The usefulness of RAPDs (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) to distinguish among different taxa of Lotus was evaluated. The following species were included: L. corniculatus, L. tenuis, L. alpinus, L. japonicus, and L. uliginosus. Several accessions for each species were studied. Following DNA extraction, amplification reactions were performed in a Hybaid DNA Thermal Cycler, and the product visualized according to a standard procedure. Twenty primers were used for each species/accession. Clear bands and several polymorphisms were obtained for all primers. A phenogram was drawn based on the genetic distance among the species. L. alpinus appears as the most distant species from L. corniculatus, followed by L. uliginosus, L. tenuis, and L. japonicus. With the exception of L. alpinus, these findings are in agreement with previous experimental studies in the L. corniculatus group. The use of a greater number of primers and increased number of species may provide a greater resolution of the systematics of these taxa.

Orientador: Angela Borges Martins / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T21:56:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Seco_RitaCristina_M.pdf: 6980212 bytes, checksum: c335827d1f4a0e87f01c919864713310 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: o gênero Comolia DC. (Melastomataceae, Melastomeae), caracterizado por suas espécies com flores tetrâmeras, ovários 2-4-1oculares, estames glabros com conectivos prolongados e apendiculados e sementes cocleadas, ocorre na América do Sul, sendo encontrado no Brasil, na Colômbia, Venezuela, Guianas e Suriname. É no Brasil, onde só não está representado na Região Sul, que este gênero apresenta maior número de espécies, tendo em vista que, das 17 conhecidas até o momento (e aceitas neste estudo), 11 ocorrem aqui e 6 são endêmicas no país. No território nacional, as espécies de Como lia encontram-se distribuídas no cerrado, inclusive em seus campos rupestres, em áreas de restinga e nas savanas arenosas da Região Norte. Contudo, desde o mal do século XIX, Comolia nunca mais foi amplamente estudado no país. Sendo assim, foi realizado um estudo taxônomico das espécies de Comolia representadas no Brasil, baseado, fundamentalmente, em materiais herborizados. As espécies foram descritas, acompanhadas das respectivas ilustrações, a nomenclatura e a distribuição geográfica foram devidamente atualizadas, quando se fez necessário, as sementes foram analisadas através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e uma chave de identificação foi elaborada. Partindo-se de 40 binômios validamente publicados para os táxons deste gênero ocorrentes no Brasil, onze espécies foram aceitas. São apresentados cinco sinônimos novos e uma nova ocorrência para o Brasil. Não foram adotadas neste trabalho as divisões infragenéricas propostas por autores anteriores, assim como nenhuma categoria infraespecífica foi admitida / Abstract: The genus Comolia DC. (Melastomtaceae, Melastomeae) is characterized by plants with 4-merous flowers, 2(3)-4- locular ovary, stamens with prolonged appendiculate connective and cochleate seeds. The species of this South American genus are found in Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas and Suriname, showing most diversity in Brazil. From the 20 species here accepted, 11 occur in the country and 7 are endemic to Brazil. However, since the end ofthe 19th century, no revision of the Brazilian species of Comolia was done. The taxonomic study of the species of Comolia represented in Brazil, was based, fundamentally, on herbarium material. The species were described and illustrated, the nomenclature and geographic distribution were updated where it was required, seeds were analyzed through electronic microscopy and a key for the species was created. From 40 validly published names, 11 species were accepted. Five new synonyms and a new occurrence for Brazil were established. / Mestrado / Biologia Vegetal / Mestre em Biologia Vegetal

Orientadores: Angela Borges Martins, Peter Warren Fritsch, Frank Almeda / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T23:06:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AranhaFilho_JoaoLuizMazza_M.pdf: 8057178 bytes, checksum: 24491707aa0befe38ff00401e40b11da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: o presente estudo consiste de uma revisão taxonômica de Symplocos Jacq., seção Neosymplocos Brand (Symplocaceae). Esta seção, praticamente endêmica do Brasil (regiões sul e sudeste), compreende 12 espécies principalmente distribuídas na Mata Atlântica em altitude elevada, além de 3 espécies que ocorrem em campo rupestre. Todo estudo foi baseado em trabalho de campo, material herborizado, espécimes conservados em álcool e fotografias. Além disso, um estudo palinológico das espécies morfologicamente androdióicas de Symplocos, subgênero Epigenia (Vell.) Brand, seção Barberina (Vell.) A.De. foi feito. O pólen foi obtido de exsicatas e de indivíduos no campo. Posteriormente, foi tratado com ouro e observado em microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Em todas as amostras estudadas, com exceção de uma, o pólen oriundo dos indivíduos hermafroditas são deformados e, aparentemente, sem citoplasma. Por outro lado, o pólen proveniente dos indivíduos masculinos são bem formados e com citoplasma. Por conseguinte, se conclui que as populações da seção Barberina são funcionalmente dióicas. O espécime com o pólen da flor bissexual bem formado pertence à Symplocos crenata do Distrito Federal. Mais estudos envolvendo este táxon seria importante para se constatar a androdioicia em Symplocos / Abstract: A taxonomic revision of Symplocos section Neosymplocos Brand (Symploca, presented. This section, nearly endemic to Brazil (southem and southeastem regions), cc 12 species, most of which dwell in highland Mata Atlântica and three in "campo rupestl study was based on field observation, dried and a1cohol-preserved specimens, and phot( images. In addition, a pollen study of the morphologically androdioecious species of Sy, subgenus Epigenia (Vell.) Brand section Barberina (Vell.) A.DC. was performed. Materi obtained from dried specimens and the field. They were treated with gold and analyz scanning electronic microscopy. In ali samples studied except one, the pollen fi morphologically hermaphrodite individuaIs was deformed and apparently lack cy1 whereas the pollen from morphologically mal e specimens was well formed and c( cytoplasm. From this it is conc1uded that populations of section Barberina are func dioecious. The specimen with functional hermaphrodite pollen belongs to Symplocos from Distrito Federal. More intensive sampling of populations in this species would further insight into the possibility of functional androdioecy in Symplocos / Mestrado / Biologia Vegetal / Mestre em Biologia Vegetal

Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Orientador: Pedro Luís Rodrigues de Moraes / Banca: João Batista Baitello / Banca: Flávio Macedo Alves / Resumo: Foi realizado um tudo taxonômico das espécies de Lauraceae que ocorrem na Reserva Natural Vale em Linhares, ES, localizada ao norte do Estado, dentro do domínio fitogeográfico Mata Atlântica. Foram analisados os espécimes de Lauraceae coletados na Reserva Natural Vale que se encontram depositados nos herbários CVRD e HRCB, totalizando ca. 700 exsicatas. Como resultado do trabalho, foram registradas na Reserva Natural Vale, 54 espécies distribuídas em 14 gêneros, a saber: Aiouea (uma espécie), Aniba (três espécies), Beilschmiedia (uma espécie), Cassytha (uma espécie), Cinnamomum (duas espécies), Cryptocarya (três espécies), Endlicheria (uma espécie), Licaria (duas espécies), Mezilaurus (uma espécie), Nectandra (quatro espécies), Ocotea (32 espécies), Persea, Rhodostemonodaphne e Urbanodendron com uma espécie cada. Para todas as espécies são fornecidas descrições, discussões e comentários sobre a morfologia, taxonomia, distribuição geográfica, dados fenológicos, usos e nomes populares e imagens de suas flores e peças florais. Foi desenvolvida, também, uma chave interativa de identificação de múltiplas entradas para tais espécies. Para sua confecção foi usado o Programa Lucid®, onde os caracteres morfológicos são introduzidos e relacionados com os respectivos táxons que se pretende identificar. Para a construção da chave, foram propostos 229 caracteres subdivididos em 598 estados de caráter, baseados nas descrições, contendo basicamente os mesmos caracteres morfológicos que fora... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present work provides a taxonomic study of the species of the family Lauraceae that occurs at Reserva Natural Vale in Linhares, ES, located at north of the State, within the Atlantic Forest biome. An analysis was conducted with all Lauraceae specimens collected in the Reserve that are housed at the herbaria CVRD and HRCB, totalizing ca. 700 exsiccatae. The research recorded 54 species, distributed in 14 genera: Aiouea (one species), Aniba (three species), Beilschmiedia (one species), Cassytha (one species), Cinnamomum (two species), Cryptocarya (three species), Endlicheria (one species), Licaria (two species), Mezilaurus (one species), Nectandra (four species), Ocotea (32 species), Persea (one species), Rhodostemonodaphne (one species) and Urbanodendron (one species). For all species, descriptions, discussions and comments about their morphology, geographic distribution, phenology, uses, and vernacular names are provided, as well as the images of their flowers and floral parts. Furthermore, an interactive key has been built for the identification of such species, by using 229 morphological characters subdivided into 598 states, which were taken from their descriptions. This key has proven to be an efficient tool for identifying either the species of the Reserve or those with a broader distribution. For a group of such complexity, importance, abundance and richness, it is desirable to have devices that facilitate the identification of species, the key being one of them / Mestre

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the ability of two-year college students and faculty in one area of activity and to gain a more adequate understanding of them. A dearth of taxonomic literature on plant populations at the local level prompted this study. It has been observed that amateur botanists have accomplished satisfactory and commendable work in plant taxonomy. Also, it has been observed that a high percentage of students in two year colleges commute considerable distances. These disparate observations led to a potential solution to the botanical dilemma.

No description available.

Master of Science

Patterns in the distribution of homoplasy are investigated from theoretical and empirical perspectives. The history of the term "homoplasy" as used by morphologists, evolutionary systematists, cladists, and others is reviewed, especially in relation to its complement, "homology." Homoplasy is defined relative to homology, which is viewed as any similarity shared through an unbroken line of common ancestry. An investigation of levels of homoplasy based on a statistical analysis of 60 published phylogenies reveals a strong dependence of homoplasy on the number of taxa included. This relation is independent of number of characters, type of data, taxonomic rank, or organism, and suggests that large taxa should be the focus of empirical studies of homoplasy. Hence, a phylogenetic analysis of the large genus Astragalus was undertaken using 113 representative species (and varieties) found in North America. Fifty-seven binary and multistate characters were scored and the resulting matrix was subjected to numerical cladistic analysis. Two large sets of equally parsimonious trees were found at 595 and 596 steps. The sets were analyzed using consensus methods, robust clades were discussed in detail, and the phylogenies were compared to previous classifications. Character evolution of a large set of taxonomically important and morphologically varied traits was investigated. Statistical tests were developed to detect patterns of topological clustering of homoplastic character changes in cladograms. The tests use Monte-Carlo computer simulations of four null models of character evolution in an attempt to reject the hypothesis of random homoplastic distributions. For the Astragalus data set only two of 17 characters were significantly clustered, and this is close to random expectation. Another data set from the literature was also tested, and in it no characters were clustered at the 5 percent level. The explanation for these negative findings regarding homoplastic "tendencies" is explored with respect to "scope", "scale", and character "resolution," factors believed to play an important role in the analysis of character evolution.

Orientador: Pedro Luís Rodrigues de Moraes / Banca: Cintia Kameyama / Banca: Alessandra Ike Coan / Resumo: Acanthaceae, com cerca de 4750 espécies, apresenta grande diversidade no Brasil e no mundo, e a tribo Ruellieae é a menos estudada, apesar de representar cerca de 25% da família. Alguns autores levantaram informações importantes sobre a sistemática e filogenia do grupo, a partir de dados morfológicos das sementes. Assim, objetivou-se aqui analisar a morfologia de sementes de espécies de Ruellieae do Brasil e suas implicações taxonômicas, filogenéticas e ecológicas. A análise se deu por meio de diferentes técnicas de microscopia: estereomicroscopia, microscopia de luz e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Foram ainda utilizados dados de morfologia de frutos e distribuição geográfica e hábitats das espécies para discussão. Foram amostrados cinco dos seis gêneros de Ruellieae ocorrentes no Brasil, dois quais um não apresentava material em estado ótimo para análise morfológica completa. O maior desses gêneros, Ruellia, foi o melhor amostrado (57 espécies), seguido de Dyschoriste (10), Hygrophila (3) e Trichanthera (1). Foram incluídos, ainda, gêneros de Ruellieae que não ocorrem no Brasil e de outras tribos, para comparação, totalizando 77 espécies de Ruellieae e 80 espécies de Acanthaceae. De Ruellia, foram amostrados os 10 clados infragenéricos que ocorrem no Brasil e 11 dos 12 totais do gênero. Observou-se para a tribo frutos capsulares de deiscência explosiva, com retináculos em forma de gancho (típicos da subfamília Acanthoideae), importantes para a autocoria dessas espécie... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Acanthaceae, with about 4750 species, is highly diverse in Brazil and in the world, and the tribe Ruellieae is the less studied, despite it represents about 25% of the family. Some authors have presented important information related to the systematics and phylogeny of the group from morphological data on the seeds. Thus, we aimed here to analyze the seed morphology of Ruellieae species from Brazil and its taxonomic, phylogenetic and ecological implications. The analyzes included different microscopy techniques: stereomicroscopy, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. We also used data on fruit morphology, geographical distribution, and habitats of the species for discussion. We sampled five of the six genera of Ruellieae in Brazil, of which one did not have material at optimum state for complete morphological analyzes. The biggest genus among them, Ruellia, was the best sampled (57 species), followed by Dyschoriste (10), Hygrophila (3) and Trichanthera (1). We also included samples of genera of Ruellieae that do not occur in Brazil, and from other tribes, for comparison, totalizing 77 species of Ruellieae and 80 species of Acanthaceae. For Ruellia, we sampled all the 10 infrageneric clades that occur in Brazil, and 11 of the total 12 in the genus. We observed for the tribe capsular fruits with explosive dehiscence (typical of the Acanthoideae subfamily), which are important for the autochory of these species, such as the discoid shape of the seeds. We detected th... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre