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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

ANÁLISES DAS OCORRÊNCIAS ANÔMALAS DE FLUORETO EM ÁGUAS SUBTERRÂNEAS / Analyses of the Anomalous Occurrences of Fluoride in Groundwaters

Santiago, Mariana Ribeiro 20 August 2010 (has links)
The present work shows a discussion about the problematic related to the anomalies of fluoride concentrations in groundwaters intended for human provisioning and also about the public health issues and financial waste generated by them. As a contribution, a map was elaborated containing the spacing of the occurrences of anomalous fluoride in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina. Taking in to account the importance of understanding a little more about the behavior of the waters which suffer this anomaly of fluoride concentration, we have carried out a detailed description of the compositions and of the polytypes of water, verifying what tendencies they present. For that, the area of study has been split in three zones composing the Gurany Aquiferous System: Zones of Blooming, Confinement and Strong Confinement, with a greater emphasis to the Blooming Zone, once that the later presents the greatest amount of wells with excessive fluoride concentrations in the same area, which coincides with the Central Depression of Rio Grande do Sul. After evaluating the typologies of the analyzed waters it was possible to verify the occurrence of a higher tendency in the three zones for the polytype of the sodic Bicarbonate waters. On the basis of the verifications of previous studies attesting the existence of flotations of chemical parameters in underground areas this study has evaluated and identified its percentage of variation in 17 physical-chemical parameters. For that, multivariate data analyses were accomplished for 13 water samples of a deep tubular well (276m), monitored during a six months period, reaching variations of 1,5 200%. The most variable pattern was color. In it was possible to verify that during the pumping period of 15 minutes there has been a coloring variation of water of six different colors attesting how important it is to consider same water taking in order to monitor deep tubular wells because it can receive several water contributions with differentiated characteristics among each other. The pH has shown the smallest percentage of variation, always remaining with the characteristics of neutral pH. / Este trabalho apresenta uma discussão sobre as problemáticas relacionadas às anomalias de concentração do fluoreto em águas subterrâneas destinadas ao abastecimento humano e os problemas de saúde pública e desperdício de finanças que podem proporcionar. Como contribuição, elaborou-se um mapa com a espacialização das ocorrências anômala de fluoreto nos Estados do Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina. Considerando a importância de entender um pouco mais sobre o comportamento das águas que sofrem essa anomalia de concentração de fluoreto, efetuou-se um detalhamento das composições e dos polítipos das águas verificando-se quais as tendências que elas apresentam. Para isso a área de estudo, foi dividida em três zonas que compõem o Sistema Aquífero Guarani: Zonas de Afloramento, Confinamento e Forte Confinamento, tomando uma ênfase maior para Zona de Afloramento, devido a esta apresentar a maior quantidade de poços com concentrações excessivas de fluoreto em uma mesma região, que coincide com a Depressão Central do Rio Grande do Sul. Após avaliar quais as tipologias das águas analisadas foi possível constatar que houve uma maior tendência nas três zonas, para o polítipo de águas bicarbonatadas sódicas. Com base nas verificações de estudos anteriores que atestam a existência de flutuações de parâmetros químicos em águas subterrâneas, o estudo avaliou e identificou qual o seu percentual de variação em 17 parâmetros físico-químicos. Para isto foram realizadas análises multivariadas de dados, para 13 amostras de água de um poço tubular profundo (276 m), monitorado por uma período de 6 meses, chegando-se a variações na ordem de 1,5 a 200%. O parâmetro que mais apresentou variação foi a cor, nela pode-se verificar que no período de 15 min de bombeamento do poço houve uma variação de coloração da água em cinco cores distintas, podendo atentar-se o quanto é importante considerar-se uma mesma tomada de água para monitorar poços tubulares profundos, pois ele pode receber diversas contribuições de água com características diferenciadas entre si. O pH foi o que apresentou a menor (percentual) variação, permanecendo sempre com as características de pH neutro.
12

Změny geochemismu povrchových vod ve vybraných povodích Krušných hor / Changes of geochemistry of surface water in selected catchments of the Ore Mountains

Navrátilová, Denisa January 2020 (has links)
This master thesis focuses on an analysis of surface water chemistry, long-term trends and the impact of drought on changes in concentrations of selected parameters in the upper Svatava, Rolava and Načetínský potok basins located in the Ore Mountains. Research on water quality in mountain spring areas is important, the consequences of various changes can be easily observed there. This work analyses the changes in surface water chemistry and discusses their possible causes, especially the impact of peat bogs and dry episodes. The parameters of water temperature, conductivity, pH, BOD5, COD, TOC, concentration of nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, phosphates, sodium, potassium, calcium and iron were investigated for the period 1993-2018. The available data are analysed using evaluation methods according to ČSN 75 7221 as well as box plots, Pearson correlation coefficient, PCA analysis and Mann-Kendall test. The greatest anthropogenic influence exhibited in Svatava, almost all concentrations reached their highest values there. In the Rolava and Načetínský potok basins, the influence of peatlands manifested itself by increasing the concentrations of iron, TOC and COD. The results of trends showed an increase both in pH and in surface water temperature related to an increase in air temperature, on the...

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