Today, community foundations undoubtedly play a significant role in building community philanthropy and strengthening civil society through civic engagement. They are unique by their specific connection to the community, ie. to a particular geographically defined area, where this foundation financially supports activities, events, individuals or groups in the form of grants. These grants provide from a collection of donated funds from many donors and the impact on the community is that it addresses its diverse problems and needs. Thanks to this collection and the endowment can address these needs in the long run. In the submitted diploma thesis, is based on analysis of professional literature, the specifics of community foundations are derived and based on the analysis of the documents of the foundations, it is shown how many Czech community foundations correspond to this ideal. Keywords: Community, foundations, community foundations, community philanthropy, social capital, board of directors, community foundation history, foundation growth, specifics of community foundations

Significance of Philanthropy in community social work focusing on efficiency of performance Abstract (in English) The aim of this diploma thesis is the presentation of the subject of philanthropy in community social work. Special attention is however paid to the concept of effectivity of performance of social work. It is also endeavoured to delineate the concepts such as community social work, philathropy, quality of social services and measuring social impact. The main purpose of the research part of the thesis is exploration of the question whether there is a connection between effectivity of an organization and its success. In the commercial sector, success is perceived as long-term stability of the organization and its market prosperity. The aim of the research was to find out if this relationship holds true for non-profit sector or social services as well. The chosen strategy was qualitative research. The data collecting was conducted by means of individual semi-structured interviews. The main contribution of the thesis is the finding that the performance capacity of an organization is conditioned primarily by its staffing. More precisely, the more high-quality employes the organization has the higher performace it should achieve.

This master thesis is dedicated to strategic corporate social responsibility (CSR) and to the concept of creating shared value (CSV). It analyses the difference between CSV and common business philanthropy which is based on allocation of some part of their profit. It shows the connection between business and civic society. Currently the companies realise that their success is related to the well-being of the society in which they work. Therefore - when adopting the concept of CSV companies focus on the field in which they are active in their core business. The thesis concentrates on partnering business companies with civic society organisations. This is based on the belief that social and economic aims coincide. This partnership is a challenge to find a solution to common social issues. It should gain profit to both sides. The theory of this thesis is complemented by a research and analysis of interviews with respondents from both business and civic companies.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Traditional Coptic charity, as I call it, is not just a flawed attempt at humanitarianism, as many believe. It is not just “giving a man a fish” as proponents of “human development” argue. Traditional Coptic charity, as I hope to explain, is an integral part of a larger social system that works together to maintain (and grow slowly) a religious community whose very salvation rests in the practice and transmission of its complex Liturgical body. By merit of its theological peculiarity, and the soteriological significance it gives the practice of sacraments and other religious activities, the Coptic Church effectively hems in the community in perpetuity. This contrasts with the other side of the philanthropic coin—development. Development, which is championed by certain organizations stands as a bulwark of “modernity” in the face of charity’s traditionalism, does not fit into the soteriological orientation of the Church’s Liturgical life. In essence, development’s ultimate goal is to “develop” individuals to the point of “financial independence”—a goal that does not fit into the Church’s communal ethos or exclusively contribute to salvific ends. In recognizing these facts, I began to reevaluate my initial stance on human development as the best way of engaging non-Copts. Overall, this thesis is can be read as a continuation of an ongoing debate between modernity and tradition—and the philanthropic tools they deploy—development and charity.

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[pt] O presente artigo busca explicar como a filantropia influencia o desenvolvimento internacional e pode exercer um papel estratégico para a transição agroecológica nas cidades. Uma linha do tempo histórica elucida a interseção entre a profissionalização do financiamento filantrópico e a expansão do desenvolvimento internacional com foco em analisar o impacto da filantropia no desenvolvimento internacional da agricultura. Argumenta-se ao longo do artigo que organizações filantrópicas familiares possuem responsabilidade e oportunidade estratégica de apoiar a transição agroecológica, especificamente em territórios urbanos, de forma a minimamente compensar apoios filantrópicos prévios à agricultura feitos com pouca preocupação ecológica e social. Recomendações e lições aprendidas são compartilhadas no final do artigo de forma a evidenciar boas práticas replicáveis e gargalos de apoios filantrópicos à agroecologia urbana no Brasil. Para tanto, foram usados como fontes primárias e secundárias: literatura especializada publicada em revistas e eventos, relatórios de transparência e materiais audiovisuais de storytelling de fundações filantrópicas, associações de financiadores, organizações da sociedade civil e internacionais. / [en] This article seeks to explain how philanthropy influences international development and can play a strategic role in the agroecological transition in cities. A historical timeline elucidates the intersection between the professionalisation of philanthropic funding and the expansion of international development with a focus on analysing the impact of philanthropy on the international development of agriculture. It is argued throughout the article that family philanthropic organisations have a responsibility and a strategic opportunity to support the agroecological transition specifically in urban territories, minimally offsetting prior philanthropic grants to agriculture established with little ecological and social concern. Recommendations and lessons learned are shared at the end of the article in order to highlight replicable best practices and bottlenecks in philanthropic support for urban agroecology in Brazil. To this end, specialised literature published in magazines and events, transparency reports and audio-visual storytelling materials from philanthropic foundations, donor associations, civil society and international organisations were used as analysis tools.

Indiana University - Purdue University - Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This philanthropic studies thesis aims to “increase the understanding of philanthropy, improve its practice, and enhance philanthropic participation” (Center on Philanthropy at Indiana University Overview) by studying the effects of social information, social norms and social identity on giving. It connects philanthropic studies research with theoretical developments in motivations for giving in economics, nonprofit management, nonprofit marketing, consumer behavior, and social psychology. It utilizes personal observations as well as quantitative methods including experiments and surveys on multiple samples including donors, undergraduate students and samples of the U.S. population. It generates actionable and efficacious knowledge to improve the practice of philanthropy. It contributes to the formation and growth of the young field called philanthropic studies - in theory, in methodology and in practice. This thesis includes five chapters. Chapter I will explain how the research question, philosophy and methodology are selected. This discussion will be for the entire thesis. Specific research questions, hypotheses, research designs, findings and implications will be explained in the subsequent chapters. Chapter II demonstrates the immediate and long-term effects of social information on donations and its boundary conditions in existing nonprofit donors in two field experiments. Chapter III shows that the psychological mechanism through which social information influences subsequent giving is perceived descriptive social norms in one field survey of donors and one laboratory experiment on undergraduate students. Chapter IV investigates how social identity congruency moderates the effect of social information on donations. It reports three field experiments on donors and samples of the general U.S. population and two laboratory experiments on undergraduate students. It shows that donors give more money to a public radio station if told that a previous donor with a similar identity also made a large contribution. This effect is more likely to occur when donors have high collective identity esteem and when attention is focused on others. Each chapter provides original fundraising techniques developed from these studies. Chapter V concludes with a discussion of the theoretical, methodological and practical contributions of this thesis and suggests directions for future research in philanthropic studies, and philanthropic psychology in particular.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The history of Western civilisation is generally demarcated into three broad epochs: ancient, Christian and modern. These eras are usually defined in political terms, but they may also be differentiated in terms of fundamental differences in the nature of the organisations that constitute civil society in each age, how they defined the public good, and even what they consider philanthropic. In the nineteenth century, for instance, 'Scientific philanthropy' displaced 'Christian charity' as the dominant model for charitable giving; a development accompanied by a number of other secularising trends in Western civil society, generally understood as a broad cultural shift in conceptions of public good, from religious to scientific. From the fourth to the sixth century CE, by comparison, another broad cultural shift, from paganism to Christianity, also led to fundamental changes in the nature and composition of ancient civil society. A central premise of this dissertation is that fundamental historical transformations in Western civilisation – from pagan to Christian, to modern, to post-modern – may be traced to the influence of some of the most important philosophers in the Western philosophical tradition, among them: Protagoras, Socrates, Plato, Francis Bacon and Friedrich Nietzsche. Each of these philosophers may be seen to have promulgated their teachings in a consciously Promethean manner; as gifts of fire, understood as philosophical teachings intended to be promulgated for the wider benefit of humankind. In Greek myth, Prometheus, whose name is traditionally thought to have literally meant 'forethought', is the one who steals fire from the gods and gives it to humans. Prometheus is also the first figure in history to be described as "philanthropic" (Prometheus Bound, 11 & 28). Plato, Bacon and Nietzsche all employ significant variants of the Promethean mũthos in their philosophical works, and may be seen to personally identify with the figure of Prometheus, as an allegorical figure depicting the situation of the wise, particularly in relation to political power. This dissertation thus closely analyses the Promethean mũthos in order to cast light on the philosophical philanthrôpía and Promethean ambitions of Protagoras, Socrates and Plato, and to provide the basis for consideration of the same in Bacon and Nietzsche.

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