Orientador: Paulo Henrique Martinez / Banca: Wilton Carlos Lima da Silva / Banca: Enezila de Lima / Resumo: As realidades políticas e sociais são determinantes na explicação da prevalência de modelos de caridade e assistência em detrimento de outros. No Reino Português o sistema assistencial acompanhou a evolução do modelo europeu, estruturado nos valores do Cristianismo, em que couberam à comunidade as respostas para os problemas sociais. Com base na filosofia das Luzes, além de questões de cunho técnico-científico em busca do progresso econômico, ou com a garantia das fronteiras territoriais, nota-se após a transferência da Corte para o Brasil, e principalmente após a Independência, um despertar para a realidade social brasileira, em que ação do Estado na intervenção na questão assistencial esteve ligada não só à preocupação de que esse cuidado não caísse sobre si, mas também à política de manutenção da ordem tradicional. Pensando nisso, essa pesquisa procurou conhecer o comportamento do Estado monárquico constitucional brasileiro diante dos .socorros públicos. no momento da organização de suas bases jurídicas e administrativas. As principais fontes que a fundamentaram foram as Leis e Decisões de Governo do Império do Brasil de 1822 a 1834, cuja análise permitiu dimensionar as mudanças na concepção das obrigações do Estado e o discurso que ele próprio produzia de si, tornando explícita a estreita relação entre pobreza, desordem, trabalho e o desenvolvimento de uma moral, logo, a intimidade da questão da assistência com os interesses do Estado. / Abstract: Political and social realities are determining factors in the explanation of the predominance of certain charity and social assistance models. In the Portuguese Kingdom the social assistance system followed the evolution of the European model, based on Christian values, in which the community was in charge of responding to social problems. Based on the Enlightment philosophy, apart from technical scientific issues in search of economic progress or guarantees for territorial frontiers, after the transfer of the Royal Court to Brazil and especially after Independence, an awakening is observed as to Brazil.s social reality, in which State agency in social assistance issues was tied not only to the preoccupation that such care would not be devolved to the State itself but also to the policy of maintaining traditional order. With such in mind, this research seeks to reveal the behavior of the Brazilian Constitutional Monarchy as to public social aid at the moment of organizing her legal and administrative foundations. The main sources that grounded these were the Leis e Decisões de Governo do Império do Brasil de 1822 a 1834 (Laws and Decisions of the Government of the Empire of Brazil from 1822 to 1832), the analysis of which enabled dimensioning the changes in the conception of the State.s responsibilities and the discourse it produced on itself, revealing the tight relation between poverty, disorder, work and the development of a moral, therefore, between the intimacy of the social assistance issue and the concerns of the State. / Mestre

Os ricos declaram ter uma preocupação moral com a pobreza e com a desigualdade social. Uma das formas centrais de se dirigir a essas questões é a prática filantrópica que protagonizam. Este estudo trata das filantropias de elite, no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos, nas suas vertentes do chamado filantrocapitalismo e da filantropia progressista e/ou de justiça social. Enquanto o filantrocapitalismo tenta universalizar o humano, identificar e expandir suas categorias morais financiando apenas projetos próprios e/ou a serem implementados por empresas parceiras e seus pares de negócios, a filantropia que se diz progressista ou de justiça social busca financiar ativistas e movimentos sociais. Ambas se cruzam na articulação com governos e com o setor privado, influenciando na elaboração de políticas públicas. Uma das questões centrais desta pesquisa foi entender por que se doa tanto nos Estados Unidos - considerado em campo como o cenário ideal da filantropia global - mas não no Brasil. Os achados demonstram que a resposta é complexa, envolvendo desde os distintos modelos de colonização, a centralidade do ethos protestante nos Estados Unidos e católico no Brasil, o legado português no país, as relações das sociedades civis e os Estados e os modelos de democracia implementados nos dois países. Recorrendo à formação histórica das duas nações, a filantropia é declarada como parte do DNA estadunidense, em uma lógica democrática associativista com distanciamento do governo em um Estado mínimo e de matriz protestante, enquanto no Brasil a centralidade do papel do Estado, mesmo na noção de cidadania, levou à concepção do termo Filantroestatismo para fenômenos emergentes como o Investimento Social Privado enquanto modos de governança econômica. / The riches declare a moral concern with poverty and social inequality. One of the main ways of addressing these social issues is through their philanthropic practice. This research focuses on the philanthropy of elites in Brazil and in the United States, on its trends of philanthrocapitalism and social justice or prgressive philanthropy. Whereas philathrocapitalism tries to universalize the human, identifying and expanding its moral categories, financing its own or peer related projects, the socalled social justice or progressive philanthropy seeks financing activists and social movements. Both practices intertwine with governments and the private sector, influencing public policies. The main addressed question is understanding why so much is donated in the United States but not in Brazil. The findings show a complex answer, passing through the different models of colonization in both cuntries, the protestant ethos in the United States versus the catholic ethos in Brazil, the Portuguese legacy in the country, the civil societies relations to governments and the distinct models of democracy implemented. Resorting to the historical formation of both nations, philanthropy is declared as a part of the United States´ DNA, in an associative democratic logics with the distancing of a weak government, whereas in Brazil the centrality of the State, even in notions such as citizenship, lead to the creation of the concept Philanthroestatism for emergent phenomena such as Private Social Investment as means of economic governance.

Com o advento da internet, surgem no campo da filantropia plataformas digitais que utilizam o poder de mobilização de indivíduos da web 2.0 para apoiar financeiramente projetos socioambientais. Esta dissertação tem por base as experiências da startup Eventos do Bem, que utiliza o método de angariação online Peer-to- Peer (P2P). A abordagem digital do método de captação de recursos P2P consiste na elaboração de campanhas promovidas por indivíduos online os quais podem utilizar seus eventos pessoais prol de uma causa social - como aniversários, casamentos entre outros - para mobilizar sua rede de contatos propondo que seus conhecidos doem para sua campanha ao invés de os presentearem no aniversário. As experiências na realização de campanhas digitais em prol de organizações sociais no referido empreendimento, elucubraram problemas relativos à performance financeira das campanhas. Logo, esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de propor diretrizes e práticas que potencializem o sucesso deste tipo de arrecadação online. Visto ser um modelo aplicado de forma pioneira no país, como metodologia, optou-se pela estratégia de estudos de caso múltiplos com base em YIN (1994) na qual, em conjunto com o estudo da startup Eventos do Bem, selecionou-se a plataforma estadunidense Charity:Water, referência em angariação P2P. Como unidades de análise, foram abordadas as campanhas de angariação realizadas em ambas as plataformas, focando na categoria de campanhas de aniversário. Logo, o trajeto desta pesquisa delineou-se nas fases: (a) análise da experiência da startup Eventos do Bem, em paralelo com a leitura do referencial teórico pertinente; (b) pesquisa e seleção da plataforma Charity:Water; (c) estudo e realização de 46 entrevistas, compondo-se em 6 entrevistas com funcionários do Charity:Water e 40 efetivadas com criadores de campanhas de aniversário em ambas as plataformas; (d) análise de fatores e práticas influenciadoras das campanhas promovidas nos casos abordados; (e) estudo cross- case e análise dos resultados obtidos. Como resultado da pesquisa, foi delineado um procedimento de boas práticas para potencializar a performance das campanhas digitais, destacando-se ações referentes à interação individual do criador da campanha com toda a sua rede de contatos, a persistência no pedido e a realização de um discurso do pedido de doação com qualidade, isto é, que apresente argumentos para persuadir doadores mais emocionais como também os mais racionais e lógicos. Desta forma, o estudo contribuiu para expandir o debate de captação de recursos online e aponta inovações da técnica P2P no que tange à mecânica do processo de decisão para doar e demonstra que a técnica pode fornecer resultados que vão além da angariação de recursos, estimulando maior engajamento social dos participantes. / With the advent of the Internet, philanthropy is emerging in digital platforms that use the mobilization power of web 2.0 individuals to financially support social and environmental projects. This dissertation is based on the experiences of the startup Eventos do Bem, which uses the Peer-to-Peer (P2P) online raising method. The digital approach of the P2P method of fundraising consists of the elaboration of campaigns promoted by individuals online who can use their personal events for a social cause - such as anniversaries, weddings and others - to mobilize their network of contacts by proposing that their acquaintances ache for their campaign instead of giving them on their birthday. The experiences in the accomplishment of digital campaigns in favor of social organizations in the mentioned enterprise, they have presented problems related to the financial performance of the campaigns. Therefore, this research was carried out with the objective of proposing guidelines and practices that will enhance the success of this type of online collection. As a model pioneered in the country, as a methodology, we chose the strategy of multiple case studies based on YIN (1994) in which, together with the study of the startup Eventos do Bem, we selected the platform American Charity: Water, reference in P2P fundraising. As units of analysis, the campaigns of raising were carried out in both platforms, focusing on the category of birthday campaigns.Therefore, the study\'s path was delineated in the phases: (a) analysis of the startup experience of the Good Events, in parallel with the reading of the relevant theoretical reference; (B) research and selection of the Charity: Water platform; (C) study and performance of 46 interviews, comprising 6 interviews with Charity: Water employees and 40 interviews with fundraisers on both platforms; (D) analysis of factors and practices influencing the campaigns promoted in the cases addressed; (E) cross-case study and analysis of the results obtained. As a result, a procedure of good practices was designed to potentiate fundraising P2P performance, highlighting actions regarding the individual interaction of the campaigner with his entire network of contacts, a persistence without request and realization of a speech of the Request Of giving with quality, is, and presents arguments to persuade donors more emotional as also the most rational and logical. In this way, the study contributed to expand the online fundraising debate and points out innovations of the P2P technique regarding the mechanics of the decision process to donate and demonstrates that the technique can provide results that go beyond fundraising, Stimulating greater social engagement of participants.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-25T15:10:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 virnaligiafernandesbraga.pdf: 4601313 bytes, checksum: 6088dd57d707779796ac8a12895edcb9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-25T16:36:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 virnaligiafernandesbraga.pdf: 4601313 bytes, checksum: 6088dd57d707779796ac8a12895edcb9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-25T16:36:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 virnaligiafernandesbraga.pdf: 4601313 bytes, checksum: 6088dd57d707779796ac8a12895edcb9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-19 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / A pesquisa tem início a partir dos impactos trazidos pela Lei do Ventre livre, de 1871, e vai até 1923. Esse recorte se deve às implicações trazidas por dois momentos cruciais para a assistência: a abolição gradual da escravidão e a criação das primeiras caixas de aposentadoria e pensões, por meio da Lei Elói Chaves que data de 1923. Além disso, é também de 1923 a circular do então Secretário do Interior, Fernando de Mello Vianna, que traz em anexo um questionário destinado a todas as instituições de assistência do estado de Minas Gerais, com o objetivo de reunir informações detalhadas sobre os serviços assistenciais prestados. A tese foi dividida em três capítulos que procuram analisar como se deu a distribuição da assistência em Minas Gerais, em que medida houve a participação da sociedade, como o estado de Minas se posicionou em relação à questão social, quais os atores mais relevantes e, ainda, como se combinaram as iniciativas pública e privada para a consolidação do campo da assistência pública no estado. Em Minas Gerais a assistência pública foi de 1889 até 1923 um setor caracterizado como público, alocado na Secretaria do Interior, mas nascido e mantido pela sociedade, por meio de doações de todo o tipo aliadas a um sistema de subvenções que até hoje continua a auxiliar inúmeros hospitais e associações de socorro à pobreza. É deste modo que podemos compreender a gênese do que atualmente é a Previdência Social no estado de Minas Gerais: como um híbrido oriundo da caridade e da filantropia combinadas às iniciativas dos governos estadual e federal. / The research starts from the impacts brought by the Free Womb Law, 1871, and runs until 1923. This cut is due to the implications brought by two crucial moments for assistance: the gradual abolition of slavery and the creation of the first boxes retirement and pensions, through Law Eloi Chaves dating from 1923. In addition, it is also the 1923 circular of the then Secretary of the Interior, Fernando de Mello Vianna, which brings attached a questionnaire to all state care institutions Minas Gerais, in order to gather detailed information about the care services provided. The thesis was divided into three chapters that seek to analyze how was the distribution of assistance in Minas Gerais, to what extent was the participation of society, as the state of Minas positioned in relation to social issues, which are the most relevant actors and, yet, as combined public and private initiatives for the consolidation of the public assistance field in the state. In Minas Gerais public assistance was from 1889 until 1923 a featured and public sectors, allocated to the Secretary of the Interior, but born and maintained by society, through donations of all kinds combined with a system of subsidies that even today continues to assist numerous hospitals and poverty to help associations. This is how we can understand the genesis of what is currently the Social Security in the state of Minas Gerais as a hybrid derived from charity and philanthropy combined initiatives of the state and federal governments.

Este trabalho contempla práticas filantrópicas contemporâneas entre a elite paulistana em sua interface com as dinâmicas de segregação urbana observadas nessa cidade. Procura-se investigar as relações que surgem em torno dessas práticas, mostrando que a segregação se caracteriza não somente pelo distanciamento, mas também por complexos jogos de interação cotidiana entre as populações que convivem na metrópole. A pesquisa baseia-se na etnografia de três iniciativas filantrópicas na cidade de São Paulo: um projeto escolar de ensino da língua inglesa, um centro de saúde infantil e um programa de preparação de jovens das elites para atuação no \"terceiro setor\". A atividade filantrópica se define, respectivamente, como \"serviço comunitário\", \"trabalho voluntário\" e ações de \"responsabilidade social\". Na análise dessas três iniciativas investigadas durante o trabalho de campo, destaca-se a tendência da prática filantrópica a passar, ao longo das últimas décadas, por um processo de \"profissionalização\", ou seja, a transição de um modelo baseado nos princípios de \"caridade\" e \"assistencialismo\" para um modelo de \"investimento social\". A reflexão sobre tal processo e sua incorporação por diversos sujeitos pede uma abordagem antropológica que preze as maneiras pelas quais essas redes se constroem e se desenvolvem, traçando conexões e associações entre lugares e influências diversas. / This study explores contemporary philanthropic practices among the São Paulo elite and the ways in which they relate to the dynamics of urban segregation seen in this city. It investigates the relations born of these practices, in support of the hypothesis that segregated landscapes are characterized not by the absence of relations but by complex dynamics of daily interaction between different urban populations. The study is based on an ethnography of three philanthropic initiatives in São Paulo: an English language teaching project in a private school, a children\'s health centre and a programme designed to prepare young individuals from the city\'s elite to develop activities in the third sector. In these three projects, philanthropy is defined, respectively, as \"community service\", \"voluntary work\" and \"social responsibility\". In its analysis of these initiatives, this study identifies a growing trend over recent years towards the \"professionalization\" of philanthropic practice, presented in the field of philanthropy as the evolution of a \"charity\" or \"assistance\" type model towards one based on the concept of \"social investment\". The investigation of this process and its incorporation into the practices of a diversity of social actors calls for an anthropological approach that emphasizes the connections and associations between diverse networks of people and places.

Abstract This research explores social entrepreneurship within the Islamic context through a number of perspectives. While there has been plenty of scientific research on social entrepreneurship during the last decades, non-Western settings are largely missing from academic research. Nevertheless, social entrepreneurship is also practiced in non-Western nations, no less so in the GCC countries. This research explores the multifaceted nature of social entrepreneurship within the Islamic GCC context through three qualitative research papers. The strong role and influence of social entrepreneurship was seen as the connecting theme between these three papers. Social entrepreneurship comes in many shapes and sizes and is visible at many levels of organization. Nation states display it as do even wider, shared belief systems. The multifaceted nature of social entrepreneurship is revealed when approached from several perspectives. The first paper approaches it from a social and commercial perspective, utilizing a case study method. The second paper is a conceptual paper that approaches social entrepreneurship from a more religious and philanthropic perspective by focusing on zakat. In the third paper, social entrepreneurship is studied from the perspective of leadership and state using a historical case study. The findings of these three papers reveal that the interaction between the different functions of social entrepreneurs is both complex and multifaceted. One of the reasons for this is that the boundaries within which the social entrepreneurs operate are highly multidimensional. The Islamic context encompasses both institutional entrepreneurship and Islamic philanthropy, and sees them as essential and often also inseparable parts of it - perhaps even more so than in a Western context. This research shows that the state has a strong supporting role in social entrepreneurship and even acts as social entrepreneur. Thus, in the Islamic context, the effects of social entrepreneurship (through zakat institutions) actually foster the interaction and spread of social entrepreneurs, institutional entrepreneurs and Islamic philanthropists across multiple institutional spheres. / Tiivistelmä Tässä väitöskirjassa tutkitaan sosiaalista yrittäjyyttä islamilaisessa kontekstissa useasta eri perspektiivistä. Vaikka viimeisten vuosikymmenten aikana on tehty paljon akateemista tutkimusta sosiaalisesta yrittäjyydestä, tutkimus länsimaiden ulkopuolisisissa konteksteissa on ollut hyvin vähäistä. Siitä huolimatta sosiaalista yrittäjyyttä on harjoitettu myös muualla kuin länsimaissa, kuten myös Persianlahden arabivaltioissa, GCC maissa. Tämä tutkimus käsittelee sosiaalisen yrittäjyyden monitahoista ilmentymää islamilaisissa GCC maissa kolmen kvalitatiivisen artikkelin kautta. Sosiaalisen yrittäjyyden vahva rooli ja sen erilaiset vaikutukset ovat yhdistävä teema näissä kolmessa artikkelissa. Sosiaalinen yrittäjyys ilmenee monessa eri muodossa ja eri kokoisissa yrityksissä ja sen vaikutus on nähtävissä useissa organisaation eri tasoissa. Sosiaalista yrittäjyyttä on havaittavissa myös valtiotasolla ja jopa suuremmissa uskomuskunnissa. Sosiaalisen yrittäjyyden monitahoisuus ilmenee, kun sitä lähestytään useasta perspektiivistä. Ensimmäinen artikkeli lähestyy tätä ilmiötä sosiaalisesta ja kaupallisesta perspektiivistä hyödyntäen tapaustutkimusta tutkimusmenetelmänä. Toinen tutkimusartikkeli on käsitteellinen tutkimus, joka lähestyy sosiaalista yrittäjyyttä enemmän uskonnollisesta ja filantropisesta lähtökohdasta keskittymällä zakat-käsitteeseen. Kolmannessa artikkelissa sosiaalista yrittäjyyttä tutkitaan johtamisen ja valtiotason näkökulmista historiallisen tapaustutkimusmenetelmän avulla. Tutkimuksen tulokset paljastavat, että vuorovaikutus sosiaalisten yrittäjien eri toimintojen välillä on sekä monimutkaista että monitahoista. Yksi selitys tälle on, että rajapinta jonka puitteissa sosiaaliset yrittäjät toimivat, on erittäin moniulotteinen. Institutionaalinen yrittäjyys ja islamilainen filantropia ovat erottamaton osa sosiaalista yrittäjyyttä islamilaisessa kontekstissa, ehkä jopa suuremmassa määrin kuin länsimaisissa konteksteissa. Tämä tutkimus osoittaa että valtiolla on vahva avustava rooli sosiaalisessa yrittäjyydessä ja valtio voi jopa käyttäytyä sosiaalisen yrittäjän tavoin. Täten sosiaalisen yrittäjyyden vaikutus islamilaisessa kontekstissa (zakat-instituution kautta) vahvistaa sosiaalisten yrittäjien, institutionaalisten yrittäjien ja islamilaisten filantrooppien vuorovaikutusta ja vaikutusvallan leviämistä yli instituutiorajojen.

The theses works with company social responsibility in a banking sector, it's reporting and with a way it influences total brand value. The theoretical part is focused on description of social responsibility and company's philantropy with a emphasis on it's benefits for a company. Special parts are dedicated to possibilities of brand value evaluation and also to a new EU directive on non-profit report. Practical part of the research is focused on Česká spořitelna, her activities in the field and it's management. The author measures an influence of ČS CSR activities on general brand awareness among both groups employees and customers. The author uses explorative probe. The author also offers some recommendations for more effective CSR management and it's use for brand value strengthening based on the results of the research.

Corporate volunteering as part of corporate social responsibility is gaining in popularity. So far, research has focused on aspects of motivating corporate volunteers or the link between volunteering and social responsibility. The choice of a non-profit organization that the company will support within the framework of corporate volunteering and the activities that are offered to employees to participate are topics that have only been marginally affected by research. Appropriate cooperation with a non-profit organization and the offer of activities are, however, the key to effective volunteering. The research aim of the empirical survey was to find out how companies select non-profit organizations to support in corporate volunteering. The aim was also to identify corporate volunteering activities and communication channels from the perspective of companies and volunteers. The survey was conducted with two groups of respondents, with companies and volunteers. The questionnaire method was used for data collection. Six hypotheses were defined, two of which were confirmed. The results showed that the choice of non-profit organization and activities influence the wishes of employees. Companies select non-profit organizations primarily based on the subject of their activity and most often use manual...

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This study investigates the philanthropic practices of same-sex couples, including their motivations for giving and how they make philanthropic decisions. Existing research has focused almost exclusively on heterosexual couples and assumes that all households are the same. Using the frameworks of the eight mechanisms of giving and social identification theory, this study investigates the role of identity in philanthropic behavior and how gender differences may be amplified among same-sex couples. Drawing on 19 semi-structured joint interviews with gay and lesbian couples in Indiana, the research uses a qualitative method to "give voice" to a marginalized population's philanthropic experiences that are little studied. The study finds participants are highly engaged in nonprofit organizations and participate in a diverse array of philanthropic behaviors. While many couples support at least one LGBT-affiliated nonprofit, giving to LGBT causes does not constitute the majority of most couples' philanthropy. Still, sexual orientation plays a significant role in motivating support for the LGBT community, for public policy changes and equal rights initiatives, and to HIV/AIDS-service organizations. Sexual orientation also determines which organizations many donors would not support. Same-sex couples also use their philanthropy as a way to support their communities at-large and be recognized by mainstream society. In terms of financial management, a majority of participant couples maintained independent financial accounts or partial pooling systems of household income, leading to more opportunities for charitable giving; at the same time, couples expressed low conflict over making giving decisions and supported one another's interests. This study provides scholars and practitioners insights into the complex interactions of motivations, identity, and financial arrangements that underscore charitable giving, and it offers implications for nonprofit organizations and fundraisers who work with diverse populations of donors.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The exportation of institutions from developed economies to developing countries has been a development strategy that international actors have employed for decades. In the 1990s and early 2000s international donors introduced philanthropic foundations into African countries. The Ford Foundation was instrumental in setting up a number of foundations in African countries to promote the mobilization of local philanthropic resources for self-reliant community-driven development. However, more than a decade after their establishment the Ford-founded philanthropic institutions continued to depend heavily on international funding. This dissertation investigates why Ford’s exportation of foundation philanthropy to African countries for the promotion of local resource mobilization was unsuccessful. Current explanations attribute the local resource mobilization ineffectiveness of donor-founded philanthropic institutions to domestic factors --- developing country governments’ failure to provide an enabling environment for the development of nonprofit institutions. Drawing on quantitative and qualitative data, I go beyond the endogenous explanations to examine the role and institutional transplantation strategies of the external actor, the Ford Foundation. Based on in-depth interviews with former staff and consultants of the Ford Foundation, as well as staff of selected Ford-founded African foundations in Kenya, Ghana, and Senegal (namely The Kenya Community Development Foundation, the African Women's Development Fund, and TrustAfrica) I contend that the oft-cited domestic “obstacles” are actually the preexisting local conditions that Ford should have taken into consideration during the formulation and implementation of its philanthropy promotion program in African countries. Using institutional transplantation theories as a framework, I argue that Ford failed to achieve its local resource mobilization goal in African countries because the American-inspired foundation model that it transplanted in those countries for the purpose was incompatible with the local African cultures of giving and philanthropy.