Orientador: Alberto Luiz Serpa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T13:10:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TinocoNavarro_HectorAndres_M.pdf: 12075431 bytes, checksum: cab5c2f419dac7a4f94391f21804ed8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um estudo numérico e experimental com o objetivo de compreender os efeitos da descolagem nos sinais elétricos obtidos por meio de sensores piezelétricos. Na análise numérica, os deslocamentos do sistema acoplado estrutura-adesivosensor foram representados em equações diferenciais para os casos estático e dinâmico. Os sinais elétricos emitidos pelos sensores foram determinados pelos deslocamentos para diferentes parâmetros geométricos da interface adesiva. Os resultados numéricos mostram que as propriedades geométricas da interface adesiva modificam as condições de deformação entre o sensor e a estrutura. Também, foi proposto um sensor com três eletrodos com o qual foram estabelecidas relações de força. As relações de força mostraram que as propriedades do adesivo podem diminuir as forças nos extremos do sensor e assim evitar descolagem. As simulações de descolagem do sensor foram realizadas com o aplicativo computacional COMSOL. As soluções numéricas dinâmicas indicaram que um sensor descolado gera menor potência elétrica que um sensor completamente colado. Isto foi comprovado experimentalmente em três casos e os resultados experimentais concordaram com os resultados teóricos. Este estudo demonstrou que a descolagem parcial não pode ser considerada uma falha de adesão, já que o sensor pode emitir sinais elétricos quando o sensor está descolado. Também foi demonstrado que a descolagem afeta o rendimento elétrico dos sensores / Abstract: In this investigation it was developed a numerical and experimental study with the aim to understand the debonding effects on electrical signatures obtained by means of piezoelectric sensors. In the numerical analysis, the displacements of the coupled system structure-adhesivesensor were represented by differential equations for static and dynamic cases. Electrical signatures emitted by sensors were determined through the displacements for different geometric parameters of the adhesive interface. Numerical results show that geometric properties of the adhesive interface modify the deformation conditions between the sensor and the structure. Also, a sensor was proposed with three electrodes in which were established force relations between each electrode. Force relations shown that the properties of adhesive can diminish the forces in the end of the sensor avoiding debonding. Simulations of debonding of the sensor were carried out with COMSOL software. Dynamic numerical solutions indicate that debonded sensor generates electric power lower than a sensor completely bonded. This was proved experimentaly in three cases and the experimental results presented good agreement. This study demonstrated that the partial debonding cannot be considered as a fail by adhesion, since the sensor can emit electrical signatures when it is partially debonded. Also it was demonstrated that the debonding of the sensor affects electric performance / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Orientadores: Francisco José Arnold, Rangel Arthur / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Tecnologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T20:53:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ximenes_RodrigoLuiz_M.pdf: 1709801 bytes, checksum: 3d8b8086551025bf630aa238baf7d7c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A medição da impedância elétrica em transdutores piezelétricos é um procedimento fundamental para a caracterização desses dispositivos. A larga variação do módulo da impedância elétrica ao longo da frequência representa uma dificuldade para a realização dessas medições. Neste trabalho é apresentado o protótipo de um medidor de impedâncias elétricas de transdutores de ultrassom utilizados em aplicações de potência elevada. O sistema opera baseado na captação dos valores de pico de tensão e corrente sob uma faixa de frequência de utilização dos transdutores. O protótipo é controlado por um microcontrolador que se comunica com um computador no qual um software, desenvolvido em LabView, armazena e mostra resultados numa interface. A validação do medidor de impedâncias foi feita pela comparação de resultados experimentais com os medidos por um analisador de impedâncias comercial. Os resultados mostram que o sistema proposto pode medir impedâncias entre 100 W e 10 kW, aproximadamente, numa faixa de frequências de até 43 kHz / Abstract: The measurement of electrical impedance of piezoelectric transducers is a fundamental procedure for the characterization of these devices. The large variation in the electrical impedance module over frequency is a difficulty to carry out these measurements. This dissertation presents the prototype of a meter electrical impedance of ultrasound transducers used in high power applications. The system operates based on the capture of peak voltage and current values of the transducers in a usage frequency band. The prototype is controlled by a microcontroller that communicates with a computer on which a software, developed in LabView, stores and displays the results in an user interface. The validation of the impedance meter was made by comparison with the experimental results measured by a commercial impedance analyzer. The results show that the proposed system can measure impedances between 10 W and 10 kW at frequencies up to 43 kHz / Mestrado / Tecnologia e Inovação / Mestre em Tecnologia

No description available.

In this thesis we use a new numerical code, based upon a mixed FEM-Runge-Kutta method, for the analysis and the design of plane 2-dimensional smart structures. We applied the developed code to the study of arbitrarily shaped piezo-electromechanical (PEM) plates. This code is based on a weak formulation of their governing equations as found in [18]. The optimal parameters needed to synthesize the appropriate electric networks are computed, and the overall performances of such plates are investigated. In particular, two examples are studied: firstly, a simple case is used to test the main features of the code; secondly, a more complex PEM plate is designed and analyzed by means of the proposed numerical approach. / Master of Science

In this work passive piezoelectric devices for vibration damping are studied. It is developed the basic idea of synthesizing electrical wave guides to obtain an optimal electro-mechanical energy exchange and therefore to dissipate the mechanical vibrational energy in the electric form. Modular PiezoElectroMechanical (PEM) structures are constituted by continuous elastic beams (or bars) coupled, by means of an array of PZT transducers, to lumped dissipative electric networks. Both refined and homogenized models of those periodic systems are derived by an energetic approach based on the principle of virtual powers. Weak and strong formulation of the dynamical problem are presented having in mind future studies involving the determination of numerical solutions. In this framework the effectiveness of the proposed devices for the suppression of mechanical vibrations is investigated by a wave approach, considering both the extensional and flexural oscillations. The optimal values of the electric parameters for a fixed network topology are derived analytically by a pole placement technique. Their sensitivities on the dimensions of the basic cell of the periodic system and on the design frequency are studied. Moreover the dependence of damping performances on the frequency is analyzed. Comparing the performances of different network topological configurations, the advantages of controlling a mechanical structure with an electric analog are shown. As a consequence of those results, new interconnections of PZT transducers are proposed. An experimental setup for the validation of the analytical and numerical results is proposed and tested. A classical experience on resonant shunted PZT is reproduced. Future experimental work is programmed. / Master of Science

No description available.

In this thesis a piezo-electro-mechanical system, constituted of an aluminum beam with five piezoelectric patches glued on it, each of them shunted with an RL electrical circuit, has been numerically and experimentally investigated, in order to determine the optimal electric tuning parameters for vibration damping. A numerical code based upon Galerkin weighted-residual method is developed and the complete piezo-electro-mechanical system is designed, realized and finally tested by a standard modal testing technique. Comparisons between different shunting configurations of the system are given and finally the experimental data are compared with ones obtained by the developed numerical code in order to verify the accuracy of the latter. / Master of Science

Les systèmes SHM (Structural Health Monitoring) basés sur la propagation d’ondes ultrasonores guidées sont utilisés pour des structures de grandes dimensions, par exemple dans les secteurs de l’aéronautique ou du génie civil. Les ondes de Lamb ou SH sont généralement employées car elles se propagent sur de longues distances dans des structures planes tout en sondant l’épaisseur des pièces. Cependant, des modes moins conventionnels se propagent dans les guides d’ondes de section droite finie, tels que les barreaux, les rails ou les tuyaux. Le nombre de modes peut être très élevé dans ce type de guide, et il est important de bien sélectionner un mode particulier.Les méthodes actuelles de sélectivité modale, basées sur l’emploi de plusieurs émetteurs,considèrent habituellement des éléments PZT identiques (même sensibilité, même réponse en fréquence...) et ne prennent pas en compte les conditions réelles de montage et leurs éventuelles imperfections (couplage variable entre traducteurs, mauvais alignement, différence de réponse de l’électronique...). Ce travail présente une méthodologie générale pour la sélectivité modale dans des guides à section droite finie, à l’aide de plusieurs éléments piézoélectriques disposés à leur surface. Cette sélectivité est basée sur la mesure expérimentale préalable, à l’aide d’un vibromètre laser 3D, des amplitudes des modes générés par chaque élément excité individuellement.Une procédure d’optimisation permet d’inverser le problème afin de maximiser l’amplitude du mode désiré, alors obtenue en excitant simultanément tous les émetteurs. Le problème à inverser requiert la connaissance des courbes de dispersion ainsi que des déformées modales des modes,obtenues en utilisant la méthode SAFE 2D. La méthodologie est testée à travers des simulations numériques et des mesures expérimentales sur un barreau d’aluminium de section rectangulaire instrumenté avec huit éléments PZT à sa surface. L’efficacité de la méthode pour générer différents modes purs, mais aussi pour détecter et localiser des défauts calibrés, est démontrée sur le barreau d’aluminium. Son fort potentiel pour des applications de SHM de structures plus complexes est étudié, tels qu’un rail ou un assemblage collé de matériaux composites. / SHM systems (Structural Health Monitoring) based on ultrasonic guided waves propagation are used for large structures, e.g. in Aerospace or Civil Engineering. Lamb or SH waves are usually employed as they propagate over long distances in plate-like structures while probing the entire thickness. However less conventional modes propagate in wave guides with finite crosssection,such as bars, rails or pipes. The number of modes can be very high even at low frequencyin this type of guide, and it is important to carefully select a specific mode. Current methods for modal selectivity, based on the use of several emitters, usually consider identical PZT elements(same sensitivity, same frequency response, etc.) and do not account for real experimental conditions and possible differences (variable coupling between transducers, flawed alignment,variable electronic response, etc.). This work presents a global methodology for modal selectivity in waveguides with finite cross-section, using several piezoelectric elements attached to their surface. This selectivity is based on experimental measurements, with a 3D laser vibrometer,of the amplitudes of the modes generated by each emitter. An optimization process allows to inverse the problem in order to maximize the amplitude of the desired mode, then generated by exciting all the emitters at once. This process requires knowing dispersion curves as well as the displacements of the various modes, calculated with SAFE 2D method. The methodology is tested through numerical simulations and experiments on an aluminium rectangular bar instrumented with 8 PZT elements on top. The method efficiency to generate different pure modes,and to detect and locate calibrated defects, is demonstrated for the aluminium bar. Its potential for SHM application of more complex structures is studied, like a rail or an adhesively bonded composite structure.

The ability to reduce flexural vibrations of lightweight structures has been a goal for many researchers. A type of transducer-controller system that accomplishes this is a piezoelectric patch connected to an electrical impedance, or shunt. The piezoelectric patch converts the vibrational strain energy of the structure to which it is bonded into electrical energy. This converted electrical energy is then modified by the shunt to influence to mechanical response. There are many types of shunt circuits which have demonstrated effective control of flexural systems. Of interest in this work is the negative capacitance shunt, which has been shown to produce significant reduction in vibration over a broad frequency range. A negative capacitance circuit produces a current that is 180̊ out of phase from a traditional, passive capacitor. In other words, the voltage of the capacitor decreases as charge is added. The negative capacitance shunt consists of a resistor and an active negative capacitance element. By adding a resistor and negative capacitor to the electrical domain, the shunt acts as a damper and negative spring in the mechanical domain. The performance of the negative capacitance shunt can be increased through proper selection of the shunt's electrical components. Three aspects of component selection are investigated: shunt efficiency, maximum suppression, and stability. First, through electrical modeling of the shunt-patch system, the components can be chosen to increase the efficiency of the shunt for a given impedance. Second, a method is developed that could be utilized to adaptively tune the magnitude of resistance and negative capacitance for maximum control at a given frequency. Third, with regard to stability, as the control gain of the circuit is increased, by adjusting the circuit parameters, there is a point when the shunt will become unstable. A method to predict the stability of the shunt is developed to aid in suppression prediction. The negative capacitance shunt is also combined with a periodic piezoelectric patch array to modify the propagating wave behavior of a vibrating structure. A finite element method is utilized to create models to predict both the propagation constant, which characterizes the reduction in propagating waves, and the velocity frequency response of a full system. Analytical predictions are verified with experimental results for both a 1- and 2-D periodic array. Results show significant attenuation can be achieved with a negative capacitance shunt applied to a piezoelectric patch array. Three electromechanical aspects are developed: design for maximum suppression, more accurate stability prediction, and increased power-output efficiency. First, a method is developed that may be used to adaptively tune the magnitude of resistance and negative capacitance for maximum suppression. Second, with regard to stability, a method is developed to predict the circuit components at which the circuit will obtain a stable output. Third, through electrical modeling of the shunt-patch system, the components are chosen to increase the power output efficiency of the shunt circuit for a given impedance. The negative capacitance shunt is also combined with a periodic piezoelectric patch array to modify the propagating wave behavior of a vibrating structure. Analytical predictions are verified with experimental results for both a 1- and 2-D periodic array. Results show significant attenuation can be achieved with a negative capacitance shunt applied to a piezoelectric patch array.

The goal of this project was to develop a wind generator that utilizes the collective oscillating motion of multiple piezoelectric devices. These devices would be an alternative to rotating turbine designs for low power generation, for use in applications such as remote power generation. A series of inexpensive devices were developed that harvested energy from vortex shedding, both as independent and cooperative devices. The behavior of single devices was studied, but more interestingly, the way that multiple devices arranged together can increase power output was studied. It was shown that individual devices could harvest more energy if they were placed as specific positions relative to the vortices shed by devices upstream. Through investigating the behavior of these devices, fundamental principles of the phenomenon of vortex induced vibrations were explored. Methods were developed to measure the amplitude and frequency of these vibrations in a wind tunnel, through high speed video and correlations that were found between oscillation and power output from the piezoelectric transducers. Similarly, vortex induced vibrations were explored in an approximation of a two dimensional system in a flowing soap film.