Cette thèse s’insère dans le cadre d’un projet interdisciplinaire sur les politiques publiques dans le domaine de la réduction de gaz à effet de serre (GES). Elle traite de la dimension politico-économique de la formulation des politiques gouvernementales des provinces canadiennes membres de la Conférence des gouverneurs de la Nouvelle-Angleterre et des premiers ministres de l’Est du Canada (CGNA-PMEC). Cette recherche suggère que les politiques sous-nationales, ou provinciales, étudiées ici sont influencées par la convergence de facteurs liés aux idées, aux intérêts et aux institutions. Dans le contexte des débats touchant la lutte contre les changements climatiques, cette thèse propose d’appliquer un modèle théorique formulé par Barry Rabe, développé sur la base de l’étude des politiques des États américains de Nouvelle-Angleterre. Cette thèse veut apporter une double contribution : effectuer la première opérationnalisation substantielle du modèle de B. Rabe à des cas non-américains et perfectionner son modèle en combinant les domaines de la politique et de l’économie. La thèse tient aussi compte du fait que certains postulats identifiés ne soient pas toujours expressément présentés par Barry Rabe lui-même. / At the origin of this research project, we find a suggestion of B. Rabe, according to which sub-national governments (at least, within the framework of the United States and of Canada) can be considered as central actors in the programs of greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction. This bottom up approach suggests that a lack of serious commitments on behalf of the mentioned national governments can be partially compensated with sub-state level actors. This hesitation at the national level has been effectively compensated with actions realized at the regional level as was the case with the States of the New England, according to B. Rabe. Given that this region of the United States encompasses participants from the Conference of New England Governors and Eastern Canadian Premiers (NEG/ECP), we asked ourselves questions as to the GHG reduction policies of the Canadian part of this regional grouping. More concretely, from this intra-regional comparison, we tried to make a replication of the model of B. Rabe. Inspired by an interdisciplinary approach and by a taking into consideration factors coming from ideas, interests and institutions, this research work is structured as a succession of chapters. After the introductory part, the first chapter (section 2) handles the positioning of the Canadian provinces members of the NEG-ECP, compared with States of the New - England concerning the governments’ policies on the reduction of the GHG. We wanted to determine the framework of these provinces, consider the (possible) presence of political learning (apprenticeship) as well as an analysis of the sectorial dimensions of the action plans. Based pa r t ia l ly on the results of the first chapter , the study of a link between the sectorial composition of the provincial economy and the type of government policy on the GHG reduction represents the foundation of the second chapter (section 3). The presence of natural resources (and/or of maritime resources), the economic diversification as well as the nature of the energy base of the province seem to influence the government policy about climate change. The third chapter (section 4) aims at analyzing the phase of elaboration / formulation of the most recent Quebec’s action plan on GHG. To cast more light on the political path of this plan, various elements are considered: Québec’s historic environmental commitments, the intergovernmental interactions, the presence / absence of coalitions as well as the role of the governmental public servants. And finally, the conclusion evokes possible contributions and limits of the entire process of our research. We also mentioned certain potentially interesting developments concerning the future researches on the subject.