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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Função dos músculos do assoalho pélvico : comparação entre mulheres praticantes do método Pilates e sedentárias

Barbosa, Lia Janaina Ferla January 2014 (has links)
Pesquisas relacionadas os músculos do assoalho pélvico (MAP) tem ganhado espaço na última década principalmente quando se refere a alterações na sua função. A maioria das pesquisas encontradas na literatura diz respeito às disfunções dos MAP. É importante conhecer formas de condicionamento dessa musculatura que possa evitar a perda de função, seja por falta de exercícios os por alterações decorrentes do processo de envelhecimento. Sabe-se que em mulheres com disfunção o treinamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico (TMAP) tem um efeito positivo na melhora da função desse grupo muscular o qual comumente é treinado isoladamente. Porém as formas de melhorar o condicionamento independente de um quadro de disfunção ainda são pouco investigadas, visto que mulheres não ingressam em um TMAP de forma preventiva. Já há registros de exercícios que podem gerar impacto negativo sobre a função dessa musculatura, como corrida e jump, mas não sobre exercícios que possam melhorar a função. A existência de um sinergismo entre os músculos profundos do tronco, em especial do transverso abdominal (TrA), e do assoalho pélvico (AP) é tema de estudos recentes e uma estratégia de prevenção seria a prática de exercício físico regular, que enfatize a coativação dos músculos abdominais e do AP. Assim, esta dissertação teve como foco de estudo identificar a presença ou não de sinergismo abdomino-pélvico em mulheres hígidas e também identificar se a função dos MAP de mulheres que praticam o Método Pilates diferem de sedentárias. O Método Pilates tem por objetivo melhorar o condicionamento de todos os grupos musculares que compõem o powerhouse, incluindo, portanto, TrA e os MAP. O primeiro estudo foi uma revisão sistemática das pesquisas que buscou identificar a presença de sinergismo em mulheres sem disfunções do assoalho pélvico. Tal revisão seguiu as recomendações propostas pela Colaboração Cochrane e a busca na literatura incluiu as bases MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL e EMBASE, além de busca manual, do início das bases até agosto de 2013. Foram incluídos estudos observacionais transversais, com mulheres hígidas que foram avaliadas quanto à presença de sinergismo abdomino-pélvico. Foram incluídos 10 artigos e todos demonstraram a existência de sinergismo entre os músculos abdominais e músculos do assoalho pélvico (MAP) em mulheres hígidas nas posturas supina, sentada e em ortostase. O conhecimento desse sinergismo pode favorecer a proposição de estratégias de tratamento e prevenção das disfunções dos MAP feminino. O segundo estudo que compôs esta dissertação teve por objetivo verificar se existe diferença na função dos MAP entre mulheres praticantes do Método Pilates e sedentárias. O estudo foi observacional e transversal, com uma amostragem composta por mulheres praticantes do Método Pilates (GMP) e sedentárias (GS). O nível de significância e o poder estatístico foram fixados em 5% e 80%, respectivamente, e o tamanho da amostra foi de no mínimo 24 indivíduos para cada grupo - Grupo Método Pilates (GMP) e Grupo Sedentárias (GS). Para avaliação da função dos MAP utilizou-se a perineometria e a Escala PERFECT e uma Ficha de Anamnese. Foi utilizada estatística inferencial, sendo o nível de significância adotado menor ou igual a 0,05. Foram avaliadas um total de 60 mulheres, sendo 30 do GMP e 30 do GS. Este estudo demonstrou não haver diferença significativa entre o GMP e o GS em nenhuma das variáveis analisadas. Conclui-se que mulheres praticantes do Método Pilates não diferem de mulheres sedentárias em relação à função dos MAP. / Searches related muscles of the pelvic floor (MAP) has gained ground over the last decade particularly when it comes to changes in its function. Most studies found in the literature with regard to disorders of MAP. It is important to know ways of conditioning these muscles which can prevent loss of function, either by lack of exercise for the changes resulting from the aging process. It is known that the dysfunction in women with pelvic floor training (PFMT) muscles have a positive effect on the improvement of the function of this muscle group which is commonly trained alone. But the ways to improve the fitness of an independent frame of dysfunction are still poorly investigated, since women do not enter into a TMAP preventively. Already there are reports of exercises that can have a negative impact on the function of these muscles, such as running and jump, but not about exercises that can improve function. The existence of a synergism between the deep trunk muscles, particularly the transversus abdominis (TrA), and pelvic floor (AP) is the subject of recent studies and a prevention strategy would be the practice of regular exercise that emphasizes coactivation abdominal muscles and the AP. Thus, this dissertation focused study to identify the presence or absence of abdominal-pelvic synergism in healthy women and to identify the function of the MAP of women who practice Pilates differ from sedentary. The Pilates method aims to improve the conditioning of all muscle groups that make up the powerhouse, including therefore TrA and MAP. The first study was a systematic review of research aimed at identifying the presence of synergism in women without pelvic floor dysfunction. This review followed the recommendations proposed by the Cochrane Collaboration and the literature search included the MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane CENTRAL databases, and manual search, the start of the bases until August 2013 transversal observational studies were included, with healthy women who were evaluated for the presence of abdominal-pelvic synergism. 10 articles were included and all demonstrated the existence of synergism between the abdominal muscles and pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) in healthy women in the supine, sitting postures and standing positions. Knowledge of this synergism may favor the proposition of strategies for treatment and prevention of disorders of the female MAP. The second study that composed this dissertation aimed to verify whether there are differences in the function of MAP between practitioners of Pilates and sedentary women. The study was observational and cross-sectional, with a sample composed by practitioners of Pilates (GMP) and sedentary (GS) women. The significance level and statistical power were set at 5% and 80%, respectively, and the sample size was at least 24 subjects for each group - Group Pilates Method (GMP) and Sedentary Group (GS). To evaluate the role of MAP was used perineometry and Scale PERFECT and a sheet of Anamnesis. Inferential statistics were used, and the significance level less than or equal to 0.05. A total of 60 women, 30 and 30 of the GMP GS were evaluated. This study showed no significant difference between the GMP and the GS in any of the variables analyzed. It is concluded that women who practice Pilates Method not differ from sedentary women in relation to the function of MAP.
32

Desenvolvimento de um jogo virtual destinado a aparelhos com sistema operacional ANDROID para conscientização e fortalecimento da musculatura do assoalho pélvico

MORETTI, Eduarda Correia 29 June 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-05-08T15:05:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertacao-FINAL-Eduarda-Moretti.pdf: 3308653 bytes, checksum: 3408092a8d1f30798eb17a9b74b6ea46 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-08T15:05:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertacao-FINAL-Eduarda-Moretti.pdf: 3308653 bytes, checksum: 3408092a8d1f30798eb17a9b74b6ea46 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-29 / CAPES / CNPQ / Contextualização: a realidade virtual é uma possibilidade de modalidade terapêutica utilizada nos distúrbios do assoalho pélvico. Objetivo: determinar o local anatômico do assoalho pélvico com melhor nível de atividade eletromiográfica a fim de servir como referência para o local do sensor de um jogo. Pretende-se, também desenvolver um jogo virtual para conscientização e fortalecimento da musculatura do assoalho pélvico a ser inserido em um aplicativo móvel Android, testar sua usabilidade e avaliar a satisfação. Métodos: 30 mulheres participaram da pesquisa do local anatômico do assoalho pélvico com maior nível de atividade eletromiográfica, dado por média e pico de RMS normalizados. Para eletromiografia, utilizou-se um eletromiógrafo da Miotec® (Miotool 400) e o software Miotec Suite. Cada participante compareceu a três dias de coleta, onde eram solicitadas três contrações voluntárias máximas da musculatura perineal. O sinal eletromiográfico era captado através de uma sonda intravaginal e de dois pares de eletrodos de superfície, sendo um posicionado imediatamente abaixo dos grandes lábios e outro nas horas três e nove do relógio perianal. Para elaboração do jogo, foram considerados protocolos de exercícios perineais com evidência na literatura. Posteriormente, o jogo foi inserido em um aplicativo móvel. A satisfação do sistema foi avaliada através de uma escala visual analógica, e o nível de usabilidade do aplicativo, através do MATCH (Checklist para Avaliação da Usabilidade de Aplicativos para Celular Touchscreen). O teste de Kruskal-Wallis e o post hoc de Mann-Whitney foram utilizados para comparação entre as médias e identificação das diferenças das variáveis eletromiográficas. Foi adotado um nível de significância de α ≤ 0,05 e utilizado o SPSS versão 20. Para os dados de usabilidade, as distribuições de frequência das variáveis categóricas foram obtidas através do SPSS. Medidas de tendência central e de dispersão das variáveis numéricas também foram calculadas. Resultados: os eletrodos perianais apresentaram uma média de RMS normalizada de 37,81(13,78 DP) e um pico de RMS normalizado de 47,14(16,9 DP), enquanto os eletrodos posicionados imediatamente abaixo dos grandes lábios apresentaram uma média de 20,32(10,15 DP) e pico de 25,86(12,38 DP). Os valores para média e pico de RMS captados pela sonda intravaginal foram de 33,47(20,82 DP) e 43,81(27,81 DP), respectivamente. Não foi encontrada diferença entre os valores de média e pico de RMS da sonda e dos eletrodos perianais (p=0,225; p=0,315), entretanto ambos foram maiores que os captados pelos eletrodos localizados imediatamente abaixo dos grandes lábios (média e pico em relação à sonda: p = 0,016; p=0,02. Em relação aos eletrodos perianais: p<0,001). O aplicativo de jogo desenvolvido foi denominado MyoPelvic e possui um modo de jogo para fibras musculares rápidas e outro para fibras musculares lentas. Ambos os modos envolvem o controle de uma ciclista em um percurso de subidas e decidas por montanhas através de contrações perineais. A satisfação em relação ao sistema apresentou uma mediana de 9 e a média do nível de usabilidade do aplicativo foi 62,42(5,03 DP). Conclusão: a sonda intravaginal e eletrodos de superfície posicionados nas horas três e nove do relógio perianal são equivalentes para avaliação da função do assoalho pélvico. A escolha do tipo de eletrodo deve respeitar os valores e preferências dos pacientes. O MyoPelvic apresentou alto grau de satisfação e nível de usabilidade muito alto. / Context: virtual reality is a possibility of therapeutic modality used in pelvic floor disorders. Objective: To determine the anatomical location of the pelvic floor with better level of electromyographic activity in order to serve as a reference for the location of a game’s sensor. The main aim is to develop a virtual game that raises awareness and strengthen the pelvic floor muscles. It is also intended to insert the game into a mobile application Android, test its usability and evaluate its satisfaction. Methods: 30 women participated in the study of the anatomical location of the pelvic floor with the highest level of electromyographic activity, given by the mean and the peak of normalized RMS. For electromyography, a surface electromyograph Miotec® (Miotool 400) and a Miotec Suite software were used. Each participant attended three collection days, in which three maximal voluntary contractions of the perineal muscles were requested. The electromyographic signal was picked up by an intravaginal probe and two pairs of surface electrodes, one positioned immediately below the labia majora and the other at three and nine hours of the perianal clock. Perineal exercise protocols with evidence in the literature were considered to create the game. Then, the game was inserted in a mobile application. The satisfaction with the system developed was evaluated by a visual analog scale, and the application's usability level was also evaluated by MATCH (Checklist for Usability Evaluation of Applications Touchscreen Phones). The Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney’s post hoc were used to compare averages and differences identification in the electromyographic variables. A significance level of α ≤ 0.05 was adopted and it was used the SPSS version 20. For the usability data, frequency distributions of categorical variables were obtained using SPSS. Measures of central tendency and dispersion of numerical variables were also calculated. Results: The perianal electrodes showed a mean of normalized RMS of 37.81 (13.78 SD) and a peak of normalized RMS of 47.14 (SD 16.9), while the electrodes positioned immediately below the labia majora had a mean of 20.32 (10.15 SD) and a peak of 25.86 (12.38 SD). The values for mean and peak RMS obtained by intravaginal probe were 33.47 (20.82 SD) and 43.81 (27.81 SD), respectively. No difference was found between the mean and the peak RMS values obtained by the probe and the perianal electrodes (p = 0.225; p = 0.315), though both were higher than those captured by the electrodes placed just below the labia majora (mean and peak according to the probe: p = 0.016; p = 0.02. According to the perianal electrodes: p <0.001). The developed game app was named MyoPelvic and has a game mode for the fast muscle fibers and another for slow muscle fibers. Both methods involve the control by perineal contractions of a cyclist on a road that goes up and down in mountains. The satisfaction with the system showed a median of 9 and the application usability level average was 62.42 (5.03 SD). Conclusion: The intravaginal probe and the surface electrodes placed at three and nine hours of perianal clock are equivalent to evaluate the pelvic floor function. The choice of the electrode type must respect the values and preferences of the patients. The MyoPelvic showed high levels of satisfaction and usability.
33

Avaliação funcional da musculatura do assoalho pélvico e da sexualidade de mulheres com candidíase vulvovaginal recorrente e vulvodínia / Functional evaluation of the pelvic floor muscles and the sexuality of women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis and vulvodynia

Polpeta, Nádia Cristina, 1981- 02 April 2011 (has links)
Orientadores: Paulo César Giraldo, Cássia Raquel Teatin Juliato / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T08:44:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Polpeta_NadiaCristina_M.pdf: 14226340 bytes, checksum: 1b40169e6b1f26208c4f3915569f3477 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Introdução: Candidíase vulvovaginal recorrente (CVVR) e vulvodínia (VVD) cursam com dor e desconforto vulvoperineal, o que afeta a vida da mulher nas esferas: sexual, afetiva, social, e psíquica. Objetivo: Avaliar a função da musculatura do assoalho pélvico (MAP) e da sexualidade de mulheres com CVVR ou VVD. Desenho do estudo: Estudo de corte transversal com 61 mulheres entre 18 e 50 anos e sexualmente ativas, sendo 19 mulheres com VVD, 12 mulheres com CVVR e 30 assintomáticas (controles). A função da MAP foi avaliada através de eletromiografia de superfície (sEMG) e de registro da pressão vaginal (PV), utilizando-se o aparelho "Miotool Uro" e o "software Biotrainer" (Miotec LTDA). A função sexual foi avaliada através do questionário "Female Sexual Function Index" (FSFI) que consta de 19 questões, agrupadas em 6 domínios (desejo sexual, excitação, lubrificação vaginal, orgasmo, satisfação sexual e dor). Resultados: As mulheres com CVVR e VVD apresentaram potenciais elétricos da MAP, evidenciados pela sEMG, significativamente menores que os controles, porém não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as mulheres portadoras de CVVR, VVD e controles para os valores eletromiograficos do tônus basal e pressão vaginal no repouso ou nas contrações da MAP. Da mesma forma mulheres com CVVR e VVD apresentaram um tempo máximo de contração sustentada significativamente menor que os controles. Mulheres com VVD apresentaram um pior desempenho sexual (excitação, lubrificação, orgasmo, satisfação sexual e dor). Apenas o desejo sexual não foi pior que das mulheres controles. Nas mulheres com CVVR estas diferenças não foram tão evidentes, havendo comprometimento apenas dos domínios orgasmo e satisfação. O escore total de pontuação do grupo CVVR foi 25 (±5), do VVD 21 (±5) e dos controles de 29 (±4) (p<0,05). Conclusão: Mulheres com VVD e CVVR apresentam disfunção da MAP e qualidade de vida sexual inferior aos controles / Abstract: Introduction: Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) and vulvodynia (VVD) are characterized by pain and vulvoperineal discomfort, which may affect a woman's life in the sexual, affective, social and psychological spheres. Objective: To evaluate pelvic floor muscle (PFM) function and sexuality in women with RVVC or VVD. Study design: A cross-sectional study conducted with 61 sexually active women (age range: 18 to 50 years). Of the total women, 19 had VVD, 12 had RVVC caused by Candida and 30 were asymptomatic (controls). PFM function was evaluated by surface electromyography (sEMG) and vaginal pressure (PV) recording. A "Miotool Uro" device and Biotrainer" software (Miotec Ltd) were used for this purpose. Sexual function was assessed by the "Female Sexual Function Index" (FSFI) questionnaire including 19 questions, grouped into 6 domains (sexual desire, arousal, vaginal lubrication, orgasm, sexual satisfaction and pain). Results: The electrical potential of the PFM in women with RVVC and VVD as evidenced by sEMG was significantly lower than in the controls. However, no significant differences were found among women with RVVC, those with VVD and controls for electromyography values at basal tone and vaginal pressure at rest or PFM contractions. Similarly, the maximum time of sustained contraction in women with RVVC and VVD was significantly lower than in women in the control group. Women with VVD had a worse sexual performance (arousal, lubrication, orgasm, sexual satisfaction and pain). Only sexual desire was not worse in these women compared to the control group. In women with RVVC, these differences were not sufficiently evident and only the domains of orgasm and satisfaction were compromised. The total score was 25 (±5) for the RVVC group, 21 (±5) for the VVD group and 29 (±4) for the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Women with VVD and RVVC had PFM dysfunction and a lower sexual quality of life than women in the control group / Mestrado / Fisiopatologia Ginecológica / Mestre em Ciências da Saúde
34

Impacto da gestação e do parto na sinergia entre os musculos transverso do abdome/obliquo interno e o assoalho pelvico = avaliação eletromiografica / Impact of pregnancy and delivery to the synergy among transversus abdominus/obliquous internus and pelvic floor-eletromyographic evaluation

Pereira, Larissa Carvalho, 1983- 15 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Cassio Luiz Zanettini Riccetto, Simone Botelho Pereira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T11:20:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_LarissaCarvalho_M.pdf: 1067764 bytes, checksum: 7b7d6ecdb9da9f6122d177a0b8a6ed46 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Introdução e objetivos: Os exercícios dos músculos do assoalho pélvico e do abdome devem ser minuciosamente avaliados e orientados para que, através da sinergia, haja aperfeiçoamento na qualidade dos exercícios e se conheça as reações desencadeadas durante a realização dos mesmos. É de grande importância entender a sinergia do recinto abdomino pélvico em diferentes fases da vida feminina, como na gestação e puerpério, pois, nestas fases surgem grandes alterações na musculatura abdominal e do assoalho pélvico, necessitando de maior atenção para que os exercícios sejam realmente eficazes. Sendo assim, este estudo observacional, teve como objetivo a avaliação eletromiográfica simultânea dos músculos transverso do abdome e do assoalho pélvico, durante exercícios comumente realizados por mulheres em fase gestacional e/ou puerperal. Métodos: Este estudo, clínico, prospectivo, observacional e controlado foi constituído de 81 mulheres, com idade média de 23,56 anos (DP=4,82), as quais foram divididas em quatro grupos: Grupo (A): 20 nulíparas; Grupo (B): 25 primigestas, com idade gestacional maior ou igual à 24 semanas; Grupo (C): 19 puérperas em fase remota (40 a 60 dias), pós parto vaginal; Grupo (D): 17 puérperas em fase remota (40 a 60 dias), pós parto cesariana. Inicialmente foi realizado a avaliação funcional do assoalho pélvico (AFA) e posteriormente o probe endovaginal foi posicionado. A atividade elétrica dos músculos abdominais e do assoalho pélvico foi registrada simultaneamente por eletromiografia de superfície. As contrações solicitadas do assoalho pélvico e do abdome foram máximas, voluntárias e repetidas três vezes, sendo as contrações do abdome do tipo isométrico e isotônico. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) com aplicação de Teste Contrastes Ortogonais através do programa estatístico "R", da R Development Core Team (2008). Os contrastes realizados foram: Contraste 1- Nulíparas versus demais grupos; Contraste 2- Gestantes versus Puérperas e Contraste 3- Puérperas pós parto vaginal versus Puérperas pós parto cesariana. O nível de significância adotado foi abaixo de 1%. Resultados: Durante os exercícios para o assoalho pélvico, foi mostrada significância da sinergia abdominal das mulheres nulíparas (p=0,0007) quando comparadas aos outros grupos. Os demais contrastes realizados para verificação da sinergia durante exercício do assoalho pélvico não apresentou significância (p=0,4509 e p=0,2786). Ao realizar o exercício abdominal do tipo isométrico, as nulíparas mostraram valores significativos ao serem comparadas aos demais grupos estudados (p=0,00001). Entretanto, quando os outros grupos foram comparados entre si, não houve significância (p=0,7949 e 0,9633). Quando solicitado o exercício abdominal isotônico, as nulíparas se mostraram sinérgicas quando comparadas às demais mulheres em fases específicas (p=0,00002) o que não ocorreu nas demais comparações (p=0,8355 e p=0,4662). Conclusão: Há sinergia entre os músculos transverso do abdome/oblíquo interno e o assoalho pélvico em mulheres, jovens, nulíparas e saudáveis. Mulheres em fase gestacional e puerperal remota não apresentam co-ativação dos músculos transverso do abdome/oblíquo interno e do assoalho pélvico, independente do tipo de parto e exercício solicitado / Abstract: Introduction and objectives: Pelvic floor and abdominal muscles exercises must be carefully evaluated and coached so that throughout synergy there can be improvement of the quality of the exercises as well as a greater knowledge of the reactions produced during their execution. It is of great importance to understand the synergy of the abdominal-pelvic area during the different stages of the women such as gestation and puerperium, since in those phases there are many and great alterations of the abdominal and pelvic floor muscles that require more attention during exercises executions resulting in real efficacy. This observational study had as objective to evaluate through simultaneous electromyography the transversus abdominis, obliquous internus and pelvic floor muscles during commonly used exercises performed by women in gestational and/or puerperal phases. Methods: This is a clinical, observational, prospective and controlled study which was composed of 81 women with a mean age of 23. 56 years old (SD=4,82) who were divided into 4 groups: Group (A): 20 nulliparous; Group (B): 25 primiparous with gestational age superior or equal to 24 weeks; Group(C): 19 in late puerperal phase (40-60 days) after vaginal delivery; Group (D): 17 in late puerperal phase (40- 60 days) after cesarean delivery. The Functional Pelvic Floor Evaluation (AFA) was made prior to the endovaginal probe positioning. The electric activity of the abdominal and pelvic floor muscles was simultaneously recorded through surface electromyography. The requested contractions of those muscles were maximum, voluntary and performed for three times, being both isometric and isotonic. The results were analyzed by ANOVA (analysis of variance) with Orthogonal Contrast Test using the statistic program "R" from R Development Core Team (2008). The used contrasts were: Contrast 1: Nulliparous versus other groups; Contrast 2-Pregnant versus Puerperals and 3-After Vaginal Delivery Puerperals versus After Cesarean Delivery Puerperals. The significance level was below 1%. Results: During exercises of the pelvic floor muscles, there was a synergic response of the abdominal muscles in the nulliparous group (p=0,0007) when compared to the other groups. There was no significance for the other contrasts regarding pelvic floor muscles exercises (p=0,4509 and p=0,2786). There were significant values for the nulliparous women during isometric abdominal exercise when compared to the other groups (p=0,00001). However when the other groups were compared among each other, there were no significant values (p=0,7949 and 0,9633). During isotonic abdominal exercise, the nulliparous women showed synergy when compared to the other women who were in specific stages (p=0,00002). It did no happen with other comparisons (p=0,8355 and p=0,4662). Conclusão: There is synergy among transversus abdominis, obliquous internus and pelvic floor muscles in young, nulliparous and healthy women. Pregnant and late puerperal women do not present co-activation of the transversus abdominis, obliquous internus and pelvic floor muscles, independently of the delivery mode / Mestrado / Pesquisa Experimental / Mestre em Cirurgia
35

Are Age-related Changes Evident in the Active and/or Passive Components of Pelvic Floor Muscle Force Outcomes in Nulliparous Women?

Semmen, Mahin 17 May 2018 (has links)
Background: Age-related changes in pelvic floor muscle (PFM) biomechanics may contribute to urinary incontinence in older women; however, empirical evidence is scant. Purpose: This study aimed to understand the age-related changes in the biomechanical properties of the PFMs in women with no major risk factors for urinary incontinence. Methods: Thirty-three nulliparous women (20-64 years) were recruited to study active force, rate of force development, endurance, resistance to passive stretch and stiffness properties of the PFMs using an automated dynamometer. Separate regression analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between age and each outcome measure. Results: No significant relationships were observed between age and any of the outcome measures. Conclusion: The findings from this study do not support the presence of any age-related changes in PFM mechanics among women aged 20-64. Recruiting women over the age of 65 may be essential to detect age-related changes in PFM biomechanics in nulliparous women.
36

UROKIN: A Novel Software for Kinematic Analysis of Urogenital Motion Using Transperineal Ultrasound Imaging

Czyrnyj, Catriona January 2017 (has links)
Dynamic transperineal ultrasound (TPUS) video allows for kinematic analysis of urogenital morphology and mobility, however, measures are often limited to peak displacements of anatomical landmarks and are vulnerable to error incurred by probe rotation during imaging. This thesis aimed to (1) develop an algorithm to calculate kinematic curves of urogenital landmark motion from TPUS video and to (2) investigate the error incurred in these kinematic measures due to in-plane ultrasound probe rotation. UROKIN, a semi-automated software, was developed and, as a proof of concept, was used to identify differences in urogenital kinematics during pelvic floor muscle maximum voluntary contractions between women with and without stress urinary incontinence. A mathematical model revealed that the error incurred by TPUS probe rotation in the x- (anterior-posterior) and y- (cranial-caudal) directions, was a factor of: r, the radius of rotation; Ɵ, the in-plane angular probe rotation; and α, the angular deviation between the anatomical planes and the coordinate system in which error was calculated. As an absolute measure, the error incurred by in-plane probe rotation is reduced to a factor of only r and Ɵ. Moving forward, UROKIN must be adapted to include findings from (1), and must be tested for validity and reliability.
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O efeito de um programa de treinamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico realizado em grupo para mulheres na pós-menopausa = The effect of a pelvic floor muscle training performed in group to postmenopausal women / The effect of a pelvic floor muscle training performed in group to postmenopausal women

Alves, Fabiola Kenia, 1987- 09 November 2013 (has links)
Orientadores: Simone Botelho Pereira, Cássio Luís Zanettini Riccetto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T06:45:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alves_FabiolaKenia_M.pdf: 1692641 bytes, checksum: 229f8f470a88f89b5d3255ed8cccd5e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O processo de envelhecimento é um dos principais fatores de disfunções uroginecológicas. O treinamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico (TMAP) é o método de primeira escolha para o tratamento de incontinência urinária e também recomendado para a prevenção e tratamento de prolapsos dos órgãos pélvicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de um programa de TMAP em grupo sobre a contratilidade muscular em mulheres na pós-menopausa, assim como sobre a presença de sintomas urinários e prolapsos de órgãos genitais. Métodos. Foi realizado um ensaio clínico, randomizado, controlado e cego com 30 mulheres na pós-menopausa (idade média de 65.93 ±8.76 anos), divididas em dois grupos: Resumo: Grupo Tratado (n=18) e Grupo Controle (n=12). A avaliação foi realizada antes e após o tratamento em ambos os grupos e consistiu de palpação vaginal (Escala Modificada de Oxford), eletromiografia de superfície dos músculos do assoalho pélvico, avaliação da presença de prolapsos dos órgãos pélvicos e avaliação de sintomas miccionais e vaginais por meio da aplicação dos questionários validados: International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF); International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Overactive Bladder (ICIQ-OAB) e International Consultation Questionnaire on Vaginal Symptoms (ICIQ-VS). O protocolo de tratamento consistiu de 12 sessões em grupo de 8-10 participantes, duas vezes na semana, por 30 minutos, totalizando seis semanas. Foram utilizados para análise estatística os Testes ANOVA, Teste de Comparação múltipla de Tukey, Teste de Wilcoxon e Teste Perfil de Contrastes. Resultados. A contratilidade dos músculos do assoalho pélvico aumentou significativamente depois do programa de treinamento tanto na eletromiografia (p=0.003) quanto na palpação digital (p=0.001). Houve decréscimo do escore do questionário ICIQ-OAB apenas no grupo tratado (p<0.001) com diferença significativa entre os grupos através do tempo (p=0.002). Houve decréscimo do escore do questionário ICIQ-UI SF com diferença significativa entre o grupo controle e o grupo tratado depois do tratamento (p=0.03). O grau do prolapso anterior também diminuiu apenas no grupo tratado (p=0.03). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas no grau do prolapso posterior e no questionário ICIQ-VS. Conclusão. O programa de TMAP em grupo foi eficaz para o aumento da contratilidade muscular, diminuição da gravidade do prolapso de parede anterior e dos sintomas urinários em mulheres na pós-menopausa. / Abstract: Introduction. The aging process is one of the major reasons for urogynecological dysfunctions. Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is the method chosen in the first place for the treatment of urinary incontinence, also indicated for the prevention and treatment of the pelvic organs' prolapses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a group pelvic floor muscle training program on post-menopausal women's pelvic floor muscle contractility , as well as on the presence of urinary symptoms and genital organ prolapses. Methods. A clinical, randomized, controlled and assessor-blinded study was conducted with 30 post-menopausal women (mean age 65.93 ±8.76 years), divided into two groups: Treatment Group (n=18) and Control Group (n=12). The evaluation was carried out using digital palpation (Modified Oxford Grading Scale), pelvic floor surface electromyography (sEMG), the Pop-Q System to evaluate the presence of pelvic organ prolapse using validated questionnaires: International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF); International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Overactive Bladder (ICIQ-OAB) and International Consultation Questionnaire on Vaginal Symptoms (ICIQ-VS). The treatment protocol consisted of 12 group sessions, with 8-10 participants, carried out by a physiotherapist (main investigator), twice a week, with 30 minutes of duration each, totaling six weeks. The statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA, Tukey¿s Multiple Comparison Test, McNemar¿s Test and the Contrast Profile Test. Results. The pelvic floor muscle contractility increased after the training program, assessed by sEMG (p=0.003) and by vaginal palpation (p=0.001). There was a decrease in the ICIQ-OAB scores only in the treated group's final evaluation (p<0.001) with a significant difference between the groups along the time (p=0.002). There was a decrease in the ICIQ-UI SF scores (p=0.03) between the treated and control groups after the treatment. There was a significant decrease in the anterior pelvic organ prolapse (p=0.03) in the treated group. No significant differences were found in the posterior pelvic organ prolapse and the ICIQ-VS scores. Conclusion. Group pelvic floor muscle training program is an effective way to increase the pelvic floor muscle contractility and to decrease the anterior pelvic organ prolapse as well as urinary symptoms in post-menopausal women. / Mestrado / Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica / Mestra em Ciências
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Tailbone-ing movement practice

Drozd, Natalia January 2021 (has links)
The main purpose of the essay is to serve as a documentation of my research practice on the movement of the tailbone and its connections to my dancing body. The essay is being written from my personal perspective which springs out of my interest in the importance of using the tailbone whilst dancing. In the first part of the text I have included personal information to the reader about where my interest in the movement of the tailbone arose. One of the methods during the research was to write a process diary as a way to combine a physical practice and writing practice. This process diary is now a big part of this essay. In the essay you as a redear can follow how the research has transformed and changed throughout working time on the project. The second part of the essay reflects on the process of researching the tailbone-ing movement practice and what the practical presentation should look like. In the last pages of the essay you find a choreographic score which is both a documentation of the practice as well as a score to perform it. Working on the essay opens up new possibilties for further research on the importance of the tailbone and the pelvic floor in the dancing body. / <p>This master work includes both a performing and a written part. </p>
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Biaxial Mechanical Behavior of Swine Pelvic Floor Ligaments: Experiments and Modeling

Becker, Winston Reynolds 08 June 2014 (has links)
Although mechanical alterations to pelvic floor ligaments, such as the cardinal and uterosacral ligaments, are one contributing factor to the development and progression of pelvic floor disorders, very little research has examined their mechanical properties. In this study, the first biaxial elastic and viscoelastic tests were performed on uterosacral and cardinal ligament complexes harvested from adult female swine. Biaxial elastic testing revealed that the ligaments undergo large strains and are anisotropic. The direction normal to the upper vagina was typically stiffer than the transverse direction. Stress relaxation tests showed that the relaxation was the same in both directions, and that more relaxation occurred when the tissue was stretched to lower initial strains. In order to describe the experimental findings, a three-dimensional constitutive model based on the Pipkin-Rogers integral series was formulated and the parameters of such model were determined by fitting the model to the experimental data. In formulating the model, it was assumed that the tissues consist of a ground substance with two embedded families of fibers oriented in two directions and that the ligaments are incompressible. The model accounts for finite strains, anisotropy, and strain-dependent stress relaxation behavior. This study provides information about the mechanical behavior of female pelvic floor ligaments, which should be considered in the development of new treatment methods for pelvic floor disorders. / Master of Science
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Increasing elastin fibre production in a tissue engineered mesh for pelvic floor surgery

Osman, N., Roman, S., Sefat, Farshid, Bullock, A.J., Chapple, C.R. January 2014 (has links)
yes / Polypropylene mesh for pelvic floor surgery is associated with serious complications ( e.g. erosion). A biodegradable tissue engineered mesh composed of a polylactic acid (PLA) scaffold seeded with autologous cells is a promising alternative. However, thus far elastin content (important for elastic recoil) in this tissue has been low. We aimed to increase elastin expression and test the resultant tensile properties.

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