A cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (CMH) é a principal cardiopatia dos felinos, caracterizada por hipertrofia ventricular esquerda, sem dilatação. A prevalência em humanos é de um a cada 500 indivíduos e, em pelo menos 60% dos casos, a doença é de origem familial. Há mais de 1400 mutações em mais de 11 genes que codificam proteínas do sarcômero relacionadas à CMH. Em algumas famílias de gatos, a CMH é transmitida de forma autossômica dominante sendo muito similar à humana. No Maine Coon, redução na miomesina e mutação no gene que codifica a proteína C miosina ligante (MYBPC3) são alterações encontradas nos acometidos pela CMH. No Ragdoll, a CMH está relacionada com mutação no mesmo gene, porém em um códon diferente e altamente conservado na espécie. Em outras raças como Persa, British Shorthair, Norwegian Forest também há evidências da CMH familial, porém não há comprovação do tipo de herança envolvida. No presente estudo, uma população de 100 gatos da raça Persa foi avaliada por meio de exames ecocardiográfico, eletrocardiográfico, laboratoriais, mesuração da pressão arterial e pesquisa da mutação relacionada à doença renal policística (PKD), prevalente em gatis de Persas. Os animais foram classificados quanto à presença ou não da CMH e, após seleção dos grupos experimentais (20 gatos sem CMH e 22 gatos com CMH), amostras de sangue foram submetidas à extração do DNA, genotipagem pela técnica de PCR e sequenciamento dos genes da alfa-actina cardíaca (exon 5 do gene ACTC1) e da proteína C miosina ligante (exon 27 do gene MYBPC3), com posterior correlação das mutações com a presença da afecção. À avaliação da população total, a CMH foi mais prevalente em gatos machos e de maior faixa etária; ocorreu em 22 animais; e a forma assimétrica com hipertrofia miocárdica em região septal basal foi a mais comum na raça. A presença de mutação relacionda à PKD foi mais comum nos gatos com hipertrofia ventricular, apesar dos mesmos apresentarem pressão arterial e função renal normais. Foi identificado um polimorfismo de nucleotídeo único (SNP) na posição 890 do exon 5 do gene ACTC1 e três SNP no intron 5-6 do mesmo gene. Nenhum polimorfismo, adição ou deleção foi observado em outras regiões do gene ACTC1 ou no gene MYBPC3. Apesar dos SNP observados no estudo, os mesmos não se enquadram nos critérios de mutação causal da CMH porque não provocam mudança em aminoácidos e não ocorreram exclusivamente em animais com CMH. Desta forma, a mutação causal da CMH em gatos da raça Persa não foi elucidada e mutações nestes dois exons de genes cardíacos não parecem ser a causa da cardiomiopatia na referida raça. Avaliações de genes cardíacos adicionais são necessárias para a identificação da causa molecular desta cardiopatia no Persa. Em relação aos resultados encontrados nos gatos PKD positivos, há necessidade de mais estudos para avaliar a relação causal (PKD e hipertrofia) ou associação genética entre ambas. Faz-se necessária a avaliação cardiológica de gatos PKD positivos, bem como é necessário incluir a PDK como diagnóstico diferencial da CMH no Persa. / Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most important feline heart disease and it is characterized by ventricular hypertrophy in absence of dilated left ventricle. In humans, the prevalence is 1 to 500 individuals and the familial HCM occurs in at least 60% of cases. There are more than 1400 mutations in more than 11 sarcomeres genes related to HCM. In some families of cats, HCM is an autosomal dominant genetic disease very similar to the human HCM. Reduction in miomesine and a mutation in myosin binding protein C gene (MYBPC3) are observed in Maine Coon cats with HCM. In Ragdoll cats, HCM is associated with a mutation in the same gene, but in a different codon highly conserved in feline species. In other breeds such as Persian, British Shorthair and Norwegian Forest there is also evidence of familial HCM, but the type of genetic inheritance is unknown. In this study, a population of 100 Persian cats was assessed by: echocardiography, electrocardiography, laboratorial tests, blood pressure determination and genetic test for the presence of the polycystic kidney disease (PKD) mutation, common in Persians. The animals were classified according to the presence or not of HCM. Blood samples from experimental groups (20 cats without HCM and 22 cats with HCM) were subjected to DNA extraction, genotyping by PCR and sequencing of cardiac alpha-actin gene (exon 5 of ACTC1) and myosin binding protein C gene (exon 27 of MYBPC3) with subsequent correlation with the presence of mutations and HCM. In the evaluated population, HCM was more prevalent in older and male cats; it occurred in 22 animals; and the asymmetric hypertrophy at basal region of septum was the most common. The PKD mutation was more common in cats with left ventricular hypertrophy, despite they presenting normal blood pressure and renal function. One single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position 890 of exon 5 of the gene ACTC1 and three SNP in intron 5-6 of the same gene were identified. No polymorphism, addition or deletion was observed in other regions of the gene ACTC1 or MYBPC3 gene. Despite the SNP observed in the study, they do not fit the criteria of HCM causal mutation because they do not cause changes in amino acids and do not occurred exclusively in animals with HCM. Thus, a causal mutation of HCM in Persians cat has not been elucidated and mutations in these two exons of cardiac genes do not seem to be the cause of HCM in this breed. Additional screening of cardiac genes is necessary to identify the molecular cause of this feline disease in Persian cats. Regarding the results founded in PKD positive cats, it is important for further studies to evaluate the genetic association or causal relationship (PKD and hypertrophy). The cardiologic evaluation of PKD positive cats is necessary, and the PDK must be included as a differential diagnosis of HCM in Persian.

Essa tese tem por objetivo analisar as percepções gregas do Império Persa Aquemênida e outros impérios orientais enquanto entidades políticas, com ênfase sobre o olhar remoto de Heródoto. Em primeiro lugar, o autor resume o estado da pesquisa acadêmica sobre as Histórias de Heródoto e sobre as atitudes gregas em relação à Pérsia, num esforço de esclarecer a complexidade das relações greco-persas, que, de acordo com a pesquisa mais recente, não eram apenas hostis, mas repletas de receptividade. A seguir, o autor examina as ideias persa e assíria de império, bem como suas organizações imperiais concretas. Analisa-se demoradamente a iconografia real persa e conceitos políticos tais quais bumi- e xaça-, concluindo-se que estes poderiam veicular uma ideia inovadora de império, embora profundamente enraizada em tradições mesopotâmicas anteriores. Descreve-se a maneira como as fontes clássicas nomearam o império ao longo do tempo, com atenção particular à formulação de autores mais antigos como Heródoto, Ésquilo e Tucídides. O autor se esforça para explicar em cada caso o uso de hgemonía, arch e até mesmo pólis para designar o Império Persa. Por fim, o autor examina a terminologia de Heródoto usada para designar o Império Aquemênida e como ela demonstra uma estratégia de alusões e ressonâncias com implicações críticas quanto à política expansionista de Atenas. Propõe-se que Atenas incorporou as ideias persas de império, enquanto, paradoxalmente, denunciava sua violência e tirania internacional. Essa postura contraditória teve seus impactos sobre historiadores como Heródoto e Tucídides e é uma chave interpretativa instrutiva para as Histórias. / This thesis aims to analyze Greek perceptions of the Achaemenid Persian Empire and other Near Eastern empires taken as political entities, emphasizing the early look of Herodotus. The author first summarizes the state of scholarly research on Herodotus Histories and Greek attitudes towards Persia in an effort to clarify the complexity of Greco-Persian relations, which, according to the most recent research, were not only hostile, but also full of receptivity. The author examines next Assyrian and Persian ideas of empire and their concrete imperial organizations. One analyzes at length Persian royal iconography and political concepts such as bumi- and xaça-, concluding that these could convey an innovative idea of empire, albeit deeply rooted in older Mesopotamian traditions. One describes the way classical sources named the empire over time, with particular attention to the wording of early authors such as Herodotus, Aeschylus, and Thucydides. The author strives to explain in each case the use of hgemonía, arch, and even pólis to designate the Persian Empire. Finally, the author examines Herodotus terminology to name the Achaemenid Empire and how it conveys a strategy of allusions and resonances with critical overtones towards Athenian expansive policy. One proposes that Athens paradoxically incorporated Persian ideas of empire, while publicly denouncing Persian violence and international tyranny. This contradictory stance had its impacts over historians such as Herodotus and Thucydides and it is an instructive interpretative key to the Histories.

This dissertation considers Aeschylus’ Persae and portions of Herodotus’ Histories as attempts to shape memories of the Greco-Persian Wars by invocation of material evidence at very different moments in the fifth century BCE. Given the literary and archaeological nature of our surviving Greek evidence, this consideration is a necessary part of the larger project towards which I work: a history of Persian interactions with Greek sanctuaries during the Greco-Persian Wars. Greek archaeological evidence offers one set of comparative perspectives on these interactions. I attempt to place Aeschylus and Herodotus in dialogue with this evidence in chapters two and three. Herodotus, unlike Aeschylus, depicts respectful Achaemenid behavior at Greek sanctuaries during the Greco-Persian Wars. To contextualize this depiction, I examine earlier sources from the western Achaemenid Empire in chapter four. In so doing, I build on methodology demonstrated in the introductory chapter to consider a second set of comparative perspectives. Close reading of Herodotus in parallel to these sources provides a basis for fully examining types of behavior which have often been explained away in previous scholarship on the historian. Notably, Herodotus’ depiction, unlike our surviving earlier sources from the western Achaemenid Empire, often considers how such behavior relates to more violent aspects of conquest, and as such provides a contrast to these surviving earlier sources. I suggest that this contrast—Herodotus’ depiction of both sacrilege and respectful behavior—can be understood in his historical moment. And yet this suggestion is but a beginning.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o papel do estreito de Ormuz nas dinâmicas de competição no Golfo Pérsico. Ormuz é um estreito geograficamente estratégico, uma vez que é a única via marítima entre o Golfo Pérsico, o Golfo de Omã e o Oceano Índico e encontra-se em uma área rica em hidrocarbonetos. Em vista disso, o primeiro capítulo busca analisar o conceito e as características que qualificam a relevância que alguns estreitos possuem para o Sistema Internacional, caracterizando-os como Pontos de Estrangulamento e, nesse sentido, averiguar as razões que definem o estreito de Ormuz como o principal ponto de estrangulamento marítimo no mundo. Já o segundo capítulo tem como foco o estudo da Competição Estratégica, estabelecida entre Estados Unidos e Irã (2003-2013), que somente tornou-se possível graças às características de Ormuz (e, à assimetria de capacidades). Por fim, o terceiro capítulo procura averiguar o papel do estreito na escalada das rivalidades entre Arábia Saudita e Irã que deflagram a Guerra Proxy, e o seu transbordamento para outros pontos de estrangulamento do Oriente Médio. Espera-se como resultado oferecer uma melhor contextualização e compreensão sobre o tema de Ormuz em particular, bem como dos pontos de estrangulamento, contribuindo dessa forma para a instrumentalização dessas categorias no estudo das Relações Internacionais contemporâneas. / This study aims to analyze the Strait of Hormuz role in the competition dynamics in the Persian Gulf. Hormuz is a strait geographically strategic, since it is the only maritime way between the Persian Gulf, the Gulf of Oman and the Indian Ocean and is located in an area rich in hydrocarbons. In view of this, the first chapter analyzes the concept and characteristics that qualify the relevance of some straits to the International System, characterizing them as Choke points and, accordingly, find out the reasons that define the Strait of Hormuz as the main maritime choke point in the world. The second chapter focuses on the study of the Strategic Competition, established between the United States and Iran (2003-2013), which only became possible because of the characteristics of Hormuz (and because of capacity asymmetry). Finally, the third chapter seeks to ascertain the strait role in escalating rivalries between Saudi Arabia and Iran that trigger the Proxy War and its spillover to other bottlenecks in the Middle East. It is expected as a result provide better context and understanding of Hormuz particular theme and bottlenecks, thus contributing to the exploitation of these categories in the study of contemporary international relations.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 280-296).

In this study I draw on ethnographic research conducted from May 2009 to March 2010 to examine how diasporic and second-generation Iranians in Atlanta produce culture through their dinner parties. It is through these parties, I suggest, that representations of what it means to be Iranian and live in the United States are collectively negotiated as well as handed down to younger generations.

<p>The first-person Hebrew narrative of the Persian courtier sent to be governor of Judah, the "Nehemiah Memorial" (or NM: Neh 1-2:20; 3:33-7:3; 13:4-31), is a crucial text for understanding how elements within ancient Judaism conceived of their relationship to the Persian Achaemenid Empire, which ruled over Judah from the 6th to the 4th centuries BCE. This dissertation investigates NM via the issue of genre. Scholarship on NM in recent years has reached an impasse on this topic, suggesting that NM resists identification with any one genre. Newer developments in genre theory, however, offer resources for understanding genre not simply as a classificatory matter but also as a malleable relationship between writers and readers that can be exploited for rhetorical effect. NM makes use of two main genres: a "foreign court narrative" (cf. Daniel, Esther, and the Joseph narrative) slowly transforms into a biographical inscription or "official memorial", a genre attested throughout the ancient Near East. The subtle combination of these different genres suggests that Nehemiah's pious advocacy for his people and his city carries over from his role as Judean courtier before the Persian king to his role as governor over the Persian province of Judah. It also, however, ultimately underscores the ideological incompatibility of these genres, just as the goals of the subversive courtier at the mercy of the Persian king are at odds with the goals of the governor representing that king. Early readers of NM responded to these contradictions. A literary investigation of Ezra-Nehemiah reveals that editors of that book incorporated Nehemiah's story, but subtly corrected it, whether by reframing his actions in terms of the work of community as a whole and the Torah (Neh 10, Neh 12:44-13:3) or by contrasting him to the superior reformer Ezra (Ezra 7-10). The book of Ezra-Nehemiah thus mutes the signals sent by NM's use of genre indicating that the authority for Nehemiah's reforms, which were essential to Jerusalem's restoration, derived not from Israelite tradition or from the will of the people, but from the power of Judah's imperial masters.</p> / Dissertation

Sayyid Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani was a prominent pan-Islamist of the nineteenth century. His appeal of Muslim unity as a common front against the West and call for a regeneration of Islamic societies opened up the way for a new type of politics in Muslim lands and constituted a model for the Islamist discourse. This study examines his stay in Istanbul as a guest of the Ottoman Sultan, Abdulhamid II, between 1892-1897. The rule of Abdulhamid involved policies centered around the Caliphate. His enthronement coincided with the dramatic changes of the period 1876-1882. Under the external and domestic circumstances of the era Abdulhamid developed his own Islamism with pan-Islamic overtones. His ideology was primarily intended to ensure the integrity of the Empire. Its external aspect involved pan-Islamic appeals to Muslims outside the Empire as an intended weapon against Western powers. In this study, the stay of Afghani in Istanbul is analyzed with respect to the background of Hamidian (pan-)Islamism and Afghani

Thesis--School of Advanced Airpower Studies, Maxwell Air Force Base, Ala., 1995-96. / Title from title screen (viewed Oct. 28, 2003). "March 1998." Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--School of Advanced Airpower Studies, Maxwell Air Force Base, Ala., 1991-92. / Title from title screen (viewed Oct. 28, 2003). "June 1993." Includes bibliographical references.