La capacité ultime du canal dans les systèmes de transmission optique à longue distance est limitée par les effets non linéaires liés à la propagation dans les fibres optiques. Des techniques de compensation des effets non-linéaires, tel que la DBP (Digital Back Propagation), ont été proposées pour surmonter ces limitations et accroître la capacité. Compte tenu de leur complexité d’implémentation, leur gain en performance reste très limité. Cela a déclenché très récemment la recherche de nouvelles techniques de communication prenant en compte la non-linéarité de la fibre. Une nouvelle méthode de communication en régime non-linéaire, basée sur la théorie de la transformation spectrale inverse (IST pour Inverse Spectral Transform), a été proposée pour surmonter la limitation induite par ces effets. Cette méthode, proposée à l'origine par Hasegawa en 1993, encore appelée communication aux valeurs propres (ou multi-solitons), est basée sur l'observation fondamentale selon laquelle le spectre non linéaire d'un signal optique est invariant (à l'exception d'un déphasage linéaire trivial) lors de la propagation dans la fibre optique, comme décrit par l’équation non linéaire de Schrödinger (NLSE pour Non-Linear Schrödinger Equation). Cela signifie que si la transformée spectrale directe (DST) (également appelée NFT pour Nonlinear Fourier Transform) du signal reçu peut être calculée, le spectre de valeurs propres peut être entièrement récupéré.Cette thèse porte sur une technique de communication de type NFT connue sous le nom de multiplexage non linéaire en fréquence (NFDM pour Non-Linear Fourier Transform). Différentes configurations de systèmes optiques NFDM ont été évalués numériquement et validés expérimentalement. Dans un premier temps, la structure d’un système NFDM en mono-polarisation utilisant le spectre continu des fréquences non-linéaires dans une fibre en régime de dispersion normale est décrite. Pour ce faire, une forme NFT du vecteur NLSE, encore appelé système de Manakov, a été développé numériquement. Sur la base de ces algorithmes, la méthode NFDM a été étendue aux systèmes multiplexés par division de polarisation (PMD) et validée expérimentalement pour la première fois en utilisant le spectre continu. Finalement, l’expérience a été répliquée en régime de dispersion anormale. Afin d'étudier les contraintes de mise en œuvre, des études numériques supplémentaires ont été effectués pour la transmission de signaux NFDM utilisant la modulation du spectre continu. / Nonlinear effects in optical fiber set the ultimate limit to the channel capacity in long-haul optical transmission systems. Advanced nonlinear compensation techniques such as digital backpropagation (DBP) have been proposed as a solution to overcome the channel capacity crunch. However, given theircomputational complexity, in a practical environment their performance gainremains very limited. This triggered a search for a novel communication system design that takes fiber nonlinearity into consideration. A new nonlinearcommunication method, based on the theory of the inverse spectral transform, has been proposed to overcome the nonlinear capacity crunch. Thismethod, originally proposed by Hasegawa in 1993 and called eigenvalue (ormulti-soliton) communication, is based on the fundamental observation thatthe nonlinear spectrum of an optical signal is invariant (except for a triviallinear phase shift) upon propagation in the fiber channel, as described bythe nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE). This means that if the directspectral transform (also known as nonlinear Fourier transform (NFT)) ofthe received signal can be computed, the eigenvalue spectrum can be fullyrecovered.This thesis focuses on a NFT-based communication technique known as nonlinear frequency division multiplexing (NFDM). The NFDM optical systemis numerically assessed and experimentally demonstrated. First, the structure of the proposed single-polarization NFDM system using the continuousspectrum in the normal dispersion regime is presented. To that end, theNFT of the vector NLSE, or Manakov system, was numerically developed.Based on these algorithms the NFDM method was extended to polarizationdivision multiplexed (PMD) systems, and experimentally validated for thefirst time using the continuous spectrum. Finally, the experiment will bereplicated in the anomalous dispersion regime.Additional numerical studies are presented, in order to investigate the implementation challenges of the proposed NFDM techniques for the continuousspectrum modulation.

Kompetenzzellenbasierte (regionale) Netze stellen besondere Anforderungen an die Planung von Logistikstrukturen und Produktionsstätten. Das Planungskonzept für Netze (PlaNet) wurde entwickelt, um Kompetenzzellen als den kleinsten Leistungseinheiten in solchen Netzen, ein Regelwerk für die Lösung typischer Planungsfälle zur Verfügung zu stellen. PlaNet ist modular aufgebaut. Seine Komponenten leiten sich aus den Komponenten des Systems Engineering ab. Der Schwerpunkt der Betrachtung liegt auf den Komponenten Produktionsdatenmodell (PDM) und Netzplanungsassistent (NPA). Das Produktionsdatenmodell bildet das System kompetenzzellenbasiertes Netz ab und greift auf das Sichtenkonzept als Ordnungsrahmen zurück. Der Netzplanungsassistent gibt instrumentelle Unterstützung und verbindet kommerzielle und eigenentwickelte Softwarelösungen mittels eines Schnittstellenkonzeptes über eine zentrale Produktionsdatenbank (PDB). / Competence-cell based (regional) networks put special requirements on the planning of Logistics Structures and Production Plants. The Planning Concept for Networks (PlaNet) was developed to provide Competence Cells as the smallest producing units with a framework for solving typical planning problems. PlaNet has a modular structure. Its components are derived from the components of Systems engineering. In this paper the focus is on the Production Data Model and the Net Planning Assistant. The Production Data Model maps the system "Competence-cell based network" and uses the view concept as structuring framework. The Net Planning Assistant provides instrumental support and connects comercial and proprietary software tools via a Production Database with the help of a uniform interface concept.

Esta Tesis doctoral representa una nueva formulación del problema del GRCPSP (Generalized Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem) mediante grafos PDM (Precedence Diagramming Method) con fragmentación en entornos realistas, donde las tareas son diferenciadas entre productivas y no productivas y las dependencias entre ellas no se limitan a los ya clásicos valores de dependencia, sino que se incorpora un nuevo concepto de relación de producción, apareciendo relaciones basadas en un cierto nivel de producción necesario de otra tarea para poder comenzar, o cierta producción que quedará pendiente de finalizar una vez finalizada la tarea precedente. Este nuevo enfoque del problema basado en procesos productivos, no solo elimina las paradojas causadas por las tareas críticas inversas o críticas perversas, sino que nos permite aplicar conceptos tradicionales de la planificación de la producción como es la productividad variable ocasionada por el aprendizaje con las repercusiones que esto produce en las relaciones basadas en producción. Además se analizan las naturalezas de los recursos intervinientes en el proyecto, reformulando los costes asociados a los mismos y su repercusión sobre el nuevo modelo propuesto, permitiendo la aplicación de algoritmos de optimización TCTP (Time Cost Trade-Off Problem) que hasta ahora era inviable. Para finalizar se incorpora la borrosidad a los valores intervinientes en el proyecto presentando la formulación de un modelo robusto de planificación de la producción basada en grafos PDM que sirve de punto de partida a la resolución del GRCPSP en entornos realistas. / Ponz Tienda, JL. (2010). GRCPSP Robusto basado en Producción para Proyectos de Edificación y Construcción [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/8540 / Palancia

The objectives of this thesis are to evaluate scheduling methods and most common construction project management software (CPMS) which are Primavera and MS Project, and to determine most widely used project scheduling techniques and CPMS with a survey. The thesis focus on project scheduling since it is very deterministic for project success. Evaluation results indicate that, Gantt Chart Method and PDM are useful for small to medium projects, CPM is for complex projects, PERT is for uncertain projects, and LOB Technique is for repetitive projects. The comparison between Primavera and MS Project show that Primavera is more robust, professional, and detailed while MS Project is cheaper and easier. The survey was completed with 22 participants from construction companies in the US and Turkey and the results demonstrate CPM and Gantt Chart Method are the most common methods. Also, MS Project is the most widely used CPMS followed by the Primavera.

This thesis looks at two sides of the same coin: how to support the production and future development at a specialist medical technology department at Danderyd Hospital. The two sides are; a pilot study of a product management system (PDM) and an interview based study on the characteristics of the silent knowledge of the technicians. The department (National respiratory centre, NRC) is facing retirement of several key employees. The technical study shows that the success of an implementation is largely dependent on the users’ prior knowledge and use of a 3D Computer aided design system (CAD).The system itself is shown to fulfill the Lifecycle requirement of tracking the products (mostly tracheostomy tubes) but without a CAD centered workflow, some substantial education and preferably some new recruits, an implementation of the PDM system will fail. The author recommends development of the current “low-tech” system of MS Excel and Access rather than redistribute the dependency from technician towards a complex, commercial software and its vendor. The analysis of the technicians’ silent knowledge with the newly developed method, epithet for silent knowledge (ETK), shows that the longer employment time: the more differentiated technicians become in describing their work, practical knowledge are regarded higher and the social and collective problem solving factors of the work becomes more important. Typically, it is shown that a new employee should preferably enjoy problem solving, being pragmatic and social as well as having some prior education or work experience in a CAD and/or a PDM system.

資訊科技導入組織的主要目的就是要為組織帶來最佳的效益。然而資訊科技導入的案例有半數以上是不成功的。作者會用不同的理論及實務來探討資訊科技與組織之間的互動關係，企圖了解問題的癥結並找出對策。每一種研究的方式都會因理論以及個案的差異而有不同的結論。本個案嘗試採用結構化理論、科技結構化理論以及組織例規理論這三個彼此有關聯的理論為基礎，以組織例規(Organizational Routines) 為視角，配合一個由知名全球化外商公司轉換為本土跨國公司的一個企業電腦事業群之產品資料管理（Product Data Management, PDM）科技的導入與持續使用四年的狀況為研究標的，以質性個案研究方法透過長期觀察、實務分析以及近期訪談來蒐集資料並整理分析，企圖從本個案進展的八年期間所發生的重要事件，來分析PDM科技與組織之間的互動關係，並發掘該事業群產品生命週期的組織運作要點，PDM科技背後的精神以及PDM科技在該事業群能夠持續運作四年下來的原因。更期望透過本研究讓即將導入PDM科技或者已經在使用該科技的組織能夠從例規的角度來思考組織成員、科技以及組織制度三者之間的關係，進而從中獲取可借鏡之處。 / The major purpose of introducing information technology into an organization is to bring the most value of the technology out to the organization. However, the results show that more than half of the cases failed to fulfill that purpose. Researchers have developed different theories to describe the interaction between technology and organization in order to come up with solutions for successful introduction of technology into organization. Naturally, different theories, together with different real practices, may draw different conclusions. This study tries to apply three most prominent inter-related theories: “Structuration Theory”, “Structural Model of Technology” and “The Theory of Organizational Routines,” to a selected case of implementing PDM (Product Data Management) into one of the Business Groups of Taiwan-based global IT company to analyze why and how its case turned out to be sustainable four years after the go-live. With that, this study also tries to derive useful information for enterprises with similar background for their upcoming introduction of information technology into their organizations. Organizations with existing information technologies in place may also be able to reflect on this study for possible fine-tuning opportunities.

This report documents a thesis conducted at Scania CV AB in Södertälje, Sweden. The main purpose of the thesis has been to examine and improve upon current practices of parametric CAD-modeling at Scania, with the ultimate goal of increased design automation and simulation-driven design. The thesis was initiated with a literature study, mainly covering the fields of parametric CAD-modeling, design automation and knowledge-based engineering. Furthermore, a questionnaire and multiple interviews were conducted to assess the awareness and mind-set of the employees. Finally, a case-study was carried out to follow current methodologies, and address any deficiencies found. Some of the most important findings were that while parametric modeling has considerable potential in enabling design automation, it is crucial, and most beneficial in terms of automation efficiency, to start with the fundamentals, namely achieving a uniform modeling practice. With these findings, a new proposed methodology has been introduced, as well as a recommended plan for a widespread implementation of parametric modeling at Scania. Such implementation would allow for shorter lead-times, faster adaptation to changing conditions, and reduced development expenditures.

With the advent of Industry 4.0 and the Internet of Things, collecting data on Cyber-Physical systems has become the norm practice in large scale industries. By collectingrelevant data, it is possible to monitor the health status of whole systems or specificcomponents within them. Such practices allow for historical maintenance strategies suchas reactive maintenance or preventive maintenance to be phased out.In this thesis two separate algorithms are presented, both designed to identify contaminationlevels in the hydraulic pressure filters of forklifts. Furthermore, in contrast torelevant literature for similar applications only sensory data from the hydraulic pump’smotor current and hydraulic fluid pressure at the load was used. More specifically, theproposed algorithms are based on trends observed in the relationship between the measurementsand how it changes over time. The algorithms were evaluated on data fromfour forklifts used in Toyota’s factory. The forklifts had been collecting data while usedin production for over a year.The results indicate strong evidence that both algorithms can be used to detect degradationin the hydraulic system. This is especially true for one forklift where it was knownthat the damage at the time of replacement was substantial. However, it cannot be trulyestablished without further testing whether the algorithms detect degradation in the filteror pump.