This dissertation examines the scope and limitations of the re-appropriation of the term barbarism by modern Jewish intellectuals in conversation with Third World social movements. Emmanuel Lévinas is my paradigmatic example of this re-appropriation, as his Talmudic interpretations illuminate this process, and his work is located on the axis of the encounter between Jewish and decolonial thinking. I contend that Lévinas follows a classic line of modern European interpreters who expressed their discomfort with the description of the Jewish people as barbaric. While this discomfort can be traced within this orthodox interpretation of Lévinas, I argue that his particular solution for the problem can only be explained by a more heterodox exploration. Lévinas’ positive re-appropriation of the term is part of contextual conversations that he sustained with other peoples characterized as barbarians (i.e. Third World decolonial theorists). While this re-appropriation was originally conceived in order to establish an East-East revolutionary conversation between Eastern European rabbinical interpreters and other radical Eastern projects (i.e. Maghrebi Marxism) it became an East-South decolonial conversation between Jewish and Afro-Caribbean/Latino-American intellectuals. This conversation, however, ultimately challenges the apologetic Jewish re-appropriation of exteriority in the concert of multiple barbarians. I explore the limitations of Jewish thought to engage with this community and cross from an apologetic to a critical barbarism. This dissertation, in conclusion, seeks to make an original contribution in the interrelation between Jewish and post-colonial studies. I aim to do so by first, demonstrating that the Jewish return to classical sources is historically and conceptually a decolonial counter-narrative that was influenced by (and in turn influenced) Third World discourses; second, explaining the reasons and consequences of the persistence of Jewish imagery and influences in Third World decolonial theory; third, exploring the limits of Jewish thinking and the benefits of the expansion of Jewish apologetical dialogues into barbaric critical conversations. And finally, challenging most contemporary scholarship in modern Jewish philosophy, which holds that Jewish thought and the modern re-reading of its sources can only be understood in the context of Western consciousness.

A seguinte Dissertação de Mestrado é o resultado de uma etnografia em campo, dentro do Mestrado em Desenvolvimento Rural. A pesquisa centra-se no Movimento das Mulheres Camponesas (MMC) e na Farmacinha Comunitária do vale da Solidão (Maquiné, RS), espaço onde as mulheres se reúnem para elaborar remédios com plantas medicinais. Esta Farmacinha surgiu em 1991, sendo a precursora de mais de 70 experiências similares. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar, sob a ótica da teoria pós-colonial e da pós-modernidade, qual é o modelo de desenvolvimento que estas mulheres propões e constroem, frente a lógica do discurso desenvolvimentista institucional. Para este fim o trabalho divide-se em três partes. A primeira analisa os diferentes discursos de desenvolvimento a respeito da mulher e do rural, para tratar na segunda parte sobre o próprio MMC e seu discurso feminista e de desenvolvimento, percebido aqui como uma forma de resistência e de revindicação da importância do 'papel da mulher' e da 'luta pela vida'. A terceira e última parte do trabalho analisa as práticas concretas e cotidianas da Farmacinha da Solidão, cujas atividades vêm sendo acompanhadas desde 2012. Se bem estas atividades referem-se em grande parte à elaboração de remédios com plantas medicinais, a perspectiva aqui adotada faz com que percebamos a Farmacinha como um lugar onde o cotidiano e o pessoal tornam-se políticos e enfrentam o modelo, que pretende-se hegemônico, de desenvolvimento. / The following Master' s thesis is the result of an ethnography in the field, within the Masters in Rural Development. The research focuses on de “Movimento das Mulheres Camponesas” (Movement of the Peasant Women, MMC), and the “Farmacinha Comunitária” from the valley of Solidão (Maquiné, RS), space where women come together to develop drugs with medicinal plants. This “Farmacinha” appeared in 1991, being the precursor of more than 7 similar experiences. This thesis aims to analyze, from the perspective of post-colonial theory and post-modernism, which is the development model that these women proposes and built, compared to the logic of the institutional development discourse. To this end, the thesis is divides into three parts. The first one analyzes the different discourses about development about women and rural, and explores in the second one the MMC itself ans its feminist and development discourse, perceived here as a form of resistance and a claim of the importance of 'women's role' and the 'struggle for life'. The third and final part analyzes the practical and everyday practices of the “Farmacinha” from Solidão, whose activities have been followed since 2012. Although these activities relate largely to the development of drugs with medicinal plants , the perspective adopted here makes we realize the “Farmacinha” as a place where the everyday and the personal become politics and face the model, which aims to be hegemonic, of development. / El siguiente trabajo es el resultado de una etnografía en campo, dentro de la Maestría en Desarrollo Rural. La investigación se centra en el Movimiento de las Mujeres Campesinas (MMC) y en la Farmacinha Comunitaria del valle de la Solidão, (Maquiné, RS), espacio donde las mujeres se reúnen para elaborar remedios con plantas medicinales. Esta Farmacinha surgió en 1991, siendo precursora de más de 70 experiencias similares. Esta disertación tiene como objetivo analizar, bajo la óptica de la teoría pos-colonial y de la pos-modernidad, cuál es el modelo de desarrollo que estas mujeres proponen y construyen frente a la lógica del discurso desarrollista institucional. Para este fin el trabajo se divide en tres partes. La primera analiza los diferentes discursos del desarrollo con respecto a la mujer y la medio rural, para tratar en la segunda parte sobre el propio MMC y su discurso feminista y de desarrollo, percibido aquí como una forma de resistencia y de reivindicación de la importancia del 'papel de la mujer' y la 'lucha por la vida'. La tercera y última parte del trabajo parte analiza la práctica concreta y cotidiana de la Farmacinha de la Solidão, cuyas actividades acompaño desde 2012. Si bien estas actividades se refieren en gran parte a la elaboración de remedios con plantas medicinales, la perspectiva aquí adoptada hace que percibamos la Farmacinha como un lugar donde lo cotidiano y lo personal se tornan políticos y enfrentan el modelo, que se pretende hegemónico, de desarrollo.

The aim of this study is to offer a critical analysis of representations of gender violence and resistance to such violence in selected novels by Zimbabwean women writers. A great deal of scholarship on Zimbabwean women writers focuses on well-known authors such as Yvonne Vera and Tsitsi Dangarembga. Even here, the critical emphasis tends to be on the representation of women’s suffering under patriarchy and their status as victims. Although the exposure of gendered suffering is important, these studies often fail to take into consideration the female characters’ agency and survival strategies, including how they go about rebuilding lives and identities in the aftermath of violence. This thesis argues that the fictional texts of other, lesser known Zimbabwean authors are similarly worthy of critical scrutiny, yielding as they can important insights into female characters’ resistance to gender violence. The current study analyses Zimbabwean women writers’ literary contributions to discourses on gender-based violence and explores how female characters have embraced the concept of agency to recreate their identities and to introduce a new gender ethos into the contexts of lives that are often shaped by severe restrictions and oppression. Violence is a phenomenon that is always shaped by specific cultural, ideological and socio-economic forces. As the study shows, characters’ identities are constituted by the complex intersections of a number of markers of difference, including their gender, race and class. This study thus regards identity as intersectional and takes all these factors into consideration in its analysis of the representations of violence and resistance in the selected texts. The study also aims to determine whether these literary representations offer any solutions to the difficulties of characters affected by or living with violence. The works critiqued are Lillian Masitera’s The Trail (2000), Valerie Tagwira’s The Uncertainty of Hope (2006), Virginia Phiri’s Highway Queen (2010) and Violet Masilo’s The African Tea Cosy (2010). / English Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (English)

Le récit magico-réaliste entretient avec l’écriture de l’histoire un rapport très étroit. Entre les années 1940 et les années 1980, dans toute l’aire géographique américaine, s’est développé et a évolué une fiction magico-réaliste qui se donne comme objectif la transcription de données anthropologiques, concernant les populations dominées américaines, qu’elles soient composées d’autochtones, d’esclaves ou de descendants d’esclaves, dans un univers romanesque où réalisme et magie se côtoient sans tensions. Ainsi, en abordant les périodes passées du continent américain, les auteurs de récits magico-réalistes ont construit un type de fiction qu’ils ont façonné dans le but de permettre une expression littéraire de l’opération historiographique, qui ne peut pas se substituer à la science historique, mais qui peut donner, d’une façon qui tire parti des potentialités de la fiction, une voix à ceux qu’un discours dominant et des structures de pouvoir ont longtemps laissés dans l’ombre. Nous étudierons donc comment les récits magico-réalistes écrivent l’histoire, et notamment restituent des visions du monde longtemps ignorées, dans une perspective proche de l’histoire des représentations. Une telle entreprise littéraire et historique constitue par-là même un phénomène structurant pour le champ littéraire américain, mais aussi caribéen. Notre corpus d’étude trilingue réunit des auteurs de tout le continent américain : Miguel Ángel Asturias, Alejo Carpentier, Juan Rulfo, Toni Morrison, Wilson Harris, Toni Cade Bambara, Jean-Louis Baghio’o, Jacques Stephen Alexis et Maryse Condé. / The magical realistic narrative is deeply linked with the writing of history. Between the 1940’s and the 1980’s, throughout the entire America, has been developed and has evolved the magic realism which let the authors of such narratives to transcribe anthropological datas, coming from dominated populations of America (Natives, slaves or former slaves) in novels in which realism and magic can mix without tension. Then, by describing the past periods of the American continent, the authors of magic realism narratives have built a kind of fiction able to imitate, but not replace, the historical investigation : they can, with the help of the specific resources of fiction, give a voice to those who where kept in the dark for so long. We will study how the authors of magic realism narratives write history, et transcribe the representations of people who were not considered before. Such a literary phenomenon is fundamental in the building of an American literary filed. Our trilingual corpus gathers these nine authors : Miguel Ángel Asturias, Alejo Carpentier, Juan Rulfo, Toni Morrison, Wilson Harris, Toni Cade Bambara, Jean-Louis Baghio’o, Jacques Stephen Alexis et Maryse Condé.

Portuguese global expansion was initiated by the capture of Cueta in 1415. Voyages of discovery along the West African coast ensued, resulting in the conquest and colonisation of the N’Dongo Kingdom. This dissertation comprises an archaeological survey of the Lusitanian Empire in the Republic of Angola. The Portuguese first established a settlement at Luanda in 1576, after which they set forth into the interior, following the Kwanza River upstream. The strategy for conquest was to take possession of the river with the objective to control the indigenous population, subjugate the N’gola, and, ultimately, to reach the silver mines at Cambambe. Various settlements developed along the margins of the river with associated forts and churches. Fortifications dominated the landscape while the churches expressed religious idealism. Social contact between the Mbundu people and the Portuguese at the colonial frontier is discussed. Post-colonial theory is used as the research methodology. / Anthropology and Archaeology / M. A. (Archaeology)

In this dissertation, research was undertaken to trace the development of technical, . education in Zimbabwe and evaluate its role in community upliftment. The colonial era ( 1890-1979) and the post-colonial era ( 1980-2000) were examined in this connection. This involved, inter alia, analysing findings and recommendations of commissions of inquiry, and provisions of national development plans. Empirical analysis of the status and role of technical education in community upliftment was also undertaken. Finally, on the basis of the historical data, findings and conclusions regarding the history of technical education, as well as its role in community upliftment in Zimbabwe were made. As a way forward, some recommendations were made which would, if implemented, enhance the role of technical education in the individual's attainment of meaningful adulthood and improvement of society's quality of life. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (History of Education)

Interest in Muslim and Arab societies has been on the rise in South Korea, especially since 2001, with many books and various documentaries being published on the subject. Since 2005 there have been a number of television shows and documentaries that include Muslim, and sometimes Arab characters. This study will examine how images of Muslims and Arabs are presented in Korean popular culture through the analysis of various dramas and variety shows, as well as how these images fit into the context of Korean ethno-nationalism and the history of Islam in East Asia. In addition to this analysis this study will also be exploring how these images have been changing from negative to a more sympathetic or realistic depiction of Muslims and Arabs, as well as explore which groups are responsible for this change.

This thesis uses in-depth analysis of historical Los Angeles Times articles to trace the changing representations of the Latino community in the media. Focusing on themes of patriotism and citizenship, this thesis draws out the subtleties of syntax and semantics that silently influence public opinion. The Zoot Suit Riots and the Chicano Moratorium serve as the main historical backdrop, leading to a concluding exploration of Donald Trump’s campaign rhetoric surrounding immigration and the Latino community.

This thesis looks at how the rule of law fails to achieve justice for Indian-American survivors of domestic violence in a multitude of ways, corresponding to class and religious positionality, as well as documentation status, and how the Indian community mobilizes in response to these failures by creating alternative modes of justice for survivors. Historically, these alternatives have taken form as direct service organizations, providing culturally and linguistically accessible services to survivors. I contend that these are helpful on an individual level, working to interrupt cycles of violence, but not at the collective level – stopping these cycles altogether. Given the systemic nature of sexual violence, working from transformative justice principles is an ideal modality of organizing, but not feasible given the structure of Indian-American communities today. In the interim between present post-violence work and future integration of transformative justice, I argue that pre-violence educational models are the most effective way to see tangible, generational, systemic change. Modes of resistance through educational initiatives aimed towards Indian youth ages ten to eighteen against rape culture will more effectively deter the cycles of intra-community violence from occurring, specifically when oriented from sites of religious worship and/or cultural centers – spaces that create a sense of Indian identity. These educational spaces currently do not exist as an intra-community effort, so I analyze various feminist pedagogies as well as an example of this work being done within other communities to extend these praxes back to the Indian community.

[pt] Procuro perceber se uma parte significativa do imaginário descrito na literatura canônica portuguesa está marcada pela relação de dependência estabelecida ao longo de séculos com a Inglaterra. Tomando o procedimento da descrição como algo que nunca é ideologicamente neutro e tematizando também o lugar a partir de onde escrevo, indago se as cicatrizes comumente encontradas em textos de ex- colônias também aparecem na produção literária portuguesa. Apesar de Portugal já ter sido apontado por estudiosos de várias áreas como um país que fora historicamente submetido pela Inglaterra a uma espécie de colonialismo, esta perspectiva, em geral, não é levada em consideração nos estudos literários. Considerando a situação de semicolônia como uma singularidade cultural, proponho uma estratégia de leitura para textos nela produzidos utilizando a experiência dos estudos culturais e conceitos desse espaço e tempo - também teóricos - chamados de pós-coloniais. Talvez, então, outra singularidade se desdobre: a relação de contigüidade entre as literaturas da ex-metrópole e das ex-colônias. O recorte temporal foi feito em torno da data do Ultimatum, 1890, por isso o estudo de caso recai sobre Eça de Queiroz. / [en] I try to notice if the dependence relation established along the centuries with England marks a meaning part of the imaginary described in the Portuguese canonical literature. Supposing that the description procedure is something that is never ideologically neutral, and also taking into account the place where I write from - Brazil - , I do observe if the scars that are usually found in ex- colonies also appear in the production of Portuguese literature. Although Portugal has already been indicated by studious from many areas as a country that was historically submitted to England as a sort of colonialism, this perspective, in general, is not considered among literature studies. Considering the situation of semi colony as a cultural singularity, I suggest a reading strategy for texts pertaining to this semi colony literature making use of the experience of cultural studies and concepts from this time and space - either theoretical - called post- colonials. Maybe, then, another singularity is unfolded: the contiguity relation between the literatures of the ex- metropolis and the excolonies ones. The temporal cutting was made surround the date of the Ultimatum, 1890, this is why the study remits me to Eça de Queiroz.