The thought behind this bachelor essay regarding gender and rhetorical feminist criticism developed years ago out of the fact that I read just a little too many dirty chick lit-pockets as a teen. Those chick lit-pockets were my first introduction to sex, to gender roles, to how men and women react and are supposed to react to each other and, in some sense, even to feminism. Those chick lit-pockets, later turning into hardcore Harlequin-books, became my benchmark when I started to contemplate the fact that this is a man’s world, produced and reproduced by a male gaze which influences everything from sex, porn, advertising, gender roles, jobs and payment to dirty pockets for teenage girls. The essays aims to show how the male gaze-phenomenon could be to use for the rhetoric discipline: first combined with other rhetorical theories as a way to analyze and understand gender and objectification. The main question asked; How to put the male gaze on a rhetorical leash? This bachelor essay consists of a qualitative literature study focusing on four articles and one book in which five different male gaze-perspective appears. Every article presented will be followed by an explicative chapter in which the articles, specific male gaze- perspective will be combined with relevant rhetorical theories and applied to pop cultural example cases in order to demonstrate its academic potential. The conclusion of this essay establishes that the rhetorical discipline indeed could have great use of the male gaze-perspective while analyzing different kinds of artifacts, if combined with different kinds of methods. It confirms that it is possible to put the male gaze on a rhetorical leash and explains five specific ways to do so.

“Although the subject of female leadership is very well documented at an international level, Pakistan still lacks enough research in this area. This scarcity of research gives rise to a commonly held belief that gender equality has been achieved in Pakistan which hides the gender stereotypes and discrimination practices still prevailing in the country.” “Digging into the experiences of thirty working women, this study examined the effect indigenous culture of Pakistan has in shaping their life experiences as well as career success. The study followed a qualitative research approach with phenomenological theoretical framework. Fifteen females were interviewed from urban areas and fifteen from rural areas to draw a holistic picture of indigenous culture of Pakistan and its effect on career success of females.” “Female participants of this study were interviewed on skype and the data gathered through these interviews was analysed using grounded theory approach. Interviews were taken in Urdu and transcriptions were prepared in English to conduct analysis for this study. Seven categories were initially developed through open coding, followed by three clusters through axial coding an lastly the study created a theoretical framework through selective coding. Findings of the study indicate that indigenous culture strongly effects the career success of working women in Pakistan. Based on thematic analysis, the study concludes that indigenous culture of Pakistan puts taboos on females in the form of family bevahior, expectations and the structurally enforced inferior status of females which effects their leadership skills negatively and restricts their career growth.” “Indigenous culture of Pakistan creates mobility issues for women which restricts the possibility to join better jobs at other places instead of their home town and it also effects expansion of entrepreneurial ventures by restricting females to their home towns. Apart from social mobility, culture restricts the decision making power of females which effects their self-recognition and vision development and other skills necessary to become a better leader. Females also face difficulty managing work and family life because of the uneven domestic work burden on females and the concept that woman is the caretaker of house no matter how tough her job gets. Single females don’t face the problem of managing house work and family life however they face issues such as social immobility, preference of male colleagues over them because of their perceived short work life, lack of decision making power and lack of self-confidence.” “The participants were of the view that despite of all the challenges brought by culture, they are still struggling for their career and fighting against the taboos put by culture.” “Respondents of this study agreed that their family support is most important factor for them to stand against the cultural taboos and pursue their dreams. Therefore, this study concludes that there is a strong need to change the mind-set prevailing in these societies that female is a creature who has to be agreeable and caretaker of family and who is responsible for saving relationships. Although efforts have been done to give women equal rights in Pakistan, these efforts will become more meaningful if general perception of society about women and their role starts to change which will require awareness programmes and cooperation from academic institutions and policy makers.” Page 4 of 97 Impact of Indigenous culture on Female Leadership in Pakistan “This study recommends a future research on the perception of males about female colleagues working with them in order to examine if males of countries like Pakistan are ready to accept female leaders. As this study was conducted on females only, for future it is recommended to examine the mind set of males of the society to draw a comparison between situation of females and impact of males mind set on this situation.”

Christocentric preaching in the AP Church – a practical theological study, is a dissertation wherein Christocentric preaching from the patriarchal narratives by AP Church preachers, is being investigated to determine to what extend it complies with the basic principles of Christocentric preaching. This research found that the preaching from the patriarchal narratives by participating preachers of the AP Church, does not truly answer to the basic principles of Christocentric preaching. A clearly defined Christocentric approach which set out the basic principles for responsible Christocentric preaching, would improve the Christocentricity of Old Testament preaching, more specifically the patriarchal narratives, in the AP Church. A modified version of Osmers’ practical-theological model was utilized as method of research. It entails hermeneutical and normative, empirical and interpretative, as well as strategic aspects. The following goals are set for the study: Hermeneutical and normative i) To determine perspectives from Scripture for the research concept Christocentric preaching regarding passages from Genesis 12-50. Empirical and interpretative ii) To determine to what extend sermons in the AP Church based on passages from Genesis 12-50, are truly Christocentric. iii) To determine to what extend preachers of the AP Church consciously make use of a base theory regarding Christocentric preaching when preaching on passages from Genesis 12-50. Strategically To provide effective, yet Biblical guidelines for Christocentric preaching on passages from Genesis 12-50. In order to reach the above mentioned goals, the following aspects are discussed in the course of the study: Perspectives from Scripture for the research concept Christocentric preaching are determined by, among others, illuminating the unique nature and specific characteristics of the Hebrew narrative. The focus on the hermeneutical challenge offers perspectives on decisive considerations when handling Scripture, an exegetical method conducive to Christocentric preaching, as well as perspectives on a meaningful transition to Christ from the Old Testament text. The focus on the homiletic challenge indicates expository preaching as the most appropriate vehicle for responsible Christocentric preaching. From the hermeneutical and normative perspectives, a certain criteria is derived which served as a guideline for the evaluation of sixteen sermons and devotions by AP Church preachers in order to determine their Christocentricity. Flowing from this, six themes are determined on the basis of which unstructured interviews with five preachers of the AP Church are conducted. These analyses and interviews show the absence of a clearly formulated base theory regarding Christocentric preaching at participating AP Church preachers. Christocentric preaching in the AP Church – a practical theological study offers guidelines for responsible Christocentric preaching from the patriarchal narratives by concentrating on certain points of departure in respect of the Old Testament, key hermeneutical aspects, a meaningful transition from the Old Testament to Christ as well as important homiletic aspects. / Thesis (MTh (Homiletics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Christocentric preaching in the AP Church – a practical theological study, is a dissertation wherein Christocentric preaching from the patriarchal narratives by AP Church preachers, is being investigated to determine to what extend it complies with the basic principles of Christocentric preaching. This research found that the preaching from the patriarchal narratives by participating preachers of the AP Church, does not truly answer to the basic principles of Christocentric preaching. A clearly defined Christocentric approach which set out the basic principles for responsible Christocentric preaching, would improve the Christocentricity of Old Testament preaching, more specifically the patriarchal narratives, in the AP Church. A modified version of Osmers’ practical-theological model was utilized as method of research. It entails hermeneutical and normative, empirical and interpretative, as well as strategic aspects. The following goals are set for the study: Hermeneutical and normative i) To determine perspectives from Scripture for the research concept Christocentric preaching regarding passages from Genesis 12-50. Empirical and interpretative ii) To determine to what extend sermons in the AP Church based on passages from Genesis 12-50, are truly Christocentric. iii) To determine to what extend preachers of the AP Church consciously make use of a base theory regarding Christocentric preaching when preaching on passages from Genesis 12-50. Strategically To provide effective, yet Biblical guidelines for Christocentric preaching on passages from Genesis 12-50. In order to reach the above mentioned goals, the following aspects are discussed in the course of the study: Perspectives from Scripture for the research concept Christocentric preaching are determined by, among others, illuminating the unique nature and specific characteristics of the Hebrew narrative. The focus on the hermeneutical challenge offers perspectives on decisive considerations when handling Scripture, an exegetical method conducive to Christocentric preaching, as well as perspectives on a meaningful transition to Christ from the Old Testament text. The focus on the homiletic challenge indicates expository preaching as the most appropriate vehicle for responsible Christocentric preaching. From the hermeneutical and normative perspectives, a certain criteria is derived which served as a guideline for the evaluation of sixteen sermons and devotions by AP Church preachers in order to determine their Christocentricity. Flowing from this, six themes are determined on the basis of which unstructured interviews with five preachers of the AP Church are conducted. These analyses and interviews show the absence of a clearly formulated base theory regarding Christocentric preaching at participating AP Church preachers. Christocentric preaching in the AP Church – a practical theological study offers guidelines for responsible Christocentric preaching from the patriarchal narratives by concentrating on certain points of departure in respect of the Old Testament, key hermeneutical aspects, a meaningful transition from the Old Testament to Christ as well as important homiletic aspects. / Thesis (MTh (Homiletics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Cette recherche étudie les processus de victimation dans les contextes de violences conjugales en distinguant les violences situationnelles, mutuelles et le terrorisme patriarcal, violence unilatérale témoignant d'une volonté de domination. Cette étude est centrée sur l'influence des facteurs contextuels, psychopathologiques et cognitivo-émotionnels. Notre échantillon est féminin (n=80). Nous avons utilisé une méthodologie mixte. L'évaluation quantitative permet une approche objective des variables contextuelles, de personnalité, émotionnelles et des variables associées aux évènements de vie et aux indices symptomatologiques. L'approche qualitative permet une approche subjective des processus de victimation au sein du couple à travers l'interprétation et l'analyse syntaxique et thématique des productions discursives des sujets. / This research examines victimization processes in domestic violence contexts by distinguishing between two forms of violence against women: common couple violence and patriarchal terrorism, reflecting a will to dominate. Our sample is composed of 80 women. This study focuses on the influence of contextual, psychopathology and cognitive-emotional factors. The methodology relies on both quantitative and qualitative study. Quantitative evaluation focuses on variables of social context, personality, emotional and variables associated with life events and symptomatology. Qualitative evaluation examines discursive productions through the interpretation and both syntactic and thematic analysis.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-02T21:42:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CRIS.pdf: 1013051 bytes, checksum: 3e45bcc2aa69b0190aa91ccb18518163 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-18 / First objective of this study is to contribute to the specialized debate and its effort to point out ways to help family business ensuring continuityfrom the secondgeneration of leaders. Although inaccurate andoutdated, statistics show 70 por cento of family business succumbing before reachingthe second generationand, on average, only 15% survive tothe third generation. Successionis the most focused subjectforexperts. However, there are indications, although studiesmultiplyevery year, there is a relativestagnation in thetheoreticalfield. During the last yearsthere has been aslight increase inparticipation ofwomenin positions of family businesses CEO which, historically,influenced bypatriarchal culture, elect theirheirsas successors. This study, therefore, was guided by the general objective of identifying elements of the succession process that will allow a deeper understand of the apparent shift that is occurring in family businesses, evidenced by theslight increase in thecontroltransfer to women, which, in principle, contraries thepatriarchal tradition. Specifically, this study was guidedby the following objectives: i)examinethe practicesof a businessfamily that having openedthe succession processin their own company, is in preparationfora daughterto take overthe business in place of the father/founder; ii) under the light of the accumulated theoretical knowledge and practices of this business family, gather knowledge that will enable the formulation of hypothesis(s) that may contribute to the probation of the problems treated in this study. This isanexploratory researchthat employsthe followingmethods: qualitativemonographic/case study anddialectical. The unit of analysisisafamily ownedcompany basedin the ABCPaulistaregionfor 30 yearswhichis in processof preparing theheiress to take commandin placeof the father/founder. Evidences show that the succession decision was strategically made in order to ensure that the family estate remains controlled by the founder, as professed by the patriarchal patrimonialism model deep-rooted in Brazilian society. / Este estudo tem como finalidade primeira contribuir com o debate especializado que enfrenta o desafio de apontar caminhos que auxiliem as empresas familiares a garantirem a própria continuidade a partir da segunda geração de dirigentes. Embora imprecisas e desatualizadas, as estatísticas mostram que 70% dos negócios familiares sucumbem ao alcançarem a segunda geração e, em média, apenas 15% conseguem sobreviver até a terceira geração. A sucessão constitui o tema de maior atenção dos especialistas. Entretanto, há indicações de que, embora as pesquisas se multipliquem a cada ano, existe uma relativa estagnação teórica do campo. Nos últimos anos observa-se um discreto aumento de participação de mulheres em cargos de presidência das empresas familiares que, historicamente,influenciadas pela cultura patriarcal,elegem seus filhos herdeiros como sucessores. Este estudo, portanto, foi orientado pelo objetivo geral de identificar elementos do processo sucessório que permitam o aprofundamento da aparente mudança que está ocorrendo nas empresas familiares, evidenciada pelo discreto aumento do repasse do comando às mulheres, o que, a princípio, contraria a tradição patriarcal. De modo específico, este estudo foi orientado pelos seguintes objetivos: i) analisar a práxis de determinada família empresária que, tendo inaugurado o processo sucessório em sua empresa, encontra-se em fase de preparação de uma filha para assumir o comando do negócio no lugar do pai/fundador; ii) à luz do conhecimento teórico acumulado e da práxis da família empresária investigada reunir um conhecimento que permita a formulação de hipóteses que contribuam com o aprofundamento da problemática tratada neste estudo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório que emprega os seguintes métodos: qualitativo, monográfico/estudo de caso e dialético. A unidade de análise é a família proprietária de uma empresa sediada na região do ABC Paulista há 30 anosque se encontra em fase de preparação de uma filha (herdeira) para assumir o comando no lugar do pai/fundador. Existem evidências de que a decisão sucessória foi tomada estrategicamente com afinalidade de garantir que o patrimônio familiar continue sendo controlado pelo fundador, conforme preconiza o modelo de patrimonialismo patriarcal que se faz presente na sociedade brasileira.

Ce travail vise initialement le rôle et l’image de Zahra/Ahmed qui représente la femme marocaine bucolique dans le roman La Nuit sacrée de Tahar Ben Jelloun qui lutte pour chercher son identité féminine perdue. Pour cela, nous avons utilisé au début de notre analyse le schéma de Greimas car il nous a aidé à montrer le rôle de Zahra/Ahmed dans le récit. Nous avons également approfondi notre travail en analysant l’environnement familial de Zahra et ses relations, la libération du corps, l’aspect religieux, l’obéissance dans le but de confirmer la tragédie de Zahra qui reflète la femme rurale au Maroc. Enfin, notre travail s’est achevé avec une étude sur le statut de la femme dans la société traditionnelle, à travers le personnage principal du récit, dans les sociétés traditionnelles patriarcales dans lesquelles l’homme instaure son pouvoir sur la femme. / This work initially aims at the role and image of Zahra / Ahmed, who represents the bucolic Moroccan woman in the novel The Sacred Night by Tahar Ben Jelloun who struggles to find her lost female identity. For this, we used Greimas’s scheme at the beginning of our analysis because it helped us to show the role and the dramatic situation of Zahra / Ahmed in the story. We also deepened our work by analysing the family environment of Zahra and its relations, the liberation of the body, the religious aspect, obedience in order to confirm the tragedy of rural women in Morocco. Finally, our work ends with a study of the status of women in a traditional society in which man establishes his power over woman.

Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-11-21T18:19:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Isabela Barbosa Freires - 2016.pdf: 3405978 bytes, checksum: 6b1220bc2e36c1e980ee893e602ecafc (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-11-21T20:14:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Isabela Barbosa Freires - 2016.pdf: 3405978 bytes, checksum: 6b1220bc2e36c1e980ee893e602ecafc (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-21T20:14:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Isabela Barbosa Freires - 2016.pdf: 3405978 bytes, checksum: 6b1220bc2e36c1e980ee893e602ecafc (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-22 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / In this dissertation, oriented by the question about breakups, displacements or clashes with oligarchic power, I made an ethnography of female gazette designed by womens: O Lar, printed and with circulation in Goiás city amongsy the years of 1926 and 1932. The examined context is correspondent at period between the final of the Caiados Oligarchy and the beginning of Provisional Government in Goiás city. I questioned about women's agency in this period and investigate the strategies the collaborators of O Lar negotiate with the patriarchal power, that excluded/invizibilized them, of several socials, economics and politicals spaces. O Lar contained feminist texts associated with the insurgency of the same in the State of Goiás; and it fought mainly in favor of women's inclusion. The focus of the dissertation was a detailed analysis of the various structures of O Lar newspaper editions, the multifaceted managed strategies of negotiations, as well as the texts that reiterated power structures, especially in gender. The journal O Lar was in the in-between space of counterdiscourses and stylized repetitions of gender (performativity); likewise, demarcated an ambivalent political temporality, marginalized and demarcated in gender. / Nesta dissertação, orientada pela pergunta sobre rompimentos, deslocamentos ou enfrentamentos com o poder oligárquico, realizei uma etnografia em um jornal feminino e idealizado por mulheres: O Lar, impresso e com circulação na Cidade de Goiás entre os anos de 1926 e 1932. O contexto examinado é correspondente ao período entre o final da Oligarquia dos Caiados e início do Governo Provisório, na Cidade de Goiás. Interroguei sobre a agência das mulheres nesse período e averiguei com que estratégias as colaboradoras de O Lar negociaram com o poder patriarcal, que as excluíram/invisibilizaram de diversos espaços sociais, econômicos e políticos. O Lar conteve textos feministas, que demarcaram a insurgência do mesmo no Estado de Goiás; e lutou, principalmente, em prol da inclusão intelectual feminina. O foco da dissertação foi a análise minuciosa das várias estruturas do jornal O Lar, as multifacetadas estratégias de negociações manejadas, bem como os textos que reiteraram estruturas de poder, principalmente em gênero. O periódico O Lar estava no entre-lugar de contradiscursos e repetições estilizadas de gênero (performatividade); igualmente, demarcou uma temporalidade política ambivalente, marginalizada e demarcada em gênero.

The study focuses on the experiences of female cyclists who participate in the cycling club at a tertiary institution in South Africa. By qualitatively exploring these experiences an attempt was made to understand how female cyclists narrate themselves within a specific context. In embarking on this research I have worked from a narrative position that focuses on experiences that people live on a daily basis. The way people tell about these experiences allows them to make sense of their lives. People’s experiences are shaped by history and culture which allows them to tell their narratives differently as context and time differs. The methodology employed is that of narrative analysis which entails attending, telling, transcribing, analysing and reading the text presented by the participants. Themes introduced by the participants were analysed and commented upon by the researcher in the final chapters. / Dissertation (MA (Counselling Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Psychology / unrestricted

MA (English) / Department of English / The prevalence of patriarchal norms and the privileging of the African man in African literary works gradually led to an erasure of women‘s identities, thereby leaving them to hold peripheral positions. This has motivated African women critics to engage in linguistic and performative methodologies to restructure African women‘s status in postcolonial writings. Using feminist literary theory, Marxist literary criticism and postcolonial theory, among others, this study explores the changing images of women as depicted in a selection of Yvonne Vera‘s works, namely: Butterfly Burning (1998); Under the Tongue (1996); Without a Name (1994) and Nehanda (1993). Close reading and textual analysis are employed in examining the strategies devised by Vera to assess patriarchal attitudes that suppress women as well as reconfiguring their identities. This study is inspired by the desire to investigate the techniques employed by an African woman writer in speaking against marginalisation, exploitation and oppression of women in a postcolonial literary environment. Of primary concern to this study, is an examination of how Vera unleashes, re-writes and re-negotiates the potential of an African woman in her novels. This study distinctly shows that, as a subaltern writer, Vera reconfigures her female characters‘ identities through social and economic liberalisation. It is clear in this study that economic liberty has a great impact on the life of an African woman. This study contributes to the growing body of works that appreciates women writers‘ efforts in transforming, reifying and reinstating the image of African women in fictional works. / NRF