Orientador: José Sterza Justo / Banca: Alejandra Astrid Leon Cedeno / Banca: Rafael de Oliveira Rodrigues / Resumo: A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo problematizar os processos de subjetivação na cidade a partir das práticas dos coletivos urbanos. Compreendendo os processos urbanos e subjetivos, não como duas entidades separadas, mas como processos congruentes, localizados num mesmo plano de existência, partimos da perspectiva, de que os processos de subjetivação estão em conexão e emergem dos campos, social, político, econômico, urbano, histórico. Neste trabalho de pesquisa, as ações coletivas são tomadas como disparador para pensar o urbano, visto que a cidade se dá como lugar comum das experiências, dos conflitos, das manifestações, um espaço social e político por natureza. Considerando o grande número de coletivos e suas diversividades de ações, o coletivo que será focalizado tem o nome de CIRCUS (Circuito de Interação de Redes Sociais), atua na cidade de Assis, interior de São Paulo. Instituída no ano de 2001 como Organização da Sociedade Civil de Interesse Público (OSCIP), sua prática está ligada à promoção de circuitos sociais com propostas nas áreas de cultura, trabalho, saúde, socioambiental e educação. Para tanto, mediante o acompanhamento e participação nas atividades desenvolvidas pela CIRCUS, foram realizadas cartografias dos processos de subjetivação disparados por suas ações nos espaços da cidade. O trabalho da CIRCUS, articulado com outras coletividades produziu uma atuação contínua, de tal maneira, que foi possível construir um novo território de circulação, o Galpão... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This research aims to problematize the processes of subjectivation in the city from the practices of urban collectives. Understanding the urban and subjective processes, not as two separate entities, but as a congruent process, located on the same plane of existence, we start from the perspective that the processes of subjectivation are connected and emerge from the social, political, economic and urban fields historic. In this research, collective actions are a trigger to think about the urban, since the city is the common place of experiences, conflicts, manifestations, therefore a social and political space by nature. Considering the large number of collectives and their diversity of actions, the collective focused is the CIRCUS (Circuit of Interaction of Social Networks), operates in the city of Assis, São Paulo. Established in 2001 as a Civil Society Organization of Public Interest (OSCIP), its practice is to link the promotion of social circuits with proposals in the areas of culture, work, health, socio-environmental and education. For this, by following and participating in the activities developed by CIRCUS, cartographies were made of the subjectivation process triggered by their actions in the city. The work of CIRCUS, articulated with other communities, produced a continuous action, in such way that it was possible to build a new territory of circulation in a shed, called "Galpão Cultural". The space is a reference point for artistic and cultural manifestations... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Norma Regina Truppel Constantino / Resumo: A pesquisa parte da análise da rua, um espaço comum a todos, que está enraizado em nossa mente ao pensarmos na cidade. A paisagem formadora de uma rua pode atrair ou não usuários para esse espaço. No início da formação das cidades, a rua era o local onde tudo acontecia: comércios, trocas, circulações, conversas importantes ou rotineiras. Com a evolução e o desenvolvimento das tecnologias, a forma urbana foi se adaptando e se modificando, assim como o cotidiano das pessoas. A popularização do automóvel foi um grande marco para essa transformação. Além disso, as tecnologias aumentaram a atratividade de estar em locais privados e muitas ruas deixaram de ser o palco de atividades e o espaço de permanência das pessoas. Esses fatores modificaram a paisagem urbana. O objetivo aqui é compreender os elementos atrativos nesse tipo de espaço a partir do estudo de sua paisagem contemporânea. Para isso, a metodologia propõe, além do aprofundamento teórico, o estudo de caso da Avenida Nações Unidas em Bauru, utilizando análises físicas e perceptivas, para entender e definir sua atratividade. Através do embasamento teórico, é possível gerar base para futuros projetos que se preocupem mais em construir paisagens urbanas atrativas, estabelecendo diretrizes para esse fim. Definindo uma boa paisagem para as ruas, é possível, portanto, contribuir para a qualidade de vida nas cidades. / Abstract: The research starts from street analysis, a common space for all, which is rooted in our minds when thinking in cities. The former landscape of a street may or may not attract users for this space. Early in the formation of the cities the street was the place where everything happened; business, exchanges, circulations, important or casual talks. With the evolution and development of technologies, the urban form has been adapting e changing, just like the daily life of people. The car popularization was a great frame for this transformation. Besides, the technologies increased attractiveness of being in private places and many streets are no longer the stage of activities and the living space of people. These factors have changed the urban landscape. The objective here is to comprehend the attractive elements in this type of spaces from the study of this contemporary landscape. For this the methodology proposes, besides the theoretical deepening, the case study of avenue Nações Unidas in Bauru, using physical and perspectives analysis, to understand and define its attractiveness. Through theoretical background is possible to generate basis to future projects who are more concerned with building attractive landscapes, establishing guidelines for this purpose. Defining a good landscape for streets is possible, therefore, to contribute to the quality of life in the cities. / Mestre

This thesis aims to understand how the second-generation Afro-Swedes experience everyday racism in public spaces as racialized and gendered bodies. The three key dimensions of study are to recognize (1) blackness in public space, (2) experiences of everyday racism in public space, and (3) coping strategies to everyday racism. These three dimensions are gathered from six participants’ narratives done through semi-structured interviews. The thesis reveals that public spaces are based on lived experiences. The second-generation Afro-Swedes are likely to suffer from emotional damage while exposed to racism and discrimination acts in public spaces. The collective notion amongst the select group is that feeling unsafe and unwelcomed in predominantly white spaces hinders their mobility patterns. The internal individualization of the concept of blackness is additional; however, there are similarities in how the Swedish society misses the individual aspect of their identity and groups black people as a collective. The thesis further concludes that everyday racism is a product of structural racism and is thus the aspect society should focus on the most. More research needs to be done regarding second-generation Afro-Swedes and black people in Sweden about spatial processes of race and the interconnection with gender, focusing on the embodiment of space rather than segregation.

This master thesis explores and compares through two case studies the characteristics of public spaces in post-war housing areas in terms of appearance and uses in two different countries: France and Sweden. Through observations, interviews and readings, it aims at understanding to which extent public spaces can take part in the creation of social interactions and influence the general perception about such areas, and their importance in such processes. Public spaces play a great role in the democratization, the development and the identity formation of a society and of a place, but in post-war housing areas, criticisms raised about the deadness of these spaces which struggle in fulfilling these important roles. Still, Mermoz (Lyon, France) and Husby (Stockholm, Sweden), the two case studies considered in this paper, showed a different reality. If their structure and organization is still quite characteristic of post-war housing areas, public spaces in these neighborhoods are not the ´empty´, ´blank´ spaces often described in theories, and people meet and interact. Still, it shows some limits in terms of meeting quality, accessibility and attractiveness. Moreover, these areas suffer from really bad reputation due to strong negative connotations attached with ´suburbs´ in these two countries. Public spaces could help in changing this ´image´ by bringing openness, changing aesthetic and creating different kinds of relations between people – by reducing the dominance of groups of young men and the drugs traffic that often characterize public spaces in these areas for instance. Still, changing an image of an area and creating different social interactions is a much more complex process that has to take into account several factors including public spaces, buildings, employment rates, education etc.

Despite the value of public spaces for creating greater social cohesiveness, they risk not being prioritized in urban planning. This thesis aims to investigate the role of public spaces for a social sustainable urban development, focusing on equality in Linköping. The research questions concern the municipality's work, qualities and challenges regarding equal public places. Previous research highlights social sustainability based on equality and problems surrounding planning of public places. The study is based on qualitative interviews, with a politician and employees at the planning department of Linköping, and a supplementary document analysis. The results highlight the municipality's work with equal public spaces and a lack of evaluation methods. Accessibility, security and multifunctionality are important in the design of equal public places. The challenges are densification, privatization and conflicts of interest. It can be stated that Linköping’s work with the issue is reflected in previous research. However, there are development opportunities regarding citizen dialogue, evaluation methods for equal meeting places and better definitions of goals and concepts. / Offentliga mötesplatsers riskerar att bortprioriteras i den fysiska planeringen, trots sitt värde för den sociala sammanhållningen i staden. Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka offentliga mötesplatsers roll för en socialt hållbar stadsutveckling med fokus på jämlikhet i Linköpings kommun. Frågeställningarna berör kommunens arbete, kvaliteter samt utmaningar gällande jämlika mötesplatser. Tidigare forskning lyfter främst upp social hållbarhet utifrån jämlikhet samt problematiken kring planering av offentliga mötesplatser. Frågeställningarna besvaras genom kvalitativa intervjuer med en politiker och tre tjänstepersoner från Linköpings kommun, samt en kompletterande dokumentanalys. Resultatet redovisar kommunens arbete med jämlika mötesplatser samt en brist på utvärderingsmetoder. Tillgänglighet, tillhörighet, trygghet samt mångfunktionalitet är viktiga vid utformningen av jämlika mötesplatser. Utmaningarna som betonas är förtätning, privatisering samt intressekonflikter. Det går att konstatera att den tidigare forskningen återfinns i Linköpings kommuns arbete med frågan. Dock finns det utvecklingsmöjligheter gällande medborgardialog, utvärderingsmetoder för jämlika mötesplatser samt bättre definitioner av mål och begrepp.

This research report examines the extent to which the economic and spatial practices of informal people can be classed as radical genda-setting towards an alternative city. In so doing the practices and perceptions of business owners, market traders and street traders in Yeoville are explored. To give greater context of what informal people are possibly pushing up against, state practice and policy are also considered. The discussion further draws on the nexus between politics and governance as well as between the state and capital on the making of contemporary cities. Social movement theory provides the initial basis to carry out the discussion. The interweaving theories of quiet encroachment (Bayat), insurgent citizenship (Holston) and subaltern urbanism (Roy) give the exploration greater depth.

This document is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree: Masters in Architecture [Professional] at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2016 / This document is subitted in partial fulfillment for the degree: Masters in Architecture [Professional] At the University of Witwatisrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, in the year 2015 / This thesis is an attempt to ascertain that the identity of a culture is largely dependent on how that culture is represented. The identity and culture of the Indian people of Johannesburg is the primary focus of this dissertation. The methods of representing this identity and culture are likened to a spectacle, the concept of which is greatly explored theoretically and thereafter, translated architecturally. This was achieved by exploring the idea of the spectacle in relation to experience. It further explores the definitions of spectacle and experience in an attempt to answer the real question of how to create a spectacle of experience through the use of architecture in order to educate and facilitate social cohesion by creating a cultural centre which encourages people of all races and creeds to participate, focusing on the Indian culture. In order to create a program to suit the idea of cohesion, this dissertation investigated the theory of memory in architecture. Memory of place and people are intrinsic to understanding th importance of the Indian people of Johannesburg and why such a facility is of importance to the Indian people but also to other races and creeds. This dissertation further wishes to highlight the importance of cultural preservation in South Africa. Whilst this project focuses on bringing a community closer through a facility that houses programme and activities indigenous to Indian South African people, the concept should be transferred to all other cultures. The architectural role is to allow space and place that allows for the transfer of knowledge and community. / EM2017

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Ett nytt kommunhus för Nynäshamn stad, belägen i Stockholms län sydspets, vilket innehåller aktivitetsbaserade kontor, ett konstgalleri, kafé och en plenisal. Byggnaden ligger mellan två olika men kompletterande stadsrum vilket byggnaden bemöter med två olika "ansikten", allt medan den fortfarande uppfattas som samma byggnad. Denna idé, vilken kan liknas vid idén om Janusansiktet, har varit min huvudsakliga ingång i det här projektet. Utvändigt både återspeglar ansiktena de stadsrum som äger rum framför och är aktiva i formandet av dess karaktärer. Sammanflätningen mellan de båda sidorna sker istället inuti byggnaden där övergången ömsom är flytande och ömsom skarp med visuella snarare än fysiska kopplingar. / A new municipal building for the city of Nynäshamn, located in the most southern part of Greater Stockholm, including acitivity based offices, an art gallery, café and council chamber. The building lies inbetween two different but complementary public spaces which it adresses with two different "faces" while still being read as one and the same building. This idea, reminiscent of the image of the roman god Janus, has been my main focus through this project. Outwards, the faces both reflect and take an active roll in forming the character of these public spaces while the interweaving takes places inside the building where they sometimes are visually, although not physically connected, and sometimes closer to fade into one another.