Följande studie är ett examensarbete utfört vid Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan våren 2021 på Uppdrag av ett energiföretag. Studien syftar till att undersöka och jämföra effekttoppar i två olika fastigheter samt studera hur en reducering av effekttopparna påverkar den årliga elkostnaden för fastighetsägaren. Rapporten ämnar även att översiktligt undersöka om batteridrift skulle kunna vara en möjlig lösningsmetod för att möjliggöra denna reducering. Medvetenheten kring nutidens miljöproblem har resulterat i att allt fler efterfrågar hållbara energilösningar till sina fastigheter. Många siffror indikerar att elpriset i framtiden kommer att öka samtidigt som konsumtionen av el även förutspås öka. Ett av de största problemen med dagens elkonsumtion är att den inte är jämnt fördelad och att det därför bildas effekttoppar de tider på dygnet då fastigheterna konsumerar som mest elektricitet. Det leder till högre priser och eftersom många befintliga elabonnemangen idag baserar sina priser på när fastigheter konsumerar som mest, har många elnätsbolag en så kallad månadseffektavgift. Detta innebär att en stor del av den fasta elkostnaden baseras enbart på det högst uppmätta värdet för innevarande månad. För att undersöka hur mycket en reducering av effekttopparna påverkar den årliga elkostnaden skapades Exceldokument där två olika fastigheters elförbrukning och abonnemangskostnader fördes in. Studien visade att effekttoppar kan reduceras med rätt teknik, men en djupare analys behöver göras för hur den tekniska lösningen ska se ut. En djupare analys behöver göras för att ta reda på vilken dimensionering av batterier som är lämplig och troligtvis skulle den verkliga återbetalningstiden vara mycket kortare då de största besparingarna kan göras inom andra områden som till exempel frekvensreglering och effektförsäljning. Olika scenariosimuleringar i exceldokumentet visade att en reduktion av effekttopparna med 50% kan minska den årliga besparingen med upp till 10%. / The following study is a bachelor thesis carried out at the Royal Institute of Technology on behalf of an energy company who is based in Stockholm. The aim of the study is to investigate and compare power peaks in two different real estate properties. The report will also study how a reduction of the power peaks affects the annual electricity cost. Finally, the report intends to briefly examine if battery storage could be a possible solution to enable this reduction in costs. The growing awareness of today's environmental problems has resulted in a greater demand among real estate owners for sustainable energy solutions. Data indicates that both the price and the consumption of electricity will increase in the future. One of the biggest problems with today's electricity consumption is that it is not evenly distributed, and power peaks are formed when users consume the most electricity. These peaks causes electricity prices to rise and since many existing electricity subscriptions today base their prices on when properties consume the most, this means that consumers pay higher prices than necessary. To investigate how much a reduction in power peaks would affect the annual electricity cost, an Excel document was created in which the electricity consumption and subscription costs of two different properties were entered. The study shows that power peaks can be reduced with the right technology, but a more accurate analysis needs to be executed to find out how the technical solution should be designed. A key part of this solution is a more thorough analysis of the necessary dimensioning of batteries for the property, and it is likely that payback times suggested in this report could be even shorter given that even bigger savings can be made in areas other than those examined in this study, such as frequency control and power sales. Various scenario simulations in the Excel document showed that a reduction of the power peaks by 50 percent can reduce the annual savings by up to 10 percent.

The Mazatzal orogeny (1.66-1.60 Ga) is a key element of the tectonic evolution of the North American continent during the Proterozoic (Whitmeyer and Karlstrom, 2007). Recently, Mesoproterozoic detrital zircon grains (1.55-1.45 Ga) have been found in metasedimentary rocks that were thought to have been deformed during the Paleoproterozoic Mazatzal orogeny (Jones et al. 2011; Doe et al. 2012, 2013; Daniel et al. 2013). Some type examples Mazatzal deformation now seem to be too young to have been deformed in the accepted time of that orogeny (1.66-1.60 Ga) and may have been deformed in the younger, newly defined, Picuris orogeny. This leads to questions regarding the timing and nature of the Mazatzal orogeny and its importance in the evolution of the North American continent. The object of this research is to constrain the timing of deformation related to the Mazatzal and Picuris orogenies and clarify the Proterozoic history of the North American continent. The Four Peaks area in central Arizona has been selected as an ideal location to tightly constrain the timing of deformation. The area hosts a package of Proterozoic metasedimentary rocks that are folded into a kilometer-scale syncline, surrounded by vi Mesoproterozoic to Paleoproterozoic granitoids. The Four Peaks syncline has been considered a type example of Mazatzal-age deformation (Karlstrom and Bowring, 1988). Zircon and monazite geochronology are presented along with structural and petrologic data in order to understand the geologic history of the Four Peaks area. The evidence suggests that three deformation events occurred at ~1675 Ma, 1665-1655 Ma and 1490-1450 Ma. Sedimentary deposition occurred 1665-1655 Ma and 1520-1490 Ma with a significant disconformity in between these episodes. Both the Mazatzal and Picuris orogenies can be associated with periods of deformation, sedimentary deposition and pluton emplacement. The most significant shortening event, which formed the Four Peaks syncline, occurred during Mesoproterozoic time and was related to the Picuris orogeny.

This thesis investigates applying the semiparametric method Peaks-Over-Threshold on data generated from a Monte Carlo simulation when estimating the financial risk measures Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall. The goal is to achieve a faster convergence than a Monte Carlo simulation when assessing extreme events that symbolise the worst outcomes of a financial portfolio. Achieving a faster convergence will enable a reduction of iterations in the Monte Carlo simulation, thus enabling a more efficient way of estimating risk measures for the portfolio manager.  The financial portfolio consists of US life insurance policies offered on the secondary market, gathered by our partner RessCapital. The method is evaluated on three different portfolios with different defining characteristics.  In Part I an analysis of selecting an optimal threshold is made. The accuracy and precision of Peaks-Over-Threshold is compared to the Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 iterations, using a simulation of 100,000 iterations as the reference value. Depending on the risk measure and the percentile of interest, different optimal thresholds are selected.  Part II presents the result with the optimal thresholds from Part I. One can conclude that Peaks-Over-Threshold performed significantly better than a Monte Carlo simulation for Value-at-Risk with 10,000 iterations. The results for Expected Shortfall did not achieve a clear improvement in terms of precision, but it did show improvement in terms of accuracy.  Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall at the 99.5th percentile achieved a greater error reduction than at the 99th. The result therefore aligned well with theory, as the more "rare" event considered, the better the Peaks-Over-Threshold method performed.  In conclusion, the method of applying Peaks-Over-Threshold can be proven useful when looking to reduce the number of iterations since it do increase the convergence of a Monte Carlo simulation. The result is however dependent on the rarity of the event of interest, and the level of precision/accuracy required. / Det här examensarbetet tillämpar metoden Peaks-Over-Threshold på data genererat från en Monte Carlo simulering för att estimera de finansiella riskmåtten Value-at-Risk och Expected Shortfall. Målet med arbetet är att uppnå en snabbare konvergens jämfört med en Monte Carlo simulering när intresset är s.k. extrema händelser som symboliserar de värsta utfallen för en finansiell portfölj. Uppnås en snabbare konvergens kan antalet iterationer i simuleringen minskas, vilket möjliggör ett mer effektivt sätt att estimera riskmåtten för portföljförvaltaren.  Den finansiella portföljen består av amerikanska livförsäkringskontrakt som har erbjudits på andrahandsmarknaden, insamlat av vår partner RessCapital. Metoden utvärderas på tre olika portföljer med olika karaktär.  I Del I så utförs en analys för att välja en optimal tröskel för Peaks-Over-Threshold. Noggrannheten och precisionen för Peaks-Over-Threshold jämförs med en Monte Carlo simulering med 10,000 iterationer, där en Monte Carlo simulering med 100,000 iterationer används som referensvärde. Beroende på riskmått samt vilken percentil som är av intresse så väljs olika trösklar.  I Del II presenteras resultaten med de "optimalt" valda trösklarna från Del I. Peaks-over-Threshold påvisade signifikant bättre resultat för Value-at-Risk jämfört med Monte Carlo simuleringen med 10,000 iterationer. Resultaten för Expected Shortfall påvisade inte en signifikant förbättring sett till precision, men visade förbättring sett till noggrannhet.  För både Value-at-Risk och Expected Shortfall uppnådde Peaks-Over-Threshold en större felminskning vid 99.5:e percentilen jämfört med den 99:e. Resultaten var därför i linje med de teoretiska förväntningarna då en högre percentil motsvarar ett extremare event.  Sammanfattningsvis så kan metoden Peaks-Over-Threshold vara användbar när det kommer till att minska antalet iterationer i en Monte Carlo simulering då resultatet visade att Peaks-Over-Threshold appliceringen accelererar Monte Carlon simuleringens konvergens. Resultatet är dock starkt beroende av det undersökta eventets sannolikhet, samt precision- och noggrannhetskravet.

The Round Top laccolith is considered to be one of the youngest laccoliths in a series of five known as the Sierra Blanca peaks, located in Hudspeth county, Texas. The laccolith is anomalous within the region in that it is peraluminous and enriched in HREEs, F, and U, and is comprised of intermingled discrete packages of various rhyolite types. The laccolith rhyolite varies in color from gray, purple, red, and tan, which combine locally to form distinct geometric mottled textures. The general composition of the rhyolite is 48-52% potassium feldspar, 28-30% quartz, 8-14% plagioclase feldspar, 4-5% annite biotite, 2-3% magnetite-hematite, 1% zircon, and 1% trace phases. The morphology of the trace phases suggests quenching of a late-stage volatile-rich vapor phase at the time of the laccolith formation. The rhyolite displays a wide array of unique mineralogical characteristics indicative to rapid emplacement and metastable crystallization conditions, including three-part quartz phenocrysts, hourglass sector-zoned potassium feldspars, and late-stage anhedral zircons. Unique accessory and trace phases include cassiterite, cerianite-(Ce), changbaiite, columbite, cryolite, tantalite, thorite, yttrofluorite, yttrocerite, and two unidentified minerals named (W) and (X). Initial alteration of the laccolith by high temperature volatile-rich vapor during the late stages of crystallization caused the partial dissolution of the feldspars and quartz. Subsequent quenching of this high temperature vapor phase produced the abundant interstitial, and pore filling REE-fluorides common to the laccolith. The variation in rhyolite color and the presence of the mottled textures are a direct result of partial oxidation of the laccolith by secondary fluids. The oxidizing fluids migrated within the laccolith along an extensive fracture network, altering the adjacent wallrock by oxidizing magnetite phenocrysts to hematite. The gray, purple, and red rhyolite types reflect an increase in turbidity caused by hematitic inclusions primarily within the pore spaces of the potassium feldspar portions of the groundmass. The tan rhyolite is locally restricted to the base of the laccolith and has been subjected to an intense degree of alteration independent of the other rhyolite types, primarily indicated by the conversion of feldspars to clay. Petrographic, microbeam, and geochemical studies have determined little variation in REE concentration between the three rhyolites of similar alteration intensity, but have indicated a depletion in LREEs within the more altered tan rhyolite. The average REE+Y content for the rhyolites sampled (n=11) ranges between 249 ppm and 518 ppm. The REE+Y concentrations between rhyolite samples of the same type show some variation, possibly indicating a correlation between alteration and REE+Y abundance and/or innate heterogeneity in the vapor phase during the initial laccolith formation. The magma emplaced at Round Top underwent a prolonged evolutionary process of fractionation/differentiation as evident by the unusual mineral assemblage and geochemical enrichment associated with the laccolith (e.g. extremely negative europium anomaly, and the positive La/Yb correlation). Future exploration for Round Top style REE-deposits should center within long-lived, tectonically active and complex regions where laccoliths are likely to exist. Specifically, exploration should focus on identifying the youngest laccolith in a felsic series, as this is the most likely to contain the greatest abundance of incompatible elements within the laccolithic group. The early alteration of feldspars by the high temperature vapor phase was crucial in the development of the REE+Y enrichment at Round Top. The feldspar dissolution provided abundant open pore space that was subsequently filled by the REE-fluorides. Thus, exploration should additionally seek laccoliths that have undergone a similar early alteration process, and expand to potential laccolith groups not yet exposed by erosional processes. / text

This thesis contributes to two completely unrelated debates in the economic literature, similar only in the relatively high degree of controversy characterizing each one. The first part is methodological and macroeconomic in nature, addressing the question of whether the distribution of income across countries is converging (i.e. are the poor catching up to the rich?) or diverging (i.e. are we witnessing the formation of two exclusive clubs, one for poor countries and another one for rich countries?). Applications of the simple Markov model to this question have generated evidence in favor of the divergence hypothesis. In the first chapter, I critically review these results. I use statistical inference to show that the divergence results are not statistically robust, and I explain that this instability of the results comes from the application of a model for discrete data to data that is actually continuous. In the second chapter, I reposition the whole convergence-divergence debate by placing it in the context of Silverman’s classic survey of non-parametric density estimation techniques. This allows me to use the basic notions of fuzzy logic to adapt the simple Markov chain model to continuous data. When I apply the newly adapted Markov chain model to the cross-country distribution question, I find evidence against the divergence hypothesis, and this evidence is statistically robust. The second part of the thesis is empirical and microeconomic in nature. I question whether observed differences between husbands’ and wives’ participation in labor markets are due to different preferences or to different constraints. My identification strategy is based on the idea that the more power an individual has relative to his/her partner, the more his/her actions will reflect his/her preferences. I use 2001 PSID data on cohabiting couples to estimate a simultaneous equations model of the spousal time allocation decision. My results confirm the stylized fact that specialization and trade does not explain time allocation for couples in which the wife is the primary breadwinner, and suggest that power could provide a more general explanation of the observations. My results show that wives with relatively more power choose to work more on the labor market and less at home, whereas husbands with more power choose to do the opposite. Since women start out from a lower level of labor market participation than men do, it would seem that spouses’ agree that the ideal mix of market work and housework lies somewhere between the husbands’ and the wives’ current positions.

Ao capturar a assinatura regional da exumação de uma área fonte, a termocronologia de sedimentos detríticos modernos tem se provada bem sucedida para revelar as taxas e estilos da orogênese. Nós aplicamos essa técnica a uma serra pequena de alto relevo na região do Caribe, no norte da Colômbia, denominada Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, onde os padrões da orogênese no Cenozoico permanecem obscuros. A serra de Santa Marta é a montanha costeira mais alta da Terra, com elevações superiores a 5,8 km, apenas a 40 km do Mar do Caribe. A idade e os fatores controladores da formação dessa topografia abrupta são vagamente compreendidos. Novos dados de TFA e U-Th/He obtidas de areia fluvial de oito bacias hidrográficas que drenam o flanco oriental da serra, juntamente com uma compilação das idades publicadas, nos permitem determinar três pulsos de exumação abrangendo o Cenozoico: um pulso precoce durante o Paleoceno-Eoceno (60-45 Ma), associado ao caimento para leste da Cordilheira Central-Serra de Santa Marta, área antigamente adjacente, e que foi desencadeada por colisão de crosta oceânica ao longo do oeste da Colômbia; um episódio tardio no Oligoceno-Mioceno (25-20 Ma) de exumação tectônica associada à abertura do Vale do Baixo Magdalena, e um pulso tardio no Mioceno médio (16-10 Ma) relacionado à migração para leste da deformação em direção às bacias de Cesar Rancheria e a Serra de Perijá, e possivelmente relacionadas à reativação contracional da falha de Santa Marta-Bucaramanga. Enquanto a assinatura de exumação do Paleoceno-Eoceno é preservada principalmente nas bacias hidrográficas ao nordeste e a assinatura do Mioceno médio no sudoeste, o Oligoceno-Mioceno ocorre de forma generalizada. A modelagem termocinemática tridimensional calibrada com os dados bedrock disponíveis e os detríticos obtidos no presente estudo documentam exumação assimétrica com taxas integradas para o Cenozoico de até 0.26 km/My na margem ocidental e menores de 0.14 km/My para o leste. As taxas de exumação derivadas apenas da modelagem de dados sugerem uma aceleração de exumação após o Mioceno. / By capturing the regional signature of source rock exhumation, detrital thermochronology of modern sediments has proven successful in revealing the rates and styles of orogenesis. We applied this technique to a small, high relief mountain range in the Caribbean realm in northern Colombia, the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, where the patterns of Cenozoic mountain building remain unclear. The Santa Marta range is the highest coastal mountain on Earth, with summit elevation in excess of 5.8 km, only 40 km inland to the Caribbean Sea. The age and controlling factors for the formation of such abrupt topography remain loosely understood New AFT and U-Th/He data from river sand samples of eight catchments draining the eastern flank of the range together with a compilation of published ages, allow us to three exhumation pulses spanning the Cenozoic: An early pulse during the Paleocene-Eocene (60-45 Ma) associated to eastward tilting of the formerly continuous Cordillera Central-Santa Marta range triggered by collision of an oceanic crust along western Colombia; a late Oligocene-Miocene (25-20 Ma) episode of tectonic exhumation associated to opening of the Lower Magdalena Valley, and a late pulse at the middle Miocene (16-10Ma) related to eastward migration of the deformation towards the Cesar Rancheria basins and the Perijá Range, and possibly related to contractional reactivation of the Santa Marta-Bucaramanga fault. Whilst the Paleocene-Eocene exhumation signature is mainly preserved in the northeastern catchments and the middle Miocene in the southwestern ones, the Oligocene- Miocene is ubiquitous to all them. Three-dimensional thermokinematic modeling calibrated, with available bedrock and our new detrital thermochronometric data document asymmetric exhumation in the Cenozoic with integrated rates of 0.26 km/my in the western margin and below 0.14 km /my to the east. Exhumation rates derived from modeling suggest a post-Miocene acceleration of exhumation.

Global warming is affecting the Earth climate year by year, the biggest difference being observable in increasing temperatures in the World Ocean. Following the long- term global ocean warming trend, average sea surface temperatures across the global tropics and subtropics have increased by 0.4–1◦C in the last 40 years. These rates become even higher in semi-enclosed southern seas, such as the Red Sea, threaten- ing the survival of thermal-sensitive species. As average sea surface temperatures are projected to continue to rise, careful study of future developments of extreme temper- atures is paramount for the sustainability of marine ecosystem and biodiversity. In this thesis, we use Extreme-Value Theory to study sea surface temperature extremes from a gridded dataset comprising 16703 locations over the Red Sea. The data were provided by Operational SST and Sea Ice Analysis (OSTIA), a satellite-based data system designed for numerical weather prediction. After pre-processing the data to account for seasonality and global trends, we analyze the marginal distribution of ex- tremes, defined as observations exceeding a high spatially varying threshold, using the Generalized Pareto distribution. This model allows us to extrapolate beyond the ob- served data to compute the 100-year return levels over the entire Red Sea, confirming the increasing trend of extreme temperatures. To understand the dynamics govern- ing the dependence of extreme temperatures in the Red Sea, we propose a flexible local approach based on R-Pareto processes, which extend the univariate Generalized Pareto distribution to the spatial setting. Assuming that the sea surface temperature varies smoothly over space, we perform inference based on the gradient score method over small regional neighborhoods, in which the data are assumed to be stationary in space. This approach allows us to capture spatial non-stationarity, and to reduce the overall computational cost by taking advantage of distributed computing resources. Our results reveal an interesting extremal spatial dependence structure: in particular, from our estimated model, we conclude that significant extremal dependence prevails for distances up to about 2500 km, which roughly corresponds to the Red Sea length.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:15:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leticia Xavier de Lemos Capanema.pdf: 15292531 bytes, checksum: a9c7565d1fb55a5c78dcdbd7ae88287a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research investigates the television narratology starting from the fact that the fictional production in television has become more complex in recent decades. Considering that the phenomenon of fiction complexity manifests in a distinct sort of supports (oral, scenic, book, cinematic, televisual or hypermedia), what are the features that allow certain works to be classified as complex narratives? There would be an underlying logic that guide and connect them? This thesis holds the hypothesis that there is a fundamental logic of complex narrative permeating all its concrete manifestations: the self-referentiality, namely, the movement of turning back on itself, generating a metareflective reception by the public. Therefore, the specific objective is to investigate the relationship between the complex narrative and the selfreferentiality, as well as its mechanisms and effects in television studies. The main objective of this thesis is to achieve a precise concept of narrative complexity in fiction television that contributes to the solidification of its narratology. The theoretical object of this study is the notion of complex narrative and the empirical object are the manifestations of the narrative complexity in literary fiction, filmic fiction and especially the televisual fiction. The corpus is the american TV series Twin Peaks. In order to clarify some specific concepts, other television programs are briefly examined. Our methodological procedure relies both on Paul Ricoeur's mimetic circle model and on the narratology of Genette, adapted by André Gaudreault and Francois Jost for audiovisual application. Our theoretical argument about the relationship between the complex narrative and the self-reference is based on Alfonso Romano de Sant'Anna and several other authors who also analyzed self-reference in literature, film and television. The principle of self-referentiality, its types, modes and performance levels are explored based on the approaches of Werner Wolf and Winfried Nöth. The results achieved in this study allow us to conclude that the complex narrative is a phenomenon resulting from self-referential strategies present in instances of content, structure and the narrative act / Esta pesquisa trata do tema da narratologia da televisão e parte do constatação de que a produção ficcional televisual tem se complexificado nas últimas décadas. Considerando que o fenômeno da complexidade comparece em ficções de naturezas distintas (orais, cênicas, escriturais, fílmicas, televisuais ou hipermidiáticas), quais seriam as características que permitem que certas obras sejam classificadas como narrativas complexas? Haveria uma lógica subjacente que as orienta, interligando-as? Esta tese sustenta a existência de uma lógica fundamental da narrativa complexa que perpassa todas as suas manifestações concretas: a autorreferencialidade, isto é, o movimento de voltar-se sobre si, gerando, em consequência, a recepção metarreflexiva por parte do público. Por esse caminho investigamos, como objetivos específicos, a relação entre a narrativa complexa e o fenômeno da autorreferencialidade, bem assim, seus mecanismos e efeitos no campo da televisão. O objetivo principal desta tese é alcançar um conceito preciso de complexificação narrativa na ficção televisual que contribua para a solidificação de uma narratologia da televisão. Este estudo tem como objeto teórico a noção de narrativa complexa e como objeto empírico as manifestações de complexidade narrativa na ficção literária, fílmica e, principalmente, a ficção televisual. Elegemos como corpus a série estadunidense Twin Peaks. Com o intuito de esclarecer conceitos específicos, outras obras televisuais são brevemente examinadas. Nossa ferramenta metodológica apoia-se no modelo do círculo mimético de Paul Ricoeur e na narratologia de Gérard Genette, essa última adaptada por André Gaudreault e François Jost para aplicação ao campo audiovisual. Nossa argumentação teórica sobre a relação entre narrativa complexa e autorreferência se inspira nos estudos de Affonso Romano de Sant'Anna e de diversos outros autores que também tematizam a autorreferência nos campos da literatura, do cinema e da televisão. O princípio da autorreferencialidade, seus tipos, modos e níveis de atuação são por nós explorados com base nas abordagens de Werner Wolf e de Winfried Nöth. Os resultados alcançados nesta pesquisa permitem-nos concluir que a narrativa complexa é um fenômeno decorrente de estratégias autorreferenciais presentes nas instâncias do conteúdo, da estrutura e do ato narrativo

Diesel engines operating the rig pose the problems of low efficiency and large amount of emissions. In addition the rig power requirements vary a lot with time and ongoing operation. Therefore it is in the best interest of operators to research on alternate drilling energy sources which can make entire drilling process economic and environmentally friendly. One of the major ways to reduce the footprint of drilling operations is to provide more efficient power sources for drilling operations. There are various sources of alternate energy storage/reuse. A quantitative comparison of physical size and economics shows that rigs powered by the electrical grid can provide lower cost operations, emit fewer emissions, are quieter, and have a smaller surface footprint than conventional diesel powered drilling. This thesis describes a study to evaluate the feasibility of adopting technology to reduce the size of the power generating equipment on drilling rigs and to provide ?peak shaving? energy through the new energy generating and energy storage devices such as flywheels. An energy audit was conducted on a new generation light weight Huisman LOC 250 rig drilling in South Texas to gather comprehensive time stamped drilling data. A study of emissions while drilling operation was also conducted during the audit. The data was analyzed using MATLAB and compared to a theoretical energy audit. The study showed that it is possible to remove peaks of rig power requirement by a flywheel kinetic energy recovery and storage (KERS) system and that linking to the electrical grid would supply sufficient power to operate the rig normally. Both the link to the grid and the KERS system would fit within a standard ISO container. A cost benefit analysis of the containerized system to transfer grid power to a rig, coupled with the KERS indicated that such a design had the potential to save more than $10,000 per week of drilling operations with significantly lower emissions, quieter operation, and smaller size well pad.

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture