Målet med denne undersøkelsen var å belyse ulike oppfatninger og forholdningsett som lærere kan ha om informasjons og kommunikasjons teknologi (IKT) og samfunnet. Undersøkelsen har også hatt som mål å finne ut hva den nasjonale satsningen praktisk IT och mediekompetanse (PIM) har betydd for lærere i Malmö. Metodene for å besvare disse spørsmålene har vært enkäter der 45 lærere gav svar og intervjuer av 4 lærere som jobber fra årskurs 1-5. Denne undersøkelsen har vist at for mange av lærerne har det tekniske aspektet ved PIM vært viktig og at lærere som før PIM var veldig interessert i data og digital teknologi har PIM ikke påvirket innstillingen til IKT. Flere av lærerne gir uttryk for at det er vanskelig å vite hva de skal lære sine elever i en IKT sammenheng. At skolen skal være en motkultur til det teknologiske samfunnet var et av forholdningsettene som kom fram i denne undersøkelsen.

In response to the ever-increasing global energy demand and the need to move away from non-renewable and CO2-emitting fossil fuels as the primary energy production method, renewable energy sources have become more and more viable as energy production methods. However, given the unreliable and instantaneous nature of these energy sources, reliable, renewable energy storage methods are required. Hydrogen is an excellent candidate as a chemical energy store, as it is highly abundant, relatively easily produced as diatomic hydrogen (including from water electrolysis), and only produces water upon its complete combustion. Hydrogen also has the highest gravimetric energy density of any known chemical fuel, meaning that not very much of it is required relative to other chemical fuels. However, hydrogen gas is incredibly sparse, and therefore hydrogen has a very low volumetric energy density, making storage of the material a key challenge in the development of the so-called “hydrogen economy”. Most commonly, hydrogen is stored by compressing it to 70 MPa. However, this technique has a number of flaws, including the high expense of strong tanks (and in the case of light duty vehicles, lightweight materials are also required), and the inherent safety risks that high pressure, highly flammable gas poses. One of the alternatives to compression is to store hydrogen by adsorption, which uses high surface area materials to densify hydrogen via the formation of weak physical bonds. This research line is well developed, and a number of different materials has been created that show good potential as hydrogen storage materials, such as activated carbons and metal organic frameworks. However, the vast majority of materials developed for this purpose are tailored only with the hydrogen uptake in mind, which can cause issues as the focus of development shifts from small scale tests to full tank scale. One adsorptive that shows a number of highly useful engineering properties on the large scale, such as good thermal resistance and solution processability, is the polymer of intrinsic microporosity PIM-1. This material can be processed into a number of morphologies without losing porosity, and shows good thermal and mechanical resistance. However, its adsorption capacity is rather limited, with the BET surface area generally reported in the 700 – 800 m2 g-1 range, and hydrogen uptake of 1.45 wt% at 77 K and 1 MPa. This thesis presents two separate studies on attempting to improve the hydrogen uptake of PIM-1 without adversely affecting the material properties that make it attractive. The first of these was the creation of mixed-matrix-membrane style composite films solution cast from PIM-1 and the metal organic framework MIL-101. PIM-1 proved slightly difficult to synthesise consistently with high molecular weight, but MIL-101 is an easy hydrothermal synthesis. Film casting was successfully performed, producing flat, homogeneous films that maintained the MOF crystallinity. These materials were tested for their thermal properties – thermal decompositions proceeded according to the rule of mixtures of the two starting materials, whilst an increasing concentration of MOF was shown to decrease the specific heat capacity. Both PIM-1 and MIL-101 were shown to adsorb nitrogen as previously reported. The composites showed increasing uptake with MIL-101 content, but at a lower rate than the rule of mixtures. This was a common theme for the N2 (77 K), CO2 (293 K) and low pressure H2 isotherms performed. High pressure isotherms up to 17 MPa were performed on PIM-1 for the first time, showing a maximum excess uptake of 1.8 wt% on the powder and 1.6 wt% on the film, both at 77 K. The composites showed improved uptake with increasing MIL-101, but the maximum uptakes did not meet the rule of mixtures. The uptakes at the highest pressure did, however. Multiple temperature isotherm sets were performed on the PIM-1 film and powder, as well as the 30 wt% composite. These data sets were hampered largely by machine faults, but contained sufficient valuable data to be able to proceed with parameter fitting. The sensitivity of the isotherms produced in this study to the value of skeletal density is also examined closely. The second theme of improved H2 uptake in PIM-1 was to carbonise the material. TGA studies on PIM-1 showed good thermal stability in anoxic conditions, and TGA twinned with mass spectroscopy was able to confirm a previously proposed mechanism of thermal decomposition. Carbonised and activated PIM-1 film samples, and a carbonised powder, were produced using physical activation methods. The adsorption performance of the carbons was disappointing, as the uptakes of N2 and H2 (< 0.1 MPa) were reduced post-carbonisation, with little recovery in the activated film. CO2 uptakes were improved, however. High pressure H2 isotherms on both the carbonised and activated films showed unusual ‘stepping’ behaviour in the adsorption curve, but maximum uptakes for both (1.0 – 1.3 wt%) were less than that seen for PIM-1 alone. Parameter fitting was performed on all of the high pressure H2 isotherms performed in this study, using a method previously proposed by the Mays group. The parameter fits all showed effective hydrogen densification in the adsorbate layer, although the repeatability of parameter values, and the smoothness of the parameters as a function of temperature were undermined by the low quality of some of the isotherms. Using the parameters acquired, it was possible to calculate the isosteric enthalpy of adsorption for PIM-1 powder (-9.5 kJ mol-1), film (- 8.0 kJ mol-1) and the 30 wt% composite (-9.3 kJ mol-1). The stored and deliverable hydrogen contained within tanks featuring the tested materials were estimated, although only the MIL-101 powder on its own competes with other hydrogen storage adsorbents currently reported.

PIM ¡]Processor-in-Memory¡^ architectures have been proposed in recent years for the purpose of reducing performance gap between processor and memory. This new class of computer architectures attempts to integrate processor and memory on a single one chip¡CWe proposed a new transformation and parallelizing system named SAGE ¡]Statement Analysis Group Evaluation¡^to fully utilize the host processor and memory processors in PIM systems. In this thesis, we focus on designing a load-balance optimization mechanism for the job scheduling. The experimental results of this mechanism are also discussed.

This work analysis model transformation problems in Model Driven Architecture (MDA). MDA is an architecture created by Object Management Group (OMG). MDA separates business and application logic from underlying platform technology. Platform-independent models of an application or system can be realized through the MDA on any platform. The most important MDA problem is a transformation between plarform-independent models (PIM) and platform specific models (PSM). Currently, there is no standard language for these transformations. Purpose of this work is to analize possible transformations. Two technologies will be researched: XSLT and QVT XSLT (Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations) is a language for transforming XML documents into other XML documents. QVT (Queries/Views/Transformations) is a language for transforming models in MDA architecture. Aggregation systems will be used as models for transformations. Platform-independent model of aggregation system will be created and transformed to Java platform models using XSLT and QVT transformations.

Diploma thesis describes sports marketing in general and the analysis of PIM races and spectator's expectations and satisfaction. It includes analysis of university student segment marketing potential as well.

In this work, I characterized a series of potential application kernels using a set of architectural and non-architectural metrics, and performed a comparison of four different alternatives for processing-in-memory cores (PIMs): ARM cores, GPGPUs, coarse-grained reconfigurable dataflow (DF-PIM), and a domain specific architecture using SIMD PIM engine consisting of a series of multiply-accumulate circuits (MACs). For each PIM alternative I investigated how performance and energy efficiency changes with respect to a series of system parameters, such as memory bandwidth and latency, number of PIM cores, DVFS states, cache architecture, etc. In addition, I compared the PIM core choices for a subset of applications and discussed how the application characteristics correlate to the achieved performance and energy efficiency. Furthermore, I compared the PIM alternatives to a host-centric solution that uses a traditional server-class CPU core or PIM-like cores acting as host-side accelerators instead of being part of 3D-stacked memories. Such insights can expose the achievable performance limits and shortcomings of certain PIM designs and show sensitivity to a series of system parameters (available memory bandwidth, application latency and bandwidth sensitivity, etc.). In addition, identifying the common application characteristics for PIM kernels provides opportunity to identify similar types of computation patterns in other applications and allows us to create a set of applications which can then be used as benchmarks for evaluating future PIM design alternatives.

This research aimed to unite virtues of intrinsically microporous polyimides (PIM-PIs) and thermally treated polymers to develop advanced high-performance membranes with not only high permeability and high selectivity, but mechanical resilience, thermal and chemical stability, and plasticization resistance. Recent research showed that thermal treatment of polymers below or above their degradation temperatures is a potential avenue for improving gas transport properties. Thermally rearranged (TR), thermally crosslinked, or carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes have demonstrated promising results in addressing some pressing challenges of gas separation membranes such as chemical stability and plasticization resistance. However, the thermal treatment of PIM-PIs is scarcely studied, and its effect on gas transport properties still remains vague. This Ph.D. work started by investigating the solid-state conversion of PIM-PIs into heterocyclic ring systems upon heat treatment. The PIM-PIs containing functional hydroxyl- and cyano-groups were thermally treated to derive two types of cyclisation systems – conventional polybenzoxazole (PBO) and novel isoindoloquinazolinedione (IQD). Compared to the PIM-PI derived PBO, the novel solid-state conversion of intrinsically microporous cyanoimides into IQD favorably enhanced ultramicropores with up to 80% increase in gas permeability without an expense of gas-pair selectivity. Furthermore, by studying the thermal treatment of non-functionalized and functionalized 6FDA-based polymers a long-neglected contribution of fluorine to the formation of micropores was revealed. It was concluded that the heat treatment induced a continuous fluorine release at 450 °C – crosslinking polymer chains and increasing free volume accessible for gas transport. Finally, for the first time, a hydroxyl-functionalized PIM-PI, 6FDA-HTB, was heat treated by stepwise temperature increase from below, to near and above its degradation temperature to form TR, intermediate and early-stage CMS membranes. This study provided valuable insights on the correlation between the ultra- and micropore development and gas transport properties in PIM-PIs as a function of treatment temperature. Compared to the precursor, the intermediate stage membranes possessed 20-30 times higher CO2 permeability with equivalent CO2/CH4 selectivity. Also, intermediate and early-stage carbon derivatives of 6FDA-HTB exhibited an outstanding 1:1 CO2/CH4 mixed-gas separation results well transcending the 2018 mixed-gas upper bound line. These results deemed further investigation of intermediate stage membranes attractive.

Drug Interactions and potentially inappropriate medications at an oncology ward Objectives: this study aimed to quantify the prevalence of clinically significant interactions and potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use through involving a pharmacist among the cancer patients at an oncology ward and an oncology day- unit. Materials and Methods: Prospective study in patients taking more than 5 drugs who had been admitted to Harzklinikum, Wernigerode, Germany between August 2016 and February 2017. The pharmacist conducts a complete comprehensive medication review including over-the-counter drugs and herbal medications. Besides, she took into consideration the intake of grapefruit juice. This information together with the information in the patient's medical history permits identifying critical drug-drug interactions using the mediQ interaction analysis program as well as PIMs using the Beers, Forta, Priscus and STOPP lists. Results: One hundred and eighty-five cancer patients (mean age ± SD = 70 ± 11 years) were included in the study. The interaction analysis program identified 177 potentially interactions. These interactions were evaluated by the pharmacist and 34 interactions for 31 patients (17 %) were considered clinically significant or critical. After the pharmacist interventions, these interactions were resolved in 51 percent. 123 patients aged over 65 years old were enrolled in the study for PIM. By using the four lists (Beers, Forta, Priscus, STOPP) 52 PIMs at 41 elderly persons (33%) were identifies. 11 recommendations in 10 elderly patients (8 %) were made by the pharmacist and result in 55 % of the cases in a prescription change. Conclusion: the use of an interaction analysis program and the lists of inappropriate medications allowed the pharmacist to identify clinically relevant interactions and PIMs and result in prescription change in agreement with the oncologist.

Nos travaux ont permis d’étudier différents aspects des interactions hôte-pathogènes. L’étude de différents Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR) autres que les TLR, ainsi que leurs associations a mis en évidence une redondance partielle entre les récepteurs des familles des Scavenger Receptors, lectines de type C et EMR1 in vitro et in vivo dans l’induction de la réponse immunitaire à Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cette compensation entre les récepteurs contraste avec les rôles indépendants et non redondants des cytokines et de leurs voies associées comme le TNF, l’IL-1R1, L’IFNγR et MyD88, indispensables pour le contrôle de l’infection. Grâce à l’utilisation de nouvelles souris génétiquement modifiées, nous avons pu montrer un rôle minime de la lymphotoxine α dans le contrôle de l’infection par Mycobacterium tuberculosis contrairement au rôle primordial du TNF. Enfin, notre étude s’est poursuivie avec l’analyse de la modulation de la réponse immunitaire de l’hôte par des composants de la paroi des mycobactéries, les PIM. L’élaboration de PIM synthétiques a permis de montrer que ces molécules de faibles poids moléculaires inhibent l’induction des voies TLR4 et TLR2 et possèdent ainsi un potentiel anti-inflammatoire thérapeutique. / In these study, we aimed to investigate different aspects of the host-pathogen interactions. We investigated the involvement of various Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR) other than TLR, and their associations for the control of M. tuberculosis infection. We highlighted a partial redundancy between members of the Scavenger Receptors family, C-type lectins and EMR1 in response to mycobacteria in vitro and in vivo. This is in sharp contrast with the cytokine pathways like TNF, IL-1R1, IFNγR and MyD88, essentials to control M. tuberculosis infection and which cannot compensate with each other. By using new genetically deficient mice, we showed a limited role for the lymphotoxin α in the control of the infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in contrast with the vital role for TNF. Finally, we analysed the modulation of the immune response by mycobacterial cell wall components, PIM. Use of synthetic PIM demonstrated that these small molecules exert an inhibitory activity on TLR4- and TLR2-signaling pathways and may have a therapeutic anti-inflammatory potential.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:53:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO SYLVANIO.pdf: 564476 bytes, checksum: 7c9b5f89a3083023e59a9597d6bf4d45 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-28 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / As indústrias do PIM, pela sua natureza são intensivas em capital, e por conta disto tem investido algumas somas de recursos em novas tecnologias na tentativa de ampliar o seu mercado nacional e internacional. Nesses mercados, algumas empresas, nos últimos anos, têm internacionalizado parcela considerável de sua produção em mercado latino-americano e americano. A produção eletroeletrônica e de transporte de duas rodas (motocicletas) têm predominado na pauta de exportação. Por conta dessa abertura de comércio justifica-se diagnosticar a sua repercussão no esforço de exportação, na demanda por mão-de-obra qualificada e em investimento no segmento de motocicletas do Pólo Industrial de Manaus. Em termos específicos: a) dimensionar o volume de capital investido em máquinas e equipamentos; b) Analisar o nível de instrução da demanda de trabalho; e c) estudar o comportamento do preço final de produtos de maior penetração no mercado internacional e seu quantum por market-share. O marco teórico pauta-se nas principais explicações sobre a importância do comércio internacional para o desenvolvimento de países emergentes, subsidiadas pelas teorias mais importantes que embasam o comércio internacional em qualquer dimensão especial. Nesta perspectiva cuida-se de exemplificar alguns traços da História Econômica de alguns países desenvolvidos e emergentes, ressaltando, principalmente, o crescimento de suas exportações como fator decisivo para o alcance do desenvolvimento econômico. O Método Analítico baseia-se na tentativa de estabelecer uma correlação entre reestruturação produtiva e o crescimento das exportações, a partir do comportamento evolutivo das exportações. Essa análise leva a exprimir o estado gravitacional do destino das exportações. Os resultados mostram que o crescimento do volume de exportação está associado a uma combinação de fatores de ordem econômica e institucional. No plano econômico, além da abertura econômica, o fator fundamental foi a ampliação dos investimentos em máquinas e equipamentos, contratação de trabalho com acúmulo de 11 anos de estudos, de modo que possibilitou o lançamento de novos produtos com maior intensidade tecnológica capazes de competir no mercado. Esse esforço exportador convergiu com a demanda originária de países próximos ao Amazonas, ou seja, por conta do efeito gravitacional prevaleceu na pauta de exportação da indústria de duas rodas países da América Latina tais como: Argentina, Colômbia, Peru, Venezuela, e na América do Norte, sobressai os Estados Unidos. No plano institucional foram importantes os programas de estímulo as exportações do Governo Federal e a desburocratização. Conclui-se que o crescimento das exportações da indústria de duas rodas no âmbito da abertura do mercado brasileiro tem forte correlação com a intensidade de investimento em capital, ampliação da plantas de produção, demanda de mão-de-obra com maiores níveis de escolaridade, enfim, o crescimento do próprio mercado internacional.