Acompanha: UEPS (Unidades de Ensino Potencialmente Significativas): "Entendendo como os grandes jogadores de futebol conseguem fazer gols da grande área"; UEPS (Unidades de Ensino Potencialmente Significativas): "Afinal o que é o atrito?" / Essa Dissertação desenvolveu e pesquisou atividades experimentais a partir de um material didático chamado de Trilho Multifuncional (GOYA e HALIBI, 2011), com o objetivo de enfrentar alguns dos problemas referentes à aplicação de atividades experimentais no ensino de física no ensino médio, evidenciados na literatura nas últimas décadas. A partir dessas aplicações foram desenvolvidas duas UEPS (Unidades de Ensino Potencialmente Significativas) (MOREIRA, 2005), fundamentadas nas teorias sobre Aprendizagem Significativa e Multimodos e Múltiplas Representações. O primeiro curso foi dirigido a alunos do ensino médio, e o segundo, a professores de Física pertencentes ao NRE-Londrina. Os dados da pesquisa foram obtidos a partir de questionários aplicados, observações e áudio-gravações, tanto no primeiro como no segundo curso. Os resultados da análise quantitativa e qualitativa do primeiro mostraram que as atividades experimentais proporcionaram aos alunos melhorias no sentido de aprendizagem, incentivo para se estudar Física e ganho conceitual. Os resultados obtidos junto aos docentes, no segundo curso, confirmou que as práticas experimentais são ainda pouco utilizadas no ensino médio, e mostrou que os professores ficaram motivados a trabalhar com o trilho devido a sua praticidade, baixo custo e aplicabilidade. Espera-se que muitos docentes do ensino médio utilizem o trilho multifuncional bem como as duas UEPS, que se encontram no apêndice desse trabalho. / This Dissertation developed and researched experimental activities from a courseware called Trilho Multifuncional (Multifunctional Rail) (GOYA and HALIBI, 2011), in order to face some of the problems relating to the implementation of experimental activities in Physics teaching in high school, as evidenced in the literature in the last decades. From these applications it was developed two Potentially Meaningful Teaching Unit (PMTU) (MOREIRA, 2005), based on the theories of Meaningful Learning and Multimode and Multiple Representations. The first course was addressed to high school students, and the second, to the Physics teachers belonging to the Londrina State Education Center (NRE – Núcleo Estadual de Educação). The survey data were obtained from questionnaires, observations and audio recordings, both the first and the second course. The quantitative and qualitative analysis results of the first experimental activities showed that the improvements provided students towards learning incentive for studying Physical and conceptual gain. The results obtained from the teachers, in the second course, confirmed that the experimental practices are still little used in high school and they showed that teachers were motivated to work with the multifunctional rail due to its convenience, low cost and applicability. It is expected that many high school teachers to use the multifunction rail and the two Potentially Meaningful Teaching Unit (PMTU), which is the appendix of this work.

Acompanha: Produto educacional: uma proposta de sequência didática para tópicos de magnetismo e eletromagnetismo / CAPES / O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a aplicação de uma sequência didática pautada na atividade experimental por meio de uma abordagem investigativa com uma turma da 4ª Série do Ensino Técnico Integrado em informática de nível Médio, com uma faixa etária entre 15 e 17 anos de uma instituição de ensino da rede pública federal da cidade de Campo Mourão/PR. A implementação da proposta e posteriormente análise dos dados atendeu os pressupostos da pesquisa qualitativa. Com esse trabalho, constatou-se que os alunos traziam suas explicações para o fenômeno físico estudado as quais careciam de respaldo técnico e científico e, a partir do trabalho em grupo durante a implementação da proposta, possibilita a estes uma visão mais científica e menos simplista do conceito estudado. / The objective of this work was to study the application of a didactic sequence based on the experimental activity by an investigative approach with a group of the 4th grade students of an Integrated Technical Course in Computer Science, at age between 15 and 17 years old of a federal institution in Campo Mourão city / PR. The implementation of the proposal and later analysis of the data met the assumptions of the qualitative research. With this work, it was verified that the students brought their explanations for the physical phenomenon studied, which needed technical and scientific support and, the group work, during the implementation of the proposal, allows them a more scientific and less simplistic view of the concept studied.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2017-10-02T16:50:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao - Wellington Vieira Ferreira - 2017.pdf: 6954589 bytes, checksum: 5abbfbaabae1b612e006f3f6cb213cf1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Rejected by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com), reason: Não estamos usando a expressão "Profissional" na citação Errado: FERREIRA, Wellington Vieira. Regressão linear simples aplicado na física experimental do ensino médio. 2017. 92 f. Dissertação ( Mestrado Profissional em Matemática em Rede Nacional) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Jataí, 2017. Certo: FERREIRA, Wellington Vieira. Regressão linear simples aplicado na física experimental do ensino médio. 2017. 92 f. Dissertação ( Mestrado em Matemática em Rede Nacional) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Jataí, 2017. on 2017-10-03T13:18:55Z (GMT) / Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2017-10-03T16:07:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao - Wellington Vieira Ferreira - 2017.pdf: 6954589 bytes, checksum: 5abbfbaabae1b612e006f3f6cb213cf1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-10-04T12:05:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao - Wellington Vieira Ferreira - 2017.pdf: 6954589 bytes, checksum: 5abbfbaabae1b612e006f3f6cb213cf1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-04T12:05:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao - Wellington Vieira Ferreira - 2017.pdf: 6954589 bytes, checksum: 5abbfbaabae1b612e006f3f6cb213cf1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-05 / In this work we approached an interdisciplinary proposal between mathematics and physics, from the mathematical modeling of some basic physics experiments, using the Least Square Method and QtiPlot software. / Neste trabalho abordamos uma proposta interdisciplinar entre a Matemática e a Física, a partir da modelagem matemática de alguns experimentos de física básica, utilizando o Método dos Mínimos Quadrados e o software QtiPlot.

Although the merits of practical work in physics are often questioned, it remains part of physics curricula world-wide. In distance education the incorporation of practical work into the curriculum is considerably complicated by the unique logistics of the setting and the high cost involved. The research reported in this thesis emanated from the need to improve the practical work module for first year physics at the University of South Africa, one of the largest distance education universities in the world. Specifically, the home-based component which, up to the commencement of the research had been entirely text-based, needed to be addressed. To this end it was necessary to identify a valid and attainable set of objectives and to determine the characteristics, abilities and needs of the students in the target group. A survey polling the viewpoints of South African physics lecturers and students about the objectives of practical work was conducted and an extensive student profile comprising a biographic, cognitive and affective component was compiled. Biographically, the target group is unique in the sense that it consists mainly of adult learners, a large percentage of whom study in a second language. The cognitive component of the profile covered aptitude, proficiency in English, mathematics and the integrated science process skills and level of cognitive development, all of which were investigated for possible influence on performance in practical work. On an affective level, students displayed a very positive attitude towards practical work, seated mainly in their need for concrete exploration of the theory. A practical work module structured around an experiential learning cycle adapted to the distance education environment was subsequently designed. The study material developed for the module comprised an interactive study guide on data processing and experimental procedure, a home experiment kit with accompanying workbook and a laboratory manual. From the pilot study forming part of the development process, it was found that students performed significantly better in an assignment based on home-experimentation than in any of the pen- and paper assignments preceding it. Based on the results of the pilot study, a full home experiment kit was designed, evaluated, refined and implemented. / Physics / D.Phil. (Physics)

Although the merits of practical work in physics are often questioned, it remains part of physics curricula world-wide. In distance education the incorporation of practical work into the curriculum is considerably complicated by the unique logistics of the setting and the high cost involved. The research reported in this thesis emanated from the need to improve the practical work module for first year physics at the University of South Africa, one of the largest distance education universities in the world. Specifically, the home-based component which, up to the commencement of the research had been entirely text-based, needed to be addressed. To this end it was necessary to identify a valid and attainable set of objectives and to determine the characteristics, abilities and needs of the students in the target group. A survey polling the viewpoints of South African physics lecturers and students about the objectives of practical work was conducted and an extensive student profile comprising a biographic, cognitive and affective component was compiled. Biographically, the target group is unique in the sense that it consists mainly of adult learners, a large percentage of whom study in a second language. The cognitive component of the profile covered aptitude, proficiency in English, mathematics and the integrated science process skills and level of cognitive development, all of which were investigated for possible influence on performance in practical work. On an affective level, students displayed a very positive attitude towards practical work, seated mainly in their need for concrete exploration of the theory. A practical work module structured around an experiential learning cycle adapted to the distance education environment was subsequently designed. The study material developed for the module comprised an interactive study guide on data processing and experimental procedure, a home experiment kit with accompanying workbook and a laboratory manual. From the pilot study forming part of the development process, it was found that students performed significantly better in an assignment based on home-experimentation than in any of the pen- and paper assignments preceding it. Based on the results of the pilot study, a full home experiment kit was designed, evaluated, refined and implemented. / Physics / D.Phil. (Physics)

Acompanha: Raciocinal e empírico: caderno pedagógico / Este trabalho trata de uma pesquisa qualitativa sobre a mediação de roteiros no ensino-aprendizagem do experimento da segunda lei de Newton. Iniciamos a pesquisa com uma análise documental sobre a demanda histórica, procurando diagnosticar a produção de roteiros da segunda lei nos últimos 50 anos, baseados nos arquivos históricos do Colégio Estadual do Paraná, os resultados da investigação bibliográfica mostraram que não existiu evolução didático-metodológica em relação as orientações para a execução das práticas experimentais em torno da segunda lei de Newton. Mesmo com a evolução tecnológica e instrumental dos laboratórios já interfaceados com fotogates e computadores, os roteiros ainda privilegiam uma concepção de ensino tradicional de ciência altamente reprodutivista. Concluímos que desde os projetos como o PSSC (MIT), o de Harvard e outros que tinham uma base tecnicista e que propunham o aprendizado de Física tornando os estudantes pequenos cientistas, e que proporcionou aos estudantes muita habilidade motora e uma aprendizagem automatizada e, acabou negligenciando a parte cognitiva presente no processo entre observações e fatos, ao nosso ver isso corrobora com uma concepção de ensino de divulgação de ciência no estilo panfleto. Para nos auxiliar neste problema buscamos principalmente os estudos de Gaston Bachelard, Paulo Freire, Thomas S. Kuhn, Ian Hacking, Neill Postman e Kim Vicente. Problema delimitado propomos uma possível modificação do roteiro da segunda lei de Newton com uma sequência de atividades experimentais com plano de fundo de uma lei ou teoria associado à ciência normal no sentido de Kuhn, no qual os estudantes são provocados em resolver quebra-cabeças, propostos na problematização do roteiro promovendo uma possibilidade de entrelaçamento entre teoria e a prática, valorizando aspectos racionais e empíricos, de forma de aproximação, de tensão conciliadora e de retroalimentação. No método experimental artesanal e tecnológico associado a contextos e problematizações, apostamos na especulação complexa do aparelho experimental e das entidades da física relacionadas com a lei fundamental dos movimentos, com a intencionalidade da especialização na utilização dos aparelhos e do aumento do realismo científico das entidades manipuladas pelos estudantes. Como principais resultados que verificamos pela comparação de representações dos estudantes em questionários aplicados antes e depois da sequência de atividades, apontamos aspectos de uma evolução em maior ou menor grau do gênero de raciocínio associado à cultura do laboratório, com indícios de uma possível evolução do perfil epistemológico dos estudantes em relação as entidades da física manipuladas, através do aparelho experimental e dos elementos articuladores, entre eles o cálculo, no manuseio da linguagem físico matemática. / This assignment is a qualitative research on mediation scripts in the teaching- learning experiment of Newton's second law. We started the research with documentary analysis of the historical demand, looking diagnose the production of script about second law on last fifty years, based on the historical archives of the Colégio Estadual do Paraná. The results of the literature search showed that there was not didactic-methodological, development in relation the guidelines for execution of experimental practices around Newton's second law. Even with the technological and instrumental development of laboratories already interfaced with photogates and computers, the scripts still prefer a traditional school design highly reproductivist science. We conclude from since the projects as the PSSC (MIT), of the Harvard and others, who had a technical basis and that the proposed Physical learning becoming the students in little scientists. And which provided students with a lot of motor skills and an automated learning and, finishes up neglecting the cognitive part of this process between observations and facts, in our view this confirms a science of dissemination of teaching design in the pamphlet style. To help us in this problem we sought studies of Gaston Bachelard, Paulo Freire, Thomas S. Kuhn, Ian Hacking, Neill Postman and Kim Vicente. With the delimited problem, we propose a possible modification of the script of Newton's second law, with a series of experimental activities with the background plan of a law or theory associated with normal science in Kuhn's sense, in which students are challenged to solve puzzles. Problematized in script with a chance of entanglement between theory and practice, valuing rational and empirical aspects, promoting his approach, tension and feedback. In experimental method associated with contexts and problematizations, handmade and with technology, we bet on complex speculation, of the experimental apparatus and of the physical entities related to the fundamental law of motion, with the intentionality of the specialization in the use of equipment and the increase of the realism scientific of the manipulated entities by students. The main results that we see by comparing representations of students in questionnaires before and after the sequence of activities. We point out aspects of an evolution to a greater or lesser degree, gender of reasoning associated with the laboratory culture, with indications of a possible evolution of the profile epistemological of students regarding the physical entities manipulated by the experimental apparatus and the joint by calculation with the handling of physical mathematical language.

Acompanha: Raciocinal e empírico: caderno pedagógico / Este trabalho trata de uma pesquisa qualitativa sobre a mediação de roteiros no ensino-aprendizagem do experimento da segunda lei de Newton. Iniciamos a pesquisa com uma análise documental sobre a demanda histórica, procurando diagnosticar a produção de roteiros da segunda lei nos últimos 50 anos, baseados nos arquivos históricos do Colégio Estadual do Paraná, os resultados da investigação bibliográfica mostraram que não existiu evolução didático-metodológica em relação as orientações para a execução das práticas experimentais em torno da segunda lei de Newton. Mesmo com a evolução tecnológica e instrumental dos laboratórios já interfaceados com fotogates e computadores, os roteiros ainda privilegiam uma concepção de ensino tradicional de ciência altamente reprodutivista. Concluímos que desde os projetos como o PSSC (MIT), o de Harvard e outros que tinham uma base tecnicista e que propunham o aprendizado de Física tornando os estudantes pequenos cientistas, e que proporcionou aos estudantes muita habilidade motora e uma aprendizagem automatizada e, acabou negligenciando a parte cognitiva presente no processo entre observações e fatos, ao nosso ver isso corrobora com uma concepção de ensino de divulgação de ciência no estilo panfleto. Para nos auxiliar neste problema buscamos principalmente os estudos de Gaston Bachelard, Paulo Freire, Thomas S. Kuhn, Ian Hacking, Neill Postman e Kim Vicente. Problema delimitado propomos uma possível modificação do roteiro da segunda lei de Newton com uma sequência de atividades experimentais com plano de fundo de uma lei ou teoria associado à ciência normal no sentido de Kuhn, no qual os estudantes são provocados em resolver quebra-cabeças, propostos na problematização do roteiro promovendo uma possibilidade de entrelaçamento entre teoria e a prática, valorizando aspectos racionais e empíricos, de forma de aproximação, de tensão conciliadora e de retroalimentação. No método experimental artesanal e tecnológico associado a contextos e problematizações, apostamos na especulação complexa do aparelho experimental e das entidades da física relacionadas com a lei fundamental dos movimentos, com a intencionalidade da especialização na utilização dos aparelhos e do aumento do realismo científico das entidades manipuladas pelos estudantes. Como principais resultados que verificamos pela comparação de representações dos estudantes em questionários aplicados antes e depois da sequência de atividades, apontamos aspectos de uma evolução em maior ou menor grau do gênero de raciocínio associado à cultura do laboratório, com indícios de uma possível evolução do perfil epistemológico dos estudantes em relação as entidades da física manipuladas, através do aparelho experimental e dos elementos articuladores, entre eles o cálculo, no manuseio da linguagem físico matemática. / This assignment is a qualitative research on mediation scripts in the teaching- learning experiment of Newton's second law. We started the research with documentary analysis of the historical demand, looking diagnose the production of script about second law on last fifty years, based on the historical archives of the Colégio Estadual do Paraná. The results of the literature search showed that there was not didactic-methodological, development in relation the guidelines for execution of experimental practices around Newton's second law. Even with the technological and instrumental development of laboratories already interfaced with photogates and computers, the scripts still prefer a traditional school design highly reproductivist science. We conclude from since the projects as the PSSC (MIT), of the Harvard and others, who had a technical basis and that the proposed Physical learning becoming the students in little scientists. And which provided students with a lot of motor skills and an automated learning and, finishes up neglecting the cognitive part of this process between observations and facts, in our view this confirms a science of dissemination of teaching design in the pamphlet style. To help us in this problem we sought studies of Gaston Bachelard, Paulo Freire, Thomas S. Kuhn, Ian Hacking, Neill Postman and Kim Vicente. With the delimited problem, we propose a possible modification of the script of Newton's second law, with a series of experimental activities with the background plan of a law or theory associated with normal science in Kuhn's sense, in which students are challenged to solve puzzles. Problematized in script with a chance of entanglement between theory and practice, valuing rational and empirical aspects, promoting his approach, tension and feedback. In experimental method associated with contexts and problematizations, handmade and with technology, we bet on complex speculation, of the experimental apparatus and of the physical entities related to the fundamental law of motion, with the intentionality of the specialization in the use of equipment and the increase of the realism scientific of the manipulated entities by students. The main results that we see by comparing representations of students in questionnaires before and after the sequence of activities. We point out aspects of an evolution to a greater or lesser degree, gender of reasoning associated with the laboratory culture, with indications of a possible evolution of the profile epistemological of students regarding the physical entities manipulated by the experimental apparatus and the joint by calculation with the handling of physical mathematical language.

Practical work plays an important role in the teaching and learning of science. This study was conducted to determine whether the methods and practices employed by physics teachers in Zimbabwe as required by the Zimbabwe School Examination Council (Zimsec) ‘A’ Level Physics Syllabus (9188) on the assessment of practical work skills assist the students in developing other crucial practical skills like manipulation, observational, planning and designing apart from presentation and analysis skills. The convergent parallel mixed methods approach of Creswell (2014) was used to collect, present and analyse data. Quantitative data were collected using the structured observation schedule to get assessment marks for a student using both methods of indirect assessment of practical work skills (IAPS) and direct assessment of practical work skills DAPS for the same practical work activity. Qualitative data were obtained from interviews with the physics teachers and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with the ‘A’ level physics students. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) of the percentage rating of marks obtained by the student as observed during practical work sessions compared to the obtained mark from the submitted practical work report for the same practical work activity was calculated and found to be 0.135 with a Pvalue of 0.432. Both the narrative approach (Creswell, 2007) and conservation analyses (Gray, 2011) were used to present and analyse data from focus group discussions with ‘A’ level physics students and interviews with the physics teachers. The major finding from the analysis of quantitative data was that there was no association between the grades obtained by the student from DAPS as compared to IAPS for the same practical work activity as the value of r was found to be very low. This implied that passing practical work through the assessment of practical work report did not necessarily mean that the student could have mastered the basic skills of manipulation, designing, observation and planning. The views of physics teachers and students who participated in the study were that, the current method of practical work assessment used by Zimsec is not relevant in encouraging students to develop a variety of practical work skills as students concentrated on mastering presentation and analysis skills in order to pass practical work examinations. The study recommends that an alternative model of practical work assessment that integrates both DAPS and IAPS should be used to ensure valid and reliable assessment of practical work skills of ‘A’ level physics students. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Didactics)

Les capteurs monolithiques actifs à pixels (Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors, MAPS) sont de bons candidats pour être utilisés dans des expériences en Physique des Hautes Énergies (PHE) pour la détection des particules chargées. Dans les applications en PHE, des puces MAPS sont placées dans le voisinage immédiat du point d’interaction et sont directement exposées au rayonnement intense de leur environnement. Dans cette thèse, nous avons étudié et amélioré la résistance aux radiations des MAPS. Les effets principaux de l’irradiation et le progrès de la recherche sur les MAPS sont étudiés tout d'abord. Nous avons constaté que les cœurs des SRAM IP incorporées dans la puce MAPS limitent sensiblement la tolérance aux radiations de la puce MAPS entière. Aussi, pour améliorer la radiorésistance des MAPS, trois mémoires radiorésistantes sont conçues et évaluées pour les expériences en PHE. Pour remplacer les cœurs des IP SRAM, une SRAM radiorésistante est développée sur une petite surface. Pour les procédés de plus petit taille de grille des transistors, dans lequel les effets SEU (Single Event Upset) deviennent significatifs, une SRAM radiorésistante avec une tolérance SEU accrue est réalisée à l’aide d’un algorithme de détection et de correction d'erreurs (Error Detection And Correction, EDAC) et un stockage entrelacé des bits. Afin d'obtenir une tolérance aux rayonnements et une densité de micro-circuits plus élevées, une mémoire à double accès avec une cellule à 2 transistors originale est développée et évaluée pour des puces MAPS futures. Enfin, la radiorésistance des puces MAPS avec des nouveaux procédés disponibles est étudiée, et les travaux futurs sont proposés. / Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) are good candidates to be used in High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments for charged particle detection. In the HEP applications, MAPS chips are placed very close to the interaction point and are directly exposed to harsh environmental radiation. This thesis focuses on the study and improvement of the MAPS radiation hardness. The main radiation effects and the research progress of MAPS are studied firstly. During the study, the SRAM IP cores built in MAPS are found limiting the radiation hardness of the whole MAPS chips. Consequently, in order to improve the radiation hardness of MAPS, three radiation hard memories are designed and evaluated for the HEP experiments. In order to replace the SRAM IP cores, a radiation hard SRAM is developed on a very limited area. For smaller feature size processes, in which the single event upset (SEU) effects get significant, a radiation hard SRAM with enhanced SEU tolerance is implemented by an error detection and correction algorithm and a bit-interleaving storage. In order to obtain higher radiation tolerance and higher circuitry density, a dual-port memory with an original 2-transistor cell is developed and evaluated for future MAPS chips. Finally, the radiation hardness of the MAPS chips using new available processes is studied, and the future works are prospected.