Countries with rich natural resource endowments suffer from lower economic growth and various other ills. This work tests whether the resource curse also extends to the quality of regulation and the level of corruption. A theoretical framework is developed that informs the specification of interactive random effects models. A cross-national panel data set is used to estimate these models. Due to multicollinearity, only an effect of metals and ores exports on corruption can be discerned. Marginal effects computations show that whether nature corrupts or not crucially depends on a country's institutions. A broad tax base and high levels of education appear to serve as inoculations for countries against the side-effects of mineral wealth.

Why public officials complicit in corruption? It is absolutely a nagging and antiquated question. This thesis examines the corruption on a micro-scale from those convicted in corruption cases in Central Java Province, Indonesia, more specifically by taking the personal views and experiences of the imprisoned actors into account. Broadly speaking, the problem of corruption is a tantalizing daily issue around Indonesia. Despite the government is highly committed to overcome corruption, it is argued that national corruption eradication efforts have not simply failed to diminish the number of corruption cases, but they - at least until 2019 – failed to impede the deployment of corruption from central to local government levels. Empirically, this study explores corruption from leadership theories to build its own analytical framework of corruption, namely administrative and political corruption. Using narrative analysis methods, this study analyses nine interviews with elective public officials at district and village levels, combined with several secondary techniques. In drawing its conclusions, this study highlights three major findings to understand the failure of government in addressing corruption, each of which is related to 1) critical role of public legitimacy built upon informal norms; 2) strict bureaucratic function built upon formal norms; 3) cleavages between formal and informal norms that encourage public officials to enact one or both types of corruption. Above all, the idea of ‘private gain’ as the central element of corruption cannot be found in this study. Ultimately, this study provides some direction for future research that would suggest academia and policymakers to better understand the corruption in the public sector by taking informal norms into consideration.

The present thesis describes the connection between political corruption and vice crime in Portland as it was portrayed by media and public institutions and agencies in the 1940s and 1950s. The main body of the thesis discusses attempts to rid Portland of its vice problem through the City Club's crusade against crime and crooked politicians in the late 1940s and early 1950s and Mayor Dorothy McCullough Lee's subsequent reform movements against gambling and prostitution. The thesis will analyze The Oregonian's expose' on bootlegging, gambling, prostitution and links drawn by the newspaper to the Teamster's Union and Oregon politicians. From there, the study focuses on Washington D. C. and the McClellan Committee's 1950s hearings on the mismanagement and corruption of Teamster leaders in local and national chapters. Finally, the thesis analyzes the role of Portland's two daily newspapers and their contributions to the controversies and mixed messages over vice and crime in the city between World War II and 1957.

Thesis (PhD (School of Public Management and Planning ))—University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / Among the multitude of problems that contemporary South Africa is faced with, is corruption. Corruption in contemporary South Africa has spread to a systemic level, as evidenced through national and international research, official government statements, and the media. The leakage of billions of Rand from government coffers to greedy individuals is alarming. Allegations of corruption are increasingly implicating top government and party officials. Some of government payrolls are invaded by ghost workers; government accounts are charged by over- and under-invoicing, phantom billing and ghost beneficiaries. Resources are diverted and leaked in the process of supply chain activities. Against these, ICTs are not well placed, despite their capabilities to counter administrative corruption. The dissertation focuses on exploring the answers to the following questions in the South African public sector. i. What is corruption and why is it still increasing, despite the availability of ICTs that can effectively assist in tracking and tracing irregularities in the financial system? ii. How sufficiently and effectively are ICTs designed to minimise susceptibility to corruption in financial transactions, HR issues, and the activities (elements) of the supply chain? iii. How cohesive and integrated are the sub-systems and systems in the anticorruption industry (organisationally, nationally and internationally) in order to close the loopholes for corruption? iv. Is there a nationally centralised database system that is used as a frame of reference in administrative decision making? v. What general problems are there in the anti-corruption system? 6 In the effort to move from the conceptual to the empirical level, these problems provide the main stimulus for exploring the status and role of information technologies in the anti-corruption system.

Thesis (MPA (School of Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / The new public management (NPM) paradigm features very highly in both contemporary public sector reform and public sector management literature. The NPM model has been implemented both in the developing and developed world at the local and central levels of government. Key to NPM is the introduction of market principles in the running of the public sector. The rationale is to replace the over rigid and bureaucratic traditional public administration with the fast moving form of public management so as to achieve high levels of efficiency, effectiveness and economy in the delivery of public goods and services. Despite its wide application, the doctrine of NPM has had diverse impacts in different countries.

Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Corruption in South Africa has become a topical issue, especially in the public sector. Public officials are expected to uphold the public interest, but corrupt officials abuse public office for personal gain. Corruption has many forms and facets and it occurs on both large and petty scales. Despite the scale, corruption has negative consequences, such as the loss of public confidence, the undermining of efficiency in service delivery and the diversion of resources. The reporting of corruption through whistle blowing is important because it alerts the organisation of corrupt activities that have been witnessed. However, even though whistle blowers disclose corrupt activities which are detrimental to the public interest, they often experience retaliation, for example harassment, victimization and threats. Whistle blowers are thus often reluctant to blow the whistle. The South African government has enacted legislation, in particular the Protected Disclosures Act (2000), which protects whistle blowers from retaliation; however, in itself this may not be sufficient to encourage employees to blow the whistle. Organisations therefore need to devise effective whistle blowing mechanisms and create a culture of transparency that encourages employees to blow the whistle In light of the above, this study focuses on employee perceptions of whistle blowing mechanisms within Stellenbosch Municipality as a case study, with the primary objective of ascertaining the importance of whistle blowing in curbing corruption in the public sector. The study also investigates the extent to which employees are well informed on whistle blowing legislation and other mechanisms. Additionally the study focuses on the challenges and the consequences that whistle blowers face when they expose corruption. A literature review was also conducted to explore the conceptualisation of whistle blowing, corruption and anti-corruption strategies. From the literature review, it became evident that there is a need for the effective management and application of whistle blowing mechanisms to effectively curb corruption. The research design used was methodological triangulation; this consisted of a quantitative research method, namely a structured questionnaire, as well as a qualitative research method, namely semi-structured interviews. The different methods were used because they allowed for a more comprehensive approach to the study. Ninety-eight respondents, who are employees of Stellenbosch Municipality, participated in the study by completing the questionnaire. The results of the study indicate that the majority of respondents view the term whistle blowing negatively which might contribute to why individuals are reluctant to blow the whistle. Furthermore, employees agreed unanimously that they lacked confidence in their manager/supervisors to deal with disclosures of corruption. Based on the findings of this study, Stellenbosch Municipality is commended for its efforts in developing a Fraud and Corruption Policy and establishing a Fraud Hotline. However, there should be enhanced protection of whistle blowers at the Municipality in order to encourage employees to blow the whistle on any corruption that they witness in the organisation. The study contributes to anti-corruption research, and in particular whistle blowing mechanisms within the public sector in South Africa. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Korrupsie in Suid-Afrika is 'n aktuele kwessie, veral in die openbare sektor. Van staatsamptenare word verwag om openbare belang te prioritiseer, maar korrupte amptenare misbruik hul staatsamp vir persoonlike gewin. Korrupsie het baie vorme en fasette en kom voor op groot en klein skaal. Ongeag die skaal het korrupsie negatiewe gevolge, soos die verlies van vertroue deur die publiek, die ondermyning van doeltreffendheid in dienslewering en die misbruik van hulpbronne. Die aanmelding van korrupsie deur die fluitjie te blaas is van groot belang omdat dit organisasies inlig oor korrupte aktiwiteite wat opgemerk word. Selfs al word korrupte aktiwiteite, wat nadelig is vir die openbare belang, aangemeld deur fluitjieblasers, ervaar hulle dikwels vergelding deur die beweerde partye, byvoorbeeld teistering, viktimisering en dreigemente. Fluitjieblasers is dus dikwels huiwerig om die fluitjie te blaas. Die Suid-Afrikaanse regering het wetgewing uitgevaardig, veral die Wet op Openbare Bekendmakings (2000), wat fluitjieblasers teen weerwraak beskerm; hierdie wetgewing alleen mag egter nie voldoende wees om werknemers aan te moedig om die fluitjie te blaas nie. Organisasies moet dus effektiewe fluitjieblaas meganismes ontwikkel en 'n kultuur van deursigtigheid skep wat werknemers sou aanmoedig om die fluitjie te blaas. In die lig van bogenoemde, fokus hierdie studie op werknemer persepsies van fluitjie-blaas binne die Stellenbosch Munisipaliteit as 'n gevallestudie, met die oorhoofse doel om die belangrikheid van fluitjie-blaas as meganisme om korrupsie in die openbare sektor te bekamp, vas te stel. Die studie ondersoek ook tot watter mate werknemers ingelig is oor fluitjieblaas wetgewing en ander meganismes. Daarbenewens fokus die studie op die uitdagings en die gevolge wat fluitjieblasers in die gesig staar wanneer hulle korrupsie ontbloot. 'n Literatuurstudie is ook gedoen ten einde die konseptualisering van fluitjie blaas, korrupsie en anti-korrupsie strategieë te verken. Uit die literatuuroorsig, het dit duidelik geword dat daar 'n behoefte is aan doeltreffende bestuur en toepassing van fluitjie blaas meganismes om korrupsie teen te werk. Metodologiese triangulasie is as navorsingontwerp gebruik; dit bestaan uit 'n kwantitatiewe navorsingsmetode, naamlik 'n gestruktureerde vraelys, sowel as 'n kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetode, naamlik semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude. Die verskillende metodes is toegepas aangesien dit lei tot 'n meer omvattende benadering tot die studie. Agt en negentig persone, in diens van Stellenbosch Munisipaliteit, het aan die studie deelgeneem deur die vraelys te voltooi. Die resultate van die studie dui daarop dat die meerderheid van die respondente die term “fluitjie blaas” as negatief beskou, wat kan bydra tot ‘n huiwering deur indiwidue om wel die fluitjie te blaas. Verder dui die resultate eenvormig daarop dat werknemers nie vertroue het in hul bestuurder / toesighouers om die openbaarmaking van korrupsie te hanteer nie. Gebaseer op die bevindinge van hierdie studie, word die Stellenbosch Munisipaliteit geprys vir sy pogings met die ontwikkeling van 'n bedrog en korrupsie beleid en die vestiging van 'n bedrogblitslyn. Beskerming van fluitjieblasers by die Munisipaliteit moet egter verbeter word om sodoende werknemers aan te moedig om die fluitjie te blaas oor enige korrupsie wat opgemerk word in die organisasie. Die studie dra by tot anti-korrupsie navorsing, en in besonders, fluitjie-blaas meganismes binne die openbare sektor in Suid-Afrika.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-04-13T14:21:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 João Jacinto Anhê Andorfato.pdf: 963613 bytes, checksum: b5f045fcb8877b348d581a2c23a9da24 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-13T14:21:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 João Jacinto Anhê Andorfato.pdf: 963613 bytes, checksum: b5f045fcb8877b348d581a2c23a9da24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-19 / The recent corruption scandals exposed a old problem. In an emergency agenda, a punitive movement emerges that does not only occupy the discourses of lay Brazilians, but also mobilizes our police, judicial and public prosecutorial authorities, who are moved by public opinion to draw up new strategies and new measures to combat the problem. Corruption in no way should be tolerated and must be harshly repressed by society and by the agencies of criminal prosecution. Notwithstandng, combating corruption or any other crime, however serious it may be the offense and its social consequences, does not justify the distortion of criminal procedural guarantees that historically are the foundation of control and limitation in face of the punitive power of the State. Society must ensure that it is able to discern the excesses of the state's punitive power and the institutions that exercise it in order to avoid the emergence of pathologies such as criminal and procedural law of exception in which moral values are enough to support the criminal sciences: the good becomes a criminal value, the truth a procedural value and the justice a legal value. The desire for punitiveness sometimes obfuscates the necessary precautions to legitimize the interventions of the organs of criminal prosecution, which, in view of the current political crisis, makes it essential to analyze the idea of Justice from the perspective of criminal procedural lessons, placing in poles of contraposition the criminal procedural guarantees and the anti-corruption discourse / Os recentes escândalos de corrupção expôs às escâncaras um antigo problema. Em uma pauta de emergência, surge um movimento punitivista que não ocupa somente os discursos dos brasileiros leigos, mas também mobiliza nossas autoridades policiais, judiciárias e membros do ministério público, que movidos pela opinião pública se colocam à disposição para traçar novas estratégias e elaborar novas medidas para combater o problema. A corrupção de forma alguma deve ser tolerada e necessita ser duramente debelada pela sociedade e pelos órgãos de persecução penal. Contudo, o combate à corrupção ou à qualquer outra criminalidade, por maior que seja a gravidade do ilícito e suas consequências sociais, não justifica o desvirtuamento das garantias processuais penais que historicamente são o alicerce de controle e limitação frente ao poder punitivo do Estado. A sociedade deve zelar pela capacidade de discernir sobre os excessos do poder punitivo estatal e das instituições que o exercem, a fim de evitar o surgimento de patologias como um direito penal e processual penal de exceção em que valores morais bastam para sustentar as ciências criminais: o bom se torna um valor penal, a verdade um valor processual e o justo um valor jurídico. O desejo de punitividade por vezes ofusca as cautelas necessárias para se legitimar as intervenções dos órgãos de persecução penal, o que, diante da atual crise política, torna imprescindível a análise da ideia de Justiça sob a perspectiva da dogmática processual penal, colocando em polos de contraposição as garantias processuais penais e o discurso de combate à corrupção

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-12-11T12:41:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Adair Loredo dos Santos.pdf: 1125875 bytes, checksum: 1d3818285716300d123b1f56dd164d7b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T12:41:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adair Loredo dos Santos.pdf: 1125875 bytes, checksum: 1d3818285716300d123b1f56dd164d7b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-10-29 / In this study, the administrations of mayors of Gilberto Kassab and Fernando Haddad were analyzed with the intention of demonstrating the performance of democratic controls in the fight against corruption, as well as the practices in the public policy of the city of Sao Paulo during the period of their administrations. As a result, the case known as the "Audit Tax Mafia" was analyzed, which shows the State's fragility in containing, restraining, and extirpating these criminal organizations located within its core. It also emphasizes the importance of administrative actions and decisions aimed at interfering in partisan and personal political interests, or as reinforcers of practices of corruption and disorder. The study demonstrates that the institutional apparatus, which should exercise the function of control, suffers numerous negative interferences and, to a large extent, treats the cases superficially and without the rigor that a realignment of paths would require, as well as in the sphere of Justice. As a result, corruption becomes "institutionalized" and becomes a part of the current politicaladministrative system, within a promiscuous correlation between the executive and legislative branches and several other agents, among them lies a section of public officials / Neste estudo foram analisadas as práticas na política pública do município de São Paulo, no período das gestões dos prefeitos Gilberto Kassab e Fernando Haddad, a fim de demonstrar a atuação dos controles democráticos no combate à corrupção. Para isso, analisou-se o caso conhecido como “Máfia dos Auditores Fiscais”, o qual mostra a fragilidade do Estado em conter, coibir e em extirpar essas organizações criminosas instaladas em seu cerne. Além de ressaltar a importância de ações e decisões administrativas voltadas para a ingerência de interesses políticos partidários e pessoais, ou como reforçadores de práticas de corrupção e de desmandos. O estudo demonstra que o aparato institucional, que deveria exercer a função de controladoria, sofre inúmeras interferências negativas e, em grande parte, trata os casos de maneira superficial e sem o rigor que uma correção de rota exigiria, inclusive na esfera da Justiça. Com isso, a corrupção acaba “institucionalizada” e como parte do sistema políticoadministrativo vigente, numa correlação promíscua entre os poderes executivo, legislativo e diversos outros agentes, dentre eles, uma parte de funcionários públicos

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Social Sciences