Dans la théorie socioconstructiviste de Vygotski (1985), la prise en compte de l’élève, de ses connaissances et de sa culture est un incontournable pour l’apprentissage et le développement. Ce travail de recherche s’intéresse à l’analyse de l’activité des élèves de première année de lycée, c’est un âge critique pour le développement de la personnalité de l’adolescent pour ce qui concerne le raisonnement mathématique. Le choix du sujet vient de la réforme du système éducatif saoudien, et de son projet pour développer les mathématiques à l’école. Dans cette approche socioconstructiviste, nous avons décidé d’aller au plus près des apprentissages, sur le terrain et aussi hors du système saoudien, pour voir ce que se passe ailleurs, quelle est la place laissée aux jeunes élèves. Nous avons ainsi observé, analysé et discuter les interactions entre les élèves et les professeurs de trois classes de mathématiques en France et en Arabie Saoudite. Dans les démarches suivies dans une configuration en îlots, nous nous rendons compte que ce n’est pas seulement une organisation en îlots qui permet de donner la parole aux jeunes élèves. Les échanges à partir de la réponse à une question, entre le professeur et les élèves étaient faibles. Dans cette étude de thèse, nous nous voyons donner le parole aux jeunes élèves dans deux dispositifs différent ; le focus groupe et l’ACG (l’autoconfrontation de groupe de jeunes), que nous avons développé dans nos analyses. L’approche innovante (ACG) donne la parole aux jeunes dans un dynamique socioconstructiviste est celle que nous cherchons à transférer vers l’Arabie Saoudite. Les résultats montrent que les deux dispositifs sont riches en potentialité, à la fois riches parce que cela redonne confiance en soi aux élèves, et aussi parce que l’estime de soi est revalorisée. Nous relevons également que ces dispositifs ont permis une évolution des pratiques pédagogiques des enseignants. / In the social constructivist theory of Vygotsky (1985), taking into account the student, his knowledge and its culture is a must for learning and development. This research focuses on the analysis of the activity of the students of first year of high school, the critical age for the development of the adolescent's personality with regard to mathematical reasoning. The choice of subject is come from the reform of the Saudi educational system, and its project to develop mathematics in school. In this socio-constructivist approach, we decided to go closer to learning, field and also off the Saudi system, to see what is happening elsewhere, what is instead left to the young students. We observed, analyzed and discussed the interaction between students and teachers from three math classes in France and Saudi Arabia. In the approaches used in islet configuration, we realize that this is not just an organization in islet that can give voice to young students. The exchanges from the answer to a question, between the teacher and the students were low. In this thesis, we see give voice to young students in two different devices; focus group of l’ACG « l’autoconfrontation de groupe de jeunes », (the youth group of self-confrontation) that we have developed in our analyzes. The innovative approach (ACG) gives voice to young people in a social constructivist dynamics is that we seek to move to Saudi Arabia. The results show that the two devices are rich in potential, both rich because it gives confidence to students, and also because self-esteem is revalued. We also note that these devices have allowed an evolution of teaching practices.

The mother-child relationship is the first basic relationship with which any human being is confronted. The temperaments of mother and child play an important role in this relationship. The aim of this study is to explore the perception of mothers with regards to temperaments. This study uses a qualitative approach, which is explorative and descriptive, to gain insight into the influence of temperaments in the mother-child relationship. Seven mothers were selected by purposeful sampling to participate in the group work as research process. Group work progresses through the following three phases: awareness, exploration and personalisation. Naive sketches were used to determine the perception of the mothers during the awareness and personalisation phases. A focus group interview was utilised in the exploration phase. Finding showed that the mother-child relationship plays an important role in the optimal development of the child and his or her mother. This study confirmed the importance of understanding temperaments in the mother-child relationship. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Specialisation in Guidance & Counseling)

Educational Studies / M. Ed.

Summaries in English and Afrikaans / Every year, a significant number of children are being traumatized by the divorce of their parents. The aim of this study was to provide a guideline for Gestalt play therapists to enhance the resilience of children in middle childhood who have been traumatized by the divorce of their parents. To achieve this goal, the researcher made use of both the qualitative and the quantitative method of data collection. Data were collected by means of a literature study, four case studies, a semistructured interview and two questionares. The integration of the data collected through the empirical investigation enabled the researcher to compile a guideline to assist Gestalt play therapists in enhancing the resilience of children in middle childhood, traumatized by the divorce of their parents. By utilizing this guideline, Gestalt play therapists can assist children to overcome the damaging effects of the divorce. Simultaneously, the children are being empowered with skills enabling them to successfully deal with future setbacks. / 'n Beduidende aantal kinders word jaarliks getraumatiseer weens die egskeiding van hul ouers. Die doel vir die studie was om 'n riglyn vir Gestaltspelterapeute saam te stel waarvolgens die emosionele veerkragtigheid van die egskeidingsgetraumatiseerde kind in die middelkinderjare bevorder kan word. Ten einde bogenoemde doel te bereik het die navorser inligting ingesamel aan die hand van sowel die kwalitatiewe as die kwantitatiewe benadering. Inligting is ingesamel deur middel van 'n literatuurstudie, vier gevallestudies, 'n semigestruktureerde onderhoud en twee vraelyste. Vanuit die prosessering en integrering van bevindinge tydens die empiriese ondersoek verkry, is 'n riglyn vir Gestaltspelterapeute saamgestel. Deur die riglyn te benut kan Gestaltspelterapeute egskeidingsgetraumatiseerde kinders help om die skadelike uitwerking van egskeiding te oorkom. Tegelyk word die kinders ook met vaardighede bemagtig wat hulle toerus om toekomstige teleurstelling, teenspoed en trauma effektief te hanteer. / Social Work / M. Diac. (Play Therapy)

Summary in English / Text in Afrikaans / Awareness of and interest in the incidence of sexual child abuse has been increasing. The current prominence of this phenomenon in south Africa, . is evidenced by reports in the printed and electronic media. A study of the prehistoric era, ancient civilizations, the Middle Ages and the Renaissance and later shows that children have been sexua·lly abused throughout all ages. Yet, the sexual abuse of children is incompatible with the values and goals of authentic nurturing. i • Child sexuality can never ~e equated w1.th adult I sexuality. The child lacks the emotional~ mental, intellectual and physical capabilities to manage sexual contact with an adult person. He/ she is therefore not in a position to agree to intimate intercourse. This research project mainly focused on the relationship between the identification of and aid to the sexually abused child, and the personality functioning of adults who were sexually abused as children. An ontological-antropological approach to childhood has shown that the sexually abused child has the right to the school guidance teacher's respect for his dignity as child and a need for a response to his pain and yearning. The sexually abused child is situated in a distinctive lifeworld and sexual abuse has affective, social and physical consequences. Social relations are negatively affected and some children show self-destructive behavior. The establishment of an authentic and stable sexual identity is especially threatened. Children should be educated to resist the sexual advances of adults, while sexually abused children should be provided with adequate aid. Educators (guidance teachers) should therefore have the necessary guidelines at their disposal for the prevention and treatment of sexual child abuse. / Psychology of Education / D.Ed. (Psychology of Education)

The thesis, The Benefits of Experiential Pedagogy for Personal Individual Development, deals with an importance of experiential educational courses and activities for personal development of adults. The thesis is focused on a description of circumstances that accompany actual fields of experiential educating. It emphases the impact and pedagogical benefit for an individual. The work research aim is to definite fields of personal development where the experiential pedagogy can prepare suitable training setting. The researching part of the work introduces a review of the most important fields of personal development that were acquired by individuals after passing the experiential program.

The aim of this thesis is mapping the protective factor problems of pupils of the 6th to 9th grades and their meaning. It follows mostly social support, resiliency and self-efficacy as an important protective factors. It also defines protective and risk factors. The thesis focuses on the influence of different protective factors on the life style and well-being of the secondary degree of a primary school in the context of child development, with the emphasis on perception of social support from parents, teachers and classmates, using the standardized research CASSS-CZ.

This thesis is dedicated to the possibilities of using elements of drama education while working with persons with a mild intellectual disability. The theoretical part begins with characteristics of intellectual disability, with a specific focus on psychic processes and personality structure of individuals with a light degree of intellectual disability. Besides containing pedagogical-psychological groundwork, which clarifies the essence and meaning of drama activities in the educational processes of persons with impaired intellectual abilities, the text introduces principles of indirect drama-educational work and performance of drama activities. It also describes some methods and techniques of drama education, which reflect the potential and abilities of individuals with intellectual disabilities. The practical part includes a proposal for a project based on literary sources, and mainly oriented at the personality and social development of the target group.

Master's thesis deals with the stress applied to the employee in a work process in the company ABC, Ltd. It focuses on the factors that cause stress. It examines its manifestations and effects on health and work performance of employees. The theoretical part includes an overview of this issue. The practical part is analytical, processing questionnaires students - future employees and current employees. Visions of students at secondary and university level of stress that occurs in the process, are compared to the fact how stress manifests itself directly to employees in working conditions. The conclusion presents proposals to reduce or eliminate stress and increase resilience against him.

This work is focused on the point of the secondary school youth attitude on the issue of the rational nutrition. Using the questionnaire investigation that is divided into several research areas I am trying to prove or disconfirm the existence of the mutual relationship between the branch of study and the preferences of healthy nutrition and healthy lifestyle for youth. My thesis deals with the question of a provable relationship in knowledge achieved in the field of healthy nutrition and healthy lifestyle and the branch of study. The main findings revealed the unsatisfactory knowledge in matters of healthy nutrition and a healthy lifestyle. The family does not pay sufficient attention to rational nutrition and youth isn't very careful about a regular diet. Students very often don't have breakfast and they replace lunch mostly by cold snack of inadequate composition that is mostly bought in school canteens. Fruit, vegetables and dairy products are consumed by secondary school students in small amounts and irregularly. Only quite exceptionally they attend school dining-room to get warm and energetically efficient and biologically balanced lunch. Drinking regime is mostly insufficient and is made up of the inappropriate drinks, most often the sweet lemonade, coffee and energy drinks. Secondary school...