Esta dissertação de mestrado tem por objetivo problematizar como práticas religiosas das Igrejas Evangélicas Neopentecostais emergem no cotidiano como modos de governo da população juvenil empobrecida. Para tanto, parto do conceito de governamentalidade, elaborado por Michel Foucault a partir de seu curso “Segurança, Território e População” ministrado no Collège de France em 1978, o qual se refere à atualização e apropriação enquanto uma racionalidade de Estado na modernidade de técnicas arcaicas desenvolvidas e empregadas pela Igreja ocidental cristã ao longo da Idade Média como estratégia de condução da vida individual e coletiva. Com isso, governo passa a ser entendido como aquele conjunto de práticas postas em circulação quando da relação entre sujeitos entre si e instituições, que tem por objetivo conduzir e orientar sem cessar, para fins mais ou menos definidos, desejados e previsíveis, o modo pelo qual pessoas e instituições conduzem e tem suas vidas conduzidas. No primeiro capítulo busco dar visibilidade a alguns momentos das relações e tensões exercidas entre a Igreja e o Estado que ao longo do percurso histórico brasileiro têm contribuído para a produção de uma racionalidade de cuidado, proteção e governo em torno da população infanto-juvenil empobrecida. Esses momentos emergem na escrita a partir do exercício de rastreá-los quando ainda designavam um jogo de forças dentro de um campo problemático que através de discursos e mecanismos políticos e científicos articularam a instauração de determinados modos de conceber política e culturalmente esta problemática. No segundo capítulo busco suscitar algumas problematizações sobre como as Igrejas Neopentecostais, através de seus mecanismos e equipamentos de evangelização e integração da juventude, têm articulado e exercido práticas de cuidado, proteção, controle e investimento de jovens que participam de suas instituições e programas. Para isso, parto de alguns episódios das histórias de vida de quatro jovens que possuem em suas trajetórias a experiência de terem frequentado essas igrejas e seus projetos ofertados à juventude, para interrogar e discutir de que maneira e em que medida o discurso proferido pelas Igrejas Neopentecotais tem sido posto em circulação e participado como um elemento que compõe o modo como estes jovens conduzem suas vidas. / This dissertation aims to discuss how religious practices of neo-Pentecostal Evangelical Churches emerge in daily life as modes of government of the impoverished youth. For this, I begin with the concept of governmentality elaborated by Michel Foucault from its course "Security, Territory and Population" taught at the College de France in 1978, which refers to updating and ownership while a state of rationality in modern techniques archaic developed and employed by the Western Christian Church throughout the Middle Ages as driving strategy of individual and collective life. Thus, government becomes understood as that set of practices put into circulation when the relationship between each subject with other and institutions that aims to lead and guide incessantly, for purposes more or less defined, desired and predictable, the way in which people and institutions conduct and have conducted their lives. In the first chapter I seek to give visibility to a few moments of relations and tensions exerted between the Church and the State along the Brazilian historical background have contributed to the production of a caring rationality, protection and government around the child population impoverished. These moments emerge in writing from the exercise of track them while still designated a power play in a problematic field in speeches and political and scientific mechanisms articulated the establishment of certain ways of thinking politically and culturally this problem. The second chapter seek to raise some problematizations about how neo-Pentecostal churches, through its mechanisms and equipment evangelization and youth integration, have articulated and exercised care practices, protection, control and investment of youth who participate in its institutions and programs. For this, delivery of some episodes of the life stories of four young men who have on their trajectories the experience of having attended these churches and their projects offered to the youth, to question and discuss how and to what extent the speech given by the churches Neo-pentecotals It has been issued and participated as an element that makes up the way these young people lead their lives.

Esta dissertação de mestrado tem por objetivo problematizar como práticas religiosas das Igrejas Evangélicas Neopentecostais emergem no cotidiano como modos de governo da população juvenil empobrecida. Para tanto, parto do conceito de governamentalidade, elaborado por Michel Foucault a partir de seu curso “Segurança, Território e População” ministrado no Collège de France em 1978, o qual se refere à atualização e apropriação enquanto uma racionalidade de Estado na modernidade de técnicas arcaicas desenvolvidas e empregadas pela Igreja ocidental cristã ao longo da Idade Média como estratégia de condução da vida individual e coletiva. Com isso, governo passa a ser entendido como aquele conjunto de práticas postas em circulação quando da relação entre sujeitos entre si e instituições, que tem por objetivo conduzir e orientar sem cessar, para fins mais ou menos definidos, desejados e previsíveis, o modo pelo qual pessoas e instituições conduzem e tem suas vidas conduzidas. No primeiro capítulo busco dar visibilidade a alguns momentos das relações e tensões exercidas entre a Igreja e o Estado que ao longo do percurso histórico brasileiro têm contribuído para a produção de uma racionalidade de cuidado, proteção e governo em torno da população infanto-juvenil empobrecida. Esses momentos emergem na escrita a partir do exercício de rastreá-los quando ainda designavam um jogo de forças dentro de um campo problemático que através de discursos e mecanismos políticos e científicos articularam a instauração de determinados modos de conceber política e culturalmente esta problemática. No segundo capítulo busco suscitar algumas problematizações sobre como as Igrejas Neopentecostais, através de seus mecanismos e equipamentos de evangelização e integração da juventude, têm articulado e exercido práticas de cuidado, proteção, controle e investimento de jovens que participam de suas instituições e programas. Para isso, parto de alguns episódios das histórias de vida de quatro jovens que possuem em suas trajetórias a experiência de terem frequentado essas igrejas e seus projetos ofertados à juventude, para interrogar e discutir de que maneira e em que medida o discurso proferido pelas Igrejas Neopentecotais tem sido posto em circulação e participado como um elemento que compõe o modo como estes jovens conduzem suas vidas. / This dissertation aims to discuss how religious practices of neo-Pentecostal Evangelical Churches emerge in daily life as modes of government of the impoverished youth. For this, I begin with the concept of governmentality elaborated by Michel Foucault from its course "Security, Territory and Population" taught at the College de France in 1978, which refers to updating and ownership while a state of rationality in modern techniques archaic developed and employed by the Western Christian Church throughout the Middle Ages as driving strategy of individual and collective life. Thus, government becomes understood as that set of practices put into circulation when the relationship between each subject with other and institutions that aims to lead and guide incessantly, for purposes more or less defined, desired and predictable, the way in which people and institutions conduct and have conducted their lives. In the first chapter I seek to give visibility to a few moments of relations and tensions exerted between the Church and the State along the Brazilian historical background have contributed to the production of a caring rationality, protection and government around the child population impoverished. These moments emerge in writing from the exercise of track them while still designated a power play in a problematic field in speeches and political and scientific mechanisms articulated the establishment of certain ways of thinking politically and culturally this problem. The second chapter seek to raise some problematizations about how neo-Pentecostal churches, through its mechanisms and equipment evangelization and youth integration, have articulated and exercised care practices, protection, control and investment of youth who participate in its institutions and programs. For this, delivery of some episodes of the life stories of four young men who have on their trajectories the experience of having attended these churches and their projects offered to the youth, to question and discuss how and to what extent the speech given by the churches Neo-pentecotals It has been issued and participated as an element that makes up the way these young people lead their lives.

Similar to other countries in southern Africa, the relationship between African Spiritual Churches and New Pentecostal Churches in Botswana has been characterized by considerable tension and mutual distrust. Although both movements highlight the third person of the Trinity, the Spirit of God, their followers view the world around them very differently. This study has investigated the relationship between these two types of churches by focusing on their efforts to produce unique ideologies of spiritual power in relation to the two major ideologies in the Botswana context, namely the reified Setswana worldview and the globalizing forces of Western modernity. In order to provide a careful analysis of the relationship between these movements, two churches from each group were chosen as representatives. The Hermon Church and Revelation Blessed Peace Church served as examples for the African Spiritual Churches, while Goodnews Ministries and Bible Life Ministries were the New Pentecostal subjects. Primary research methods included interviews with church leadership, questionnaires for members of each church and participant observation. Church origins, biblical hermeneutics, healing and deliverance rituals, and approaches to cultures and covenants formed the key areas of study. Creating unique “worlds of the Spirit” by means of innovative tactics, both types of churches seek to enable their followers to live well as they produce their contextualized ideologies of power. However, even though both movements lay claim to the Spirit of God as their source of power, the distinctive ideologies emerging from their sermons, technologies, rituals and symbols have brought them into conflict with one another. For African Spiritual Churches, the Spirit of God meets people in the midst of life’s struggles, providing healing and wholeness in all relationships. Their willingness to adopt certain elements of the reified Setswana worldview is a major issue in the conflict with New Pentecostal Churches. For New Pentecostals, the Spirit breaks all covenants made in the past, and empowers “born again” believers to succeed in a modern environment filled with opportunities and challenges. The key missiological concern of this study is to explore the unique efforts of these movements to contextualize the gospel message for Botswana. / Church Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D.Th. (Missiology)

The Brazilian Neo-Pentecostal Movement has impressively spread throughout the country in the past two decades and significantly diversified the evangelical landscape in the nation. Churches affiliated with the movement comprise the fastest growing segment in Brazilian evangelicalism and their adherents make up an estimated forty-two percent of the Pentecostal camp. The Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus (IURD, Universal Church of the Kingdom of God) is the most well-known denomination to come out of the movement and possibly the largest contemporary missionary export from a third-world nation. Therefore, the missiological case analysis centers on the IURD to determine if it has actually facilitated or inhibited the successful evangelization of Brazilian society. Published documents by the Lausanne Committee for World Evangelization and evangelical scholars who are in general agreement with the Lausanne Movement provide sound criteria for the evangelical mission assessment. In the first chapter, I present preliminary details concerning Brazilian Neo-Pentecostalism and the IURD, the research question, a literature review, and rational for the project. The second chapter documents the development of Brazilian Pentecostalism from its inception to the 3 present third-wave movement. Chapter three surveys aspects of the IURD: its founder and principal leader, controversies and criticisms around the denomination, ecclesiastical organization, principal ministry outlet, primary message, and expansion. The fourth chapter explores factors that have facilitated the IURD‟s growth and integration in Brazilian society. The fifth chapter analyzes certain features of the IURD to determine if it has promoted or deterred the evangelization of Brazilian society; areas for consideration include soteriological tenets, certain aspects related to worldview, fellowship dynamics, the importance of financial giving, and societal interaction. The last chapter recaps the thesis‟ content, summarizes a response to the research question, and elaborates on the implications that the findings mean for evangelical mission. Through the contents herein, mission researchers and the global church can better comprehend the IURD‟s complexity, teachings, strategies, and practices and begin to understand its impact on evangelical mission. Furthermore, pastors and parishioners can effectively serve potential, current, and former adherents of the IURD and similar churches. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D.Th. (Missiology)

The Scriptures, as found in the Old and New Testaments, are foundational to a genuine Christian spirituality. Among the different existing approaches to spirituality, the evangelical and charismatic churches in South Africa today need to rediscover a distinctive biblical approach to spirituality for themselves in order to facilitate the discipleship of their own members. A holistic biblical spirituality can also serve society in practical ways and challenge the perceptions and practices of a South African society which is seeking to advance without religious foundations. / Philosophy and Systematic Theology / M.Th. (Christian Spirituality)

The Pentecostal and Neo-Pentecostal movements propose a subsequent to salvation Spirit baptism. This baptism is viewed as an experience in which the Spirit either confers or awakens gifts within the life of the believer. The thesis ofthis paper is that Spirit baptism occurs at conversion. Spirit filling on the other hand is one of many metaphors to describe the work of the eschatological Spirit subsequent to salvation. This distinguishing of Spirit baptism and Spirit filling is different to the Pentecostal and Neo-Pentecostal idea that Spirit baptism and Spirit filling are synonymous experiences that occur at some point subsequent to salvation. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / Th. M. (Systematic Theology)

Text in German / Summary in German and English / Die vorliegende Studie untersucht den missionarischen Gemeindeaufbau in kleinen Gemeinden anhand von acht Interviews mit Pastoren kleiner Pfingstgemeinden, welche anhand der Methode von Grounded Theory und Teilen der SWOT-Analyse ausgewertet wurden. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Diskussion um den missionarischen Gemeindeaufbau in kleinen Gemeinden anzuregen, wie auch das Potenzial kleiner Gemeinden sichtbar zu machen. Nach einer thematischen Einführung entlang eines historischen Überblicks über die Paradigmen der Weltmission und der Beleuchtung der aktuellen Diskussion um den missionarischen Gemeindeaufbau, wird nach einer kurzen Einführung der Methoden auf die Resultate der Auswertung der Interviews eingegangen. Danach werden diese anhand von SWOT analysiert. Die daraus resultierenden Strategievorschläge werden dann abschliessend ins Gespräch mit der behandelten Literatur gebracht. / The present essay investigates the missionary church building of small churches by means of eight interviews with ministers of small pentecostal churches evaluated by the method of Grounded Theory and parts of the SWOT analysis. The aim of this essay is to stimulate the discussion about the missionary church building in small churches as well as make appear the potential of small churches. A thematic introduction along with a historical survey over the paradigm of the world-wide mission and examining the current discussion about the missionary church building of the church is followed by a short introduction of the methods. Then the results of the interview evaluations are entered in and analysed by SWOT. Finally the conclusions of the strategic suggestions are brought under dialogue with the literature that has been dealt with. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M.Th. (Missiology)

Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2008. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa is a country in transition, and continues to develop new systems expected to positively shift the social and economic lives of 48 million people. Every sector of society is focussed on people’s upliftment. Corporations in South Africa have Corporate Social Investment (CSI) programmes as their contribution toward this goal. The Pentecostal/Charismatic Church is the fastest growing Christian denomination in the world, certainly even in Africa. Churches’ also have a responsibility to society’s upliftment, and since the Pentecostal/Charismatic church aspires to corporate principles this thesis explores the response of the Indian Pentecostal/Charismatic Church to social, economic and environmental issues of local and global magnitude. The theoretical framework proposes that a theology for social change in South Africa must be traced from the foundation of a theology of liberation from racial oppression, which is found in the Kairos Document; and combines this with CSI principles to present a composite framework for analysis. The study uses qualitative methodologies of loosely structured interviews and a focus group discussion with Pentecostal/Charismatic pastors from the Phoenix community, north of Durban. The findings suggest that the Indian Pentecostal/Charismatic Church i) has divergent viewpoints on what constitutes social responsibility, ii) does not have a set of guiding principles for funding social programmes, and iii) does not have a discernable liberation theology, which is a real challenge facing the Church as this study argues that is a core reason for the Churches’ inability to deal with social justice or sustainability issues effectively. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika is ‘n land in ‘n oorgangsfase, en is in die proses om nuwe sisteme te ontwikkel wat benodig word om ‘n positiewe verandering te bewerkstellig in die sosiale en ekonomiese lewensfasette van 48 miljoen mense. Bykans elke sektor van die samelewing is dan ook tans gefokus op die opheffing van mense. Om hierdie doelwit te bereik, en om by te dra tot sodanige opheffing, het korporasies in Suid-Afrika Korporatiewe Sosiale Beleggings (KSB) Programme. Die Pinkster / Charismatiese Kerk is die denominasie wat wêreldwyd, veral ook in Afrika, die meeste veld wen. Kerke het ook ‘n verantwoordelikheid ten opsigte van sosiale opheffing, en aangesien die Pinkster / Charismatiese Kerk daarna strewe om korporatiewe beginsels toe te pas, ondersoek hierdie tesis die reaksie van die Indiese Pinkster / Charismatiese Kerk teenoor wêreldwye sosiale-, ekonomiese en omgewingsfaktore. Die teoretiese raamwerk suggereer dat ‘n teologie vir sosiale verandering in Suid-Afrika gebaseer moet word op ‘n teologie van bevryding van rasgebaseerde onderdrukking, wat te vinde is in die Kairos Dokument; en kombineer dit met Korporatiewe Sosiale Beleggings (KSB) beginsels om ‘n saamgestelde analiserings-raamwerk voor te hou. Die studie maak gebruik van kwalitatiewe metodes, naamlik los-gestruktureerde onderhoude asook die besprekings van ‘n fokusgroep wat gehou is tussen Pinkster / Charismatiese pastore / predikante in die Phoenix gemeenskap, noord van Durban. Die bevindinge suggereer dat die Indiese Pinkster / Charismatiese Kerk: i) uiteenlopende menings het oor wat presies sosiale opheffing is; ii) nie ‘n stel grondbeginsels rakende die befondsing van sosiale opheffingsprogramme het nie; en iii) nie ‘n duidelike bevrydingsteologie aanhang nie, welke feit ‘n groot uitdaging aan die Kerk bied, aangesien hierdie studie die standpunt inneem dat dit ‘n fundamentele rede is waarom die Kerk nie in staat is om aangeleenthede van sosiale geregtigheid en volhoubaarheid effektief aan te spreek nie.

The Brazilian Neo-Pentecostal Movement has impressively spread throughout the country in the past two decades and significantly diversified the evangelical landscape in the nation. Churches affiliated with the movement comprise the fastest growing segment in Brazilian evangelicalism and their adherents make up an estimated forty-two percent of the Pentecostal camp. The Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus (IURD, Universal Church of the Kingdom of God) is the most well-known denomination to come out of the movement and possibly the largest contemporary missionary export from a third-world nation. Therefore, the missiological case analysis centers on the IURD to determine if it has actually facilitated or inhibited the successful evangelization of Brazilian society. Published documents by the Lausanne Committee for World Evangelization and evangelical scholars who are in general agreement with the Lausanne Movement provide sound criteria for the evangelical mission assessment. In the first chapter, I present preliminary details concerning Brazilian Neo-Pentecostalism and the IURD, the research question, a literature review, and rational for the project. The second chapter documents the development of Brazilian Pentecostalism from its inception to the 3 present third-wave movement. Chapter three surveys aspects of the IURD: its founder and principal leader, controversies and criticisms around the denomination, ecclesiastical organization, principal ministry outlet, primary message, and expansion. The fourth chapter explores factors that have facilitated the IURD‟s growth and integration in Brazilian society. The fifth chapter analyzes certain features of the IURD to determine if it has promoted or deterred the evangelization of Brazilian society; areas for consideration include soteriological tenets, certain aspects related to worldview, fellowship dynamics, the importance of financial giving, and societal interaction. The last chapter recaps the thesis‟ content, summarizes a response to the research question, and elaborates on the implications that the findings mean for evangelical mission. Through the contents herein, mission researchers and the global church can better comprehend the IURD‟s complexity, teachings, strategies, and practices and begin to understand its impact on evangelical mission. Furthermore, pastors and parishioners can effectively serve potential, current, and former adherents of the IURD and similar churches. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D.Th. (Missiology)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Birmingham, 1989. / Includes bibliographical references ((p. [279]-305)) and index.