement que le comportement macroscopique du séchage est fondamentalement dirigé par le gradient de température imposé sur le PN ainsi que par le transport capillaire secondaire. En accord avec la littérature, les schémas d´invasion que l´on trouve dans l´invasion percolatrice avec l´évaporation progressive d´amas individuels sont observés dans le séchage à variation de température locale négligeable;des gradients où la température diminue à partir de la surface (gradient de température négatif)peut stabiliser le front de séchage, qui évolue entre la phase gazeuse invasive et la phase liquide qui recule, alors qu´une température qui augmente à partir de la surface (gradient de température positif) amène à la déstabilisation de la phase liquide avec une percée prématurée de la branche gazeuse et l’initiation d´un deuxième front de séchage qui migre dans la direction opposé de celle du front de séchage original. Une attention particulière est prêtée aux régimes distincts que l´on trouve dans le second cas (gradient positif) parce qu´ils sont associés à différents procédés d´invasion à l´échelle des pores. Plus précisément, la dépendance en température de la tension de surface établit l´ordre d´invasion tant que la phase liquide est connectée au groupe liquide principal (que l´on trouve généralement pendant la première période de séchage). En revanche,l´étude détaillée des mécanismes de transfert de la vapeur met l´accent sur le fait que la diffusion de la vapeur à travers la région partiellement saturée peut contrôler les distributions des phases gazeuses et liquides à l´échelle des pores pendant la période de séchage lorsque la phase liquide est déconnectée en petits groupes. Cela est aussi lié à la croissance des amas induite par la condensation partielle de la vapeur. Cette thèse montre et discute en détail que cet effet ne dépend pas seulement de la direction et magnitude du gradient de température pour une distribution de tailles de pores donnée mais qu’en plus le taux d´évaporation influence le mécanisme de croissances des amas. Cela indique que la migration du liquide pendant la phase de séchage de milieux poreux peut être contrôlé par l’interaction des gradients thermiques et du taux de séchage. En somme, l´étude du séchage sous effet thermique des réseaux de pores 2D révèle des phénomènes complexes à l´échelle des pores, généralement aussi anticipés dans le séchage des milieux poreux réels. Cela mène au développement d´un modèle mathématique efficace au niveau des pores basés sur des découvertes expérimentales. Cette thèse démontre la manière dont ce modèle peut être appliqué afin de comprendre et développer des procédés de séchage modernes basés sur la simulation du transfert de masse sous effet thermique à l´échelle des pores / In this thesis, PN simulations of drying are compared with experimentally obtained data fromdrying of a representative 2D microfluidic network in SiO2 under varying thermal conditions withthe aim to identify governing physical pore scale effects. Gravity and viscous effects aredisregarded in this thesis. Instead drying with slight local temperature variation and drying withimposed thermal gradients are studied. Based on this investigation, a powerful non-isothermalPNM is developed. This model incorporates i) the phenomena associated with the temperaturedependency of pore scale invasion, namely thermally affected capillary invasion and vapor flow aswell as ii) the secondary effects induced by wetting liquid films of different morphology. This studyclearly evidences that the macroscopic drying behavior is fundamentally dictated by thetemperature gradient imposed on the PN and moreover by the secondary capillary invasion aswell. In agreement with literature, invasion patterns as in invasion percolation with progressiveevaporation of single clusters are observed in drying with negligible local temperature variation;gradients with temperature decreasing from the surface (negative temperature gradient) canstabilize the drying front, evolving between the invading gas phase and the receding liquid phase,whereas temperature increasing from the surface (positive temperature gradient) leads todestabilization of the liquid phase with early breakthrough of a gas branch and initiation of asecond invasion front migrating in opposite direction to the evaporation front receding from theopen surface of the PN. Special attention is paid on the distinct drying regimes found in thesituation of a positive gradient because they are associated with different pore scale invasionprocesses. More precisely, temperature dependency of surface tension dictates the order ofinvasion as long as the liquid phase is connected in a main liquid cluster (usually found during thefirst period of drying). In contrast to this, detailed study of the vapor transfer mechanismsemphasizes that vapor diffusion through the partially saturated region can control the pore leveldistributions of liquid and gas phase during the period of drying when the liquid phase isdisconnected into small clusters. This is also related to the cluster growth induced by partialcondensation of vapor. It is shown and discussed in detail in this thesis that this effect not onlydepends on direction and height of the temperature gradient for a given pore size distribution butthat moreover the overall evaporation rate influences the cluster growth mechanism. This indicatesthat liquid migration during drying of porous media might be controlled by the interplay of thermalgradients and drying rate. In summary, the study of thermally affected drying of the 2-dimensionalPN reveals complex pore scale mechanisms, usually also expected in drying of real porous media.This leads to the development of a strong mathematical pore scale model based on experimentalfindings. It is demonstrated how this model might be applied to understand and develop moderndrying processes based on the simulation of thermally affected pore scale mass transfer
12

Evaporation in porous media modelling : fundamental and applied models development /Modélisation de l'évaporation en milieu poreux : développement de modèles fondamentaux et appliqués

Debaste, Frédéric 11 July 2008 (has links)
L'étude des phénomènes fondamentaux de transport et de thermodynamique apparaissant lors de l'évaporation en milieu poreux permet l'investigation d'applications pratiques variées. Dans ce travail, nous développons des modèles fondamentaux d'évaporation en milieu poreux que nous appliquons ensuite au séchage en lit fluidisé de deux matériaux granulaires poreux : le PVC et la levure. Les modèles mis au point sont réalisés suivant une approche multiéchelle. Nous nous intéressons tout d'abord aux phénomènes se déroulant à l'échelle d'un pore. Les modèles développés à cette échelle sont ensuite exploités dans le cadre d'une étude à l'échelle d'un grain poreux. Le couplage des modèles de grain avec un modèle à l'échelle du réacteur permet alors l'étude des applications industrielles. A l'échelle du pore, nous étudions les phénomènes de transport dans un capillaire initialement rempli de liquide qui s'évapore vers l'atmosphère ambiante. L'objectif est de prédire le taux d'évaporation dans cette configuration. Nous nous intéressons successivement à la modélisation du transport de matière par convection-diffusion en phase gazeuse et la modélisation de l'impact de films liquides adsorbés à la paroi du capillaire sur le transport de matière. Ces deux modèles sont confrontés à des expériences d'évaporation en capillaires cylindriques visualisées à l'aide de deux dispositifs optiques. Le premier offre un suivi d'ensemble au cours du temps du capillaire, alors que le second, un interféromètre de Mach-Zehnder, permet une visualisation locale de la région entourant le ménisque. Le modèle portant sur le transport de matière par convection-diffusion mène à la définition d'un critère non dimensionnel permettant d'évaluer si la convection dans la phase gazeuse dans le capillaire doit être prise en compte pour évaluer le taux d'évaporation. Le modèle de film permet de prédire l'impact de celui-ci sur l'évaporation en présence d'un gaz inerte lorsque les mouvements convectifs en phase gazeuse sont négligeables. La confrontation de ce modèle avec les profils d'épaisseur des films obtenus à l'aide de interféromètre de Mach-Zehnder ne permet pas de valider le modèle, et ce, suite à une trop grande incertitude sur l'évaluation des interactions entre la paroi et le liquide. A l'échelle d'un grain, nous développons un modèle discret par réseau de pores et deux modèles continus pour tenter de prédire le taux d'évaporation et la distribution des phases dans le milieu poreux. Le modèle par réseau de pores prend en compte les transports de matière par diffusion en phase gazeuse, par convection dans les pores remplis de liquide et par convection dans les films liquides. Les effets visqueux en phase liquide sont également modelisés. Pour la prise en compte de ces derniers, nous montrons l'importance de l'usage d'un algorithme approprié. Nous évaluons ensuite au travers de trois nombres sans dimensions l'impact du transport par film et des effets visqueux sur l'évaporation et la distribution des phases. Cette analyse dimensionnelle est ensuite appliquée à l'étude de réseaux de pores pour lesquels la section des liaisons les constituant est idéalisée par des polygones réguliers. Pour les modèles continus après une vérification simplifiée de l'applicabilité de cette démarche, nous développons deux modèles simples. Dans les deux modèles, l'étape de séchage à vitesse constante est supposée limitée par le transport de matière externe au grain. Le premier modèle, dit à front pénétrant, suppose que l'étape de séchage à vitesse décroissante correspond à l'existence d'un front d'évaporation qui s'enfonce dans la matrice poreuse. Le second modèle, dit à surface d'échange variable, attribue cette même étape du séchage à une diminution progressive de la surface d'évaporation en surface du grain. A l'échelle du réacteur, nous présentons deux modèles visant à simuler deux types d'essais différents : le séchage en lit fluidisé et la thermogravimétrie analytique. Ces deux modèles sont couplés aux différents modèles à l'échelle de grain pour étudier le séchage de PVC et de levure tant en lit fluidisé que lors des essais de thermogravimétrie analytique. Dans le cas du PVC, le modèle par réseau de pores ne peut pas être appliqué de par la nécessité d'une trop grande puissance de calcul. Au niveau des modèles continus, nous montrons que l'application du modèle à surface d'échange variable permet de reproduire les courbes de séchage expérimentales des essais en lit fluidisé. Dans le cas de la levure, nous appliquons le modèle par réseau de pores et le modèle à front pénétrant. L'utilisation du modèle par réseau de pores nécessite une connaissance plus détaillée de la structure poreuse des grains. Le traitement d'une analyse par microtomographie nous permet d'obtenir un réseau de pores expérimental. Celui-ci est utilisé pour montrer que la méthode de caractérisation de la porosité par intrusion de mercure ne semble pas adaptée à un matériau deformable comme la levure. Le même réseau est utilisé pour simuler le séchage de grains de levure à l'aide du modèle par réseau de pores. Les simulations sont réalisées sur des réseaux équivalents à des coupes dans le solide. Le modèle par réseau de pores et le modèle à front pénétrant permettent tous deux de modéliser correctement le séchage de levure en lit fluidisé moyennant l'ajustement de leurs paramètres ajustables, respectivement la conductibilité des films liquide et la tortuosité. Pour l'essai de thermogravimétrie, ils ne parviennent à approcher que la première étape de celui-ci. Les avantages, défauts et complémentarités de ces deux modèles sont discutés. Nous évaluons ensuite l'impact du rétrécissement de la levure et des types d'eau sur le séchage de ce matériau. Le rétrécissement est, pour ce faire, mesuré à l'aide d'un stéréomicroscope. Ces premières mesures, exploratoires, mènent à la définition d'un modèle empirique de retrait du solide au cours de son séchage. En le prenant en compte dans les modèles déjà appliqués à la levure, nous montrons que le retrait a un impact significatif sur l'étape de séchage à vitesse décroissante. Cet impact peut cependant être masqué intégralement par la réévaluation des paramètres ajustables des différents modèles. Finalement, l'étude des types d'eau au travers d'un modèle simple appliqué à l'essai de thermogravimétrie analytique montre que les types d'eau ne doivent pas être pris en compte pour modéliser le séchage de levure. A l'issue de ce travail, nous disposons donc de modèles fondamentaux d'évaporation en milieu poreux. Ceux-ci peuvent être appliqués à des cas d'intérêt industriel, comme nous le réalisons pour le PVC et la levure. Ils peuvent servir à améliorer la compréhension de ces procédés. Ils représentent donc des outils de choix pour la conception, le dimensionnement et l'optimisation du séchage.
13

Manufacturihng of heavy rings and large copper canisters by plastic deformation

Ssemakula, Hamzah January 2003 (has links)
Plastic deformation processes transform material fromas-received state to products meeting certain requirements inproperties, microstructure and shape. To achieve thistransformation, the relationship between material response andprocess conditions should be understood. This is usuallycomplicated by the complex conditions describing the actualprocess. Numerous techniques including empirical, physical,analytical and numerical can be employed. In this thesis, numerical technique supported by lab- andfull-scale experiments has been employed to analyse the formingparameters. The first part of the thesis is focused on the useof such parameters to predict occurrence of material poresduring manufacturing of bearing rings. The second part dealswith the influence of forming parameters on the grain sizeduring fabrication of large copper canisters for encapsulationof nuclear waste. The primary task has been to study with thehelp of commercial FE-codes the magnitude and distribution offorming parameters such as accumulated effective strain,temperature, instantaneous hydrostatic pressure and materialflow at different stages of the forming process. In the firstpart, two types of ring manufacturing routes, which result inpore free and pore loaded rings are studied and compared.Material elements located in different areas of the workpiecehave been traced throughout the process. Results of theaccumulated strain and instant hydrostatic pressure have beenanalysed and presented in pressure-strain space. It’sassumed that high hydrostatic pressures together with higheffective strains are favourable for pore closure. Area of theworkpiece with unfavourable parameters have been identified andcompared with ultrasonic test results. Good agreement has beenobtained. Based on the results of this analysis, a new conceptfor avoiding pores in manufacturing of yet heavier rings hasbeen presented. The concept proposes a lighter upsetting in theinitial stage of the process and a more efficient piercingwhich results in higher hydrostatic pressure and bigger andbetter distributed effective strain. In the second part of the thesis, the influence of formingparameters such as effective strain and temperature on thefinal grain size of the product has been studied in laboratoryscale. As-cast billets of cylindrical shape were extruded atdifferent temperatures and reductions. It has been shown thatthe grain size in the final product should be small in order toenable ultrasonic tests and to guarantee resistance towardscreep and corrosion. Simulations for different materialelements located at different distances from the axis ofsymmetry of the initial cylindrical workpiece have been carriedout. In this way, the parameters describing the deformationhistory of the elements have been determined as functions oftime. Experimentally obtained pre- and post deformation grainsize in the corresponding locations of the material weredetermined. It’s concluded that low temperature coupledwith high effective strain are conducive for obtaining a smallgrain size. Based on the beneficial conditions for extrusion ofcopper, a more detailed FE-analysis of a full-scale industrialprocess is carried out. A coarse-grained cast ingot of purecopper is heated and by upset forging formed into a cylinder,which is then punched into a hollow blank for subsequentextrusion. The blank is extruded over a mandrel through a45-degree semi-angle die. Accumulated effective strain andtemperatureas functions of the tubular wall thickness havebeen studied at five different locations along the tubularaxis. Forming load requirement as function of tool displacementfor each stage of the process has been determined. Strain andtemperature levels obtained have been related to the grain sizeinterval obtained in the earlier work. It has been concludedthat the levels reached are within the interval that ensures asmall grain size. A similar analysis has been carried out forforging of large copper lids and bottoms. Die designmodifications to improve the grain size in the lid and tooptimise the forging process with respect to forging load andmaterial yield have been proposed. A method requiring a smallforging load for fabrication of the lids has been analysed <b>Keywords:</b>Pores; grain size; low forging load; effective strain;temperature; hydrostatic pressure; extrusion; forging;canister; lid; rings
14

Pore formation from bubble entrapment by a solidification front and pore formation in solid

Hsiao, Shih-Yen 18 August 2012 (has links)
In this dissertation¡Atwo topics in microbubble systems are investigated¡G1) Pore Formation from Bubble Entrapment by a Solidification Front¡F2) Pore formation in Solid¡C In the first study¡Amechanism of the pore shape in solid resulted from a tiny bubble captured by a solidification front is geometrically and generally investigated¡CPore formation and its shape in solid are one of the most critical factors affecting properties¡Amicrostructure¡Aand stresses in materials¡CFor simplicity without loss of generality, the tiny bubble beyond the solidification front is considered to have a spherical cap in this work¡CIntroducing a geometrical analysis it is found that the contact angle of the bubble cap can be governed by the Abel¡¦s equation of the first kind in terms of displacement of the solidification front¡CThe pore can be elongated, expanded¡Ashrunk and closed¡Adepending on relative variation of the bubble growth rate and solidification rate¡CThe pore can be closed by imposing infinitesimal bubble growth rate-to-solidification rate ratio¡Aand a finite bubble growth-to-solidification rate ratio in order to produce a minimal bubble radius at the contact angle of ¡CA criterion intuitively accepted in the literature¡Astating that closure of a pore is attributed to a greater solidification rate than bubble growth rate¡Ais incorrect¡CThe predicted pore shape and contact angle agree with experimental observations¡CManipulating either bubble growth rate or solidification rate can control pore formation in solid¡C In second study¡Athe shapes of a growing or decaying bubble entrapped by a solidification front are predicted in this work¡CThe bubble results from supersaturation of a dissolved gas in the liquid ahead of the solidification front¡CPore formation and its shape in solid are one of the most critical factors affecting properties¡Amicrostructure, and stresses in materials¡CIn this study¡Athe bubble and pore shapes entrapped in solid can be described by a three-dimensional phase diagram¡Aobtained from perturbation solutions of Young-Laplace equation governing the tiny bubble shape in the literature¡CThe predicted growth and entrapment of a microbubble as a pore in solid are found to agree with experimental data¡CThis work thus provides a realistic prediction of the general growth of the pore shape as a function of different working parameters¡C
15

Relationships between observed pore and pore-throat geometries, measured porosity and permeability, and indirect measures of pore volume by nuclear magnetic resonance

Adams, Aaron J. 25 April 2007 (has links)
Carbonate reservoirs are a network of pores and connecting pore-throats that contain at least half of the world's oil. Genetic classification of carbonate pores enables one to map the pore types that have greatest influence on reservoir performance. Though NMR logging has been used to estimate pore sizes, it has not been used to identify genetic pore types or to aid in determinations of reservoir quality for different pore assemblages. Five genetic pore types identified in 40 carbonate and 7 sandstone samples were subjected to NMR measurements. Results reveal close correspondence between NMRderived pore volumes and 2-D pore size and shape gleaned from petrographic image analysis. Comparisons of real and synthetic pore shapes showed that shapes of all pore types in the medium size range of 0.02-0.5mm can be reliably compared with synthetic varieties, but such comparisons were unreliable for vuggy pores smaller than 0.5mm. T2 relaxation times for depositional pores exhibit low amplitude, narrow wavelength responses. Moldic pores produced medium amplitude, asymmetrical wavelength responses, and intercrystalline pores show high amplitude, narrow wavelength responses. NMR-derived pore volumes on pores with ferroan dolomite interiors underestimated pore diameter by up to 3 orders of magnitude. Calculated pore-throat sizes from MICP data correlate strongly with measured permeability. Samples with high, intermediate, or low poroperm values displayed characteristic T2 curves confirming that reservoir quality can be estimated from NMR measurements. Future work is expected to show that NMR logging can estimate reservoir quality at field scale and aid in mapping flow units in compartmentalized reservoirs.
16

Manufacturihng of heavy rings and large copper canisters by plastic deformation

Ssemakula, Hamzah January 2003 (has links)
<p>Plastic deformation processes transform material fromas-received state to products meeting certain requirements inproperties, microstructure and shape. To achieve thistransformation, the relationship between material response andprocess conditions should be understood. This is usuallycomplicated by the complex conditions describing the actualprocess. Numerous techniques including empirical, physical,analytical and numerical can be employed.</p><p>In this thesis, numerical technique supported by lab- andfull-scale experiments has been employed to analyse the formingparameters. The first part of the thesis is focused on the useof such parameters to predict occurrence of material poresduring manufacturing of bearing rings. The second part dealswith the influence of forming parameters on the grain sizeduring fabrication of large copper canisters for encapsulationof nuclear waste. The primary task has been to study with thehelp of commercial FE-codes the magnitude and distribution offorming parameters such as accumulated effective strain,temperature, instantaneous hydrostatic pressure and materialflow at different stages of the forming process. In the firstpart, two types of ring manufacturing routes, which result inpore free and pore loaded rings are studied and compared.Material elements located in different areas of the workpiecehave been traced throughout the process. Results of theaccumulated strain and instant hydrostatic pressure have beenanalysed and presented in pressure-strain space. It’sassumed that high hydrostatic pressures together with higheffective strains are favourable for pore closure. Area of theworkpiece with unfavourable parameters have been identified andcompared with ultrasonic test results. Good agreement has beenobtained. Based on the results of this analysis, a new conceptfor avoiding pores in manufacturing of yet heavier rings hasbeen presented. The concept proposes a lighter upsetting in theinitial stage of the process and a more efficient piercingwhich results in higher hydrostatic pressure and bigger andbetter distributed effective strain.</p><p>In the second part of the thesis, the influence of formingparameters such as effective strain and temperature on thefinal grain size of the product has been studied in laboratoryscale. As-cast billets of cylindrical shape were extruded atdifferent temperatures and reductions. It has been shown thatthe grain size in the final product should be small in order toenable ultrasonic tests and to guarantee resistance towardscreep and corrosion. Simulations for different materialelements located at different distances from the axis ofsymmetry of the initial cylindrical workpiece have been carriedout. In this way, the parameters describing the deformationhistory of the elements have been determined as functions oftime. Experimentally obtained pre- and post deformation grainsize in the corresponding locations of the material weredetermined. It’s concluded that low temperature coupledwith high effective strain are conducive for obtaining a smallgrain size. Based on the beneficial conditions for extrusion ofcopper, a more detailed FE-analysis of a full-scale industrialprocess is carried out. A coarse-grained cast ingot of purecopper is heated and by upset forging formed into a cylinder,which is then punched into a hollow blank for subsequentextrusion. The blank is extruded over a mandrel through a45-degree semi-angle die. Accumulated effective strain andtemperatureas functions of the tubular wall thickness havebeen studied at five different locations along the tubularaxis. Forming load requirement as function of tool displacementfor each stage of the process has been determined. Strain andtemperature levels obtained have been related to the grain sizeinterval obtained in the earlier work. It has been concludedthat the levels reached are within the interval that ensures asmall grain size. A similar analysis has been carried out forforging of large copper lids and bottoms. Die designmodifications to improve the grain size in the lid and tooptimise the forging process with respect to forging load andmaterial yield have been proposed. A method requiring a smallforging load for fabrication of the lids has been analysed</p><p><b>Keywords:</b><i>Pores; grain size; low forging load; effective strain;temperature; hydrostatic pressure; extrusion; forging;canister; lid; rings</i></p>
17

Charge Development at Iron Oxyhydroxide Surfaces : The Interplay between Surface Structure, Particle Morphology and Counterion Identity

Kozin, Philipp A. January 2014 (has links)
Iron (oxyhydr)oxide (FeOOH) minerals play important roles in various natural, technological and societal settings. The widespread abundance of these minerals has prompted numerous studies on their surface reactivity in aqueous media. Surface charge development, one that namely takes place through the adsorption of potential determining ions (p.d.i.; H+, OH-) and coadsorption of counterions (e.g. Cl-, ClO4-, Na+), is particularly interesting in this regard. Mineral surface charge development is determined by numerous factors related to the interplay of mineral surface structure, particle morphology and counterion identity. In this thesis the interplay between these factors is resolved by monitoring charge development on submicron-sized synthetic iron oxyhydroxide particles of different structures and sizes in aqueous media with counteranions of contrasting charge-to-size ratio (i.e. NaCl, NaClO4). This work, which is summarized in an introductory chapter and detailed in five appendices, is focused on three types of synthetic lepidocrocite (ã- FeOOH) of different shapes and surface roughness, three types of goethite (á-FeOOH) of different levels of surface roughness, and finally akaganéite (â-FeOOH), a mineral representing unique ion exchange properties due to its hollandite-type structure. While charge development was chiefly monitored by high precisition potentiometric titrations, these efforts were supported by a range of techniques including electrolyte ion uptake by cryogenic X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, particle imaging by (high resolution) transmission electron microscopy, porosity analysis by N2 adsorption/desorption, surface potential development by electrokinetics, as well as thermodynamic adsorption modeling. These efforts showed that lepidocrocite particles of contrasting morphology and surface roughness acquired highly comparable pH and ionic strength p.d.i. loadings. Equilibriation times required to develop these loadings were however altered when particles became aggregated by aging. Goethite particles of contrasting surface roughness also acquired incongruent p.d.i. loadings, which were predominantly explained by the different charge-neutralizing capabilities of these surfaces, some of which were related to pore size distributions controlling the entrance of ions of contrasting sizes. Such size exclusion effects were also noted for the case of akaganéite where its bulk 0.4×0.4 nm wide channels permitted chloride diffusion but blocked perchlorate. Charge development at goethite surfaces in binary mixtures of NaCl and NaClO4 solutions also showed that the larger size-to-charge ratio chloride ion exerted a strong effect on these results even when present as a minor species. Many of these aforementioned effects were also modeled using variable, counterion- and loading-specific, Stern layer capacitance values. The findings summarized in this thesis are providing a better understanding of surface processes occurring at iron oxyhydroxide surfaces. They should impact our ability in designing uses of such particles, for example, effective sorption in aquatic media, as well as to understand how they behave in natural systems.
18

The diphenylpyrazole compound anle138b blocks Aβ channels and rescues disease phenotypes in a mouse model for amyloid pathology

Martinez Hernandez, Ana, Urbanke, Hendrik, Gillman, Alan L, Lee, Joon, Ryazanov, Sergey, Agbemenyah, Hope Y, Benito, Eva, Jain, Gaurav, Kaurani, Lalit, Grigorian, Gayane, Leonov, Andrei, Rezaei‐Ghaleh, Nasrollah, Wilken, Petra, Arce, Fernando Teran, Wagner, Jens, Fuhrman, Martin, Caruana, Mario, Camilleri, Angelique, Vassallo, Neville, Zweckstetter, Markus, Benz, Roland, Giese, Armin, Schneider, Anja, Korte, Martin, Lal, Ratnesh, Griesinger, Christian, Eichele, Gregor, Fischer, Andre 01 1900 (has links)
Alzheimer's disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disease eventually leading to dementia. An effective treatment does not yet exist. Here we show that oral application of the compound anle138b restores hippocampal synaptic and transcriptional plasticity as well as spatial memory in a mouse model for Alzheimer's disease, when given orally before or after the onset of pathology. At the mechanistic level, we provide evidence that anle138b blocks the activity of conducting Ab pores without changing the membrane embedded A beta-oligomer structure. In conclusion, our data suggest that anle138b is a novel and promising compound to treat AD-related pathology that should be investigated further.
19

Modélisation multi-échelle du transport électrocinétique en milieu poreux chargé / Multiscale modeling of electrokinetic transport in charged porous media

Obliger, Amaël 23 September 2014 (has links)
Dans le cadre du stockage des déchets nucléaires en couche géologique profonde (projet Cigéo), il est nécessaire de pouvoir prédire l'écoulement des radionucléides sous forme ionique dans des milieux poreux chargés tels que l'argile. Les matériaux argileux sont complexes et il est difficile de connaître leur structure, surtout à l'échelle nanoscopique où les phénomènes électrocinétiques deviennent primordiaux. Dans ce cas, la stratégie adoptée dans ce travail est de représenter la porosité à l'aide d'un réseau de pores connectés entre eux par des canaux. Cela nécessite de connaître les propriétés du transport couplé à l'échelle du canal en prenant en compte les flux de solvant, de solutés et de charges sous l'influence de gradients de pression, de concentration en sel et de potentiel électrostatique. La description du transport électrocinétique utilisée correspond à celle du modèle de Poisson-Nernst-Planck. On peut ainsi montrer que le comportement de ces propriétés peut différer entre l'échelle du canal et celle de l'échantillon (réseaux construits aléatoirement à partir de distributions de paramètres). Par exemple, on constate que la perméabilité d'un réseau diminue si les effets électrocinétiques augmentent, ce qui n'est pas le cas à l'échelle du canal. Ces différences proviennent de la présence simultanée de couplages entre les flux et de l'hétérogénéité du milieu. Un échantillon numérique ayant les mêmes propriétés qu'un échantillon réel d'argile a ainsi été créé au terme d'un processus de sélection des distributions de paramètres des canaux, il a ainsi servi à réaliser des études préliminaires sur le colmatage et la désaturation. / As part of the disposal of nuclear waste in deep geological formations (Cigéo project), it is necessary to predict the flow of radionuclides in ionic form in charged porous media such as clays. The clay materials are complex and it is difficult to know their structure, especially at the nanoscale where electrokinetic phenomena become paramount. In this case, the strategy adopted in this work is to represent the porosity with a network of pores interconnected by channels. This requires to know the properties of the coupled transport at the channel scale taking into account the flow of solvent, solutes and charges under the influence of gradients of pressure, salt concentration and electrostatic potential. We used the Poisson-Nernst-Planck model to describe the electrokinetic transport in the channels. It can be shown that the behavior of these properties may vary between the channel scale and the sample scale (random networks constructed from parameters distributions). For example, it is found that the permeability of a network decreases as electrokinetic effects increase, which is not the case at the level of a single channel. These differences arise from the simultaneous presence of coupling between the flows and the heterogeneity of the sample. A numerical sample having the same properties as real clay sample has been created following a process of selection of the channels parameters, it has been used to conduct preliminary studies on clogging and desaturation in clay.
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INFLUENCE OF PORE GEOMETRY ON THE RATE OF DIFFUSION THROUGH POROUS BARRIERS

Schwartz, Ravi Zechariah 02 May 2023 (has links)
No description available.

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