Este estudo objetiva o desenvolvimento de instrumentos de Avaliação Pós-Ocupação (APO) destinados a alunos com deficiência física, auditiva e visual. Tem-se como meta a elaboração de referencial teórico e prático para futuros trabalhos relacionados a APO em escolas que considerem a inclusão da opinião dos alunos com deficiência e visa à melhoria qualitativa das condições de uso e o consequente favorecimento da inclusão dos mesmos. A avaliação da acessibilidade, conforto ambiental, segurança patrimonial e contra incêndios, dentre outras formas de avaliação, em ambientes escolares, tem adotado, no meio acadêmico, a APO como uma das metodologias. A APO consiste na aplicação de um conjunto de métodos e técnicas no ambiente construído e nos seus usuários e objetiva aferir o desempenho físico e a satisfação dos usuários em relação ao ambiente (ORNSTEIN; BRUNA; ROMÉRO, 1995). Alinhados com os objetivos do grupo de pesquisa Qualidade e Desempenho no Ambiente Construído, da Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo (FAUUSP), se apresentam os resultados da elaboração e da aplicação dos instrumentos de coleta de dados: entrevista lúdica e questionário, adaptados aos alunos de pré-escola com deficiência física, auditiva e visual utilizando como base os resultados dos instrumentos aplicados na direção e nos docentes (entrevistas), bem como na observação dos alunos em três escolas especiais3 localizadas na cidade de São Paulo. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada em duas etapas, nos períodos entre agosto e dezembro de 2009 (pré-teste) e de 2010 (validação). A primeira etapa da pesquisa de campo teve como meta a verificação prática da metodologia proposta, incluindo a receptividade e a participação dos alunos envolvidos e a prospecção de erros visando à melhoria dos instrumentos para a nova aplicação realizada em 2010, que teve como meta a validação dos mesmos, bem como a comprovação das premissas levantadas. Adotou-se como estratégia de pesquisa o estudo de casos múltiplos incorporados (YIN, 2005), que se baseia em várias fontes de evidências e beneficia-se do desenvolvimento prévio de proposições teóricas para conduzir a coleta e a análise de dados, sendo que cada escola é o objeto de um estudo de caso individual. Este trabalho apresenta caráter qualitativo e multidisciplinar e fundamenta-se nos pressupostos teóricos da arquitetura e da APO, da educação; da pedagogia; da medicina; da sociologia e da psicologia ambiental, dentre outras áreas. Constatou-se que as limitações decorrentes de cada deficiência determinam as especificidades na adaptação e no processo de aplicação dos instrumentos para coleta de dados visando à medição da satisfação destes usuários em relação ao ambiente da pré-escola. 3 A escola especial ou escola de educação especial oferece atendimento especializado, separado da rede regular de ensino, somente para os alunos com deficiência, sempre que, em função das condições específicas dos alunos, não for possível a sua integração nas classes comuns de ensino regular. Cada escola especial é especializada em uma deficiência específica e a sua associação com outras deficiências, limitações, condições ou disfunções. 4 O termo usual é pessoa com deficiência. Os termos constantes nas palavras-chave foram extraídos do Vocabulário Controlado do Sistema Integrado de Bibliotecas - SIBI (UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO, 2006). / This study aims at developing Post-Occupational Evaluation tools (POE) for students with physical, hearing, and visual disabilities. The objective consists of elaborating theoretical and practical references for future studies related to POE in schools that consider the opinion of students with disabilities and aim at qualitative conditions of use and inclusion. POE has been adopted as a method to assess accessibility, environmental comfort, asset security and fire safety, among other types of evaluation, in school environments. POE consists of applying a range of methods and techniques in the built environment in order to assess the users\" satisfaction in relation to it (ORNSTEIN; BRUNA; ROMÉRO; 1995). The results of data designing and application are aligned with the aims of the Quality and Performance in the Built Environment research group, of the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism of the University of São Paulo (FAUUSP): playful interview and questionnaire adapted to pre-school children with physical, hearing and visual disabilities based on results of tools applied in the head and teachers (interviews) as well as on the observation of students in three special schools5 located in the city of São Paulo. The field research was conducted in two phases: between August and December of 2009 (pre-testing) and of 2010 (validation). The first phase of the field research focused on the practical evaluation of the chosen method, including reception and participation of students involved and prediction of mistakes to improve tools for the new application, which occurred in 2010, in order to validate them, as well as to confirm the stated premises. The study of multiple incorporated cases has been adopted (YIN, 2005), which is based on various sources of evidence and benefits from previous development of theoretical propositions to perform data collection and analysis, being each school the object of an individual case study. This research presents qualitative and multidisciplinary approach and is based on theoretical presuppositions of architecture and POE; education; pedagogy; medicine; sociology and environmental psychology, among other areas. It has been observed that the limitations associated to each disability determine specificities in the adaptation and application of data collection instruments to assess the satisfaction of subjects in relation to pre-school environment. 5 A special school or a school for special education offers specialized education outside the regular school system, exclusively for disabled students who, due to their specific needs, cannot be integrated in regular classes. Each special school is skilled in one type of disability and its association with other deficiencies, limitations, conditions, or disorders. 6 The usual term is person with disability. The words chosen as keywords are based on the Controlled Vocabulary of the Integrated System of Libraries - SIBI (UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO, 2006)

Healing and clinical work requires a complex choreography of architectural acoustic design in healthcare settings. In most healthcare settings, medical staff members conduct vital tasks that may have life-and-death implications. Patients visit the hospitals to heal. Their expectations include fast recovery, restful sleep, and privacy (i.e., speech privacy). However, sound environment qualities of the care settings often fall far from supporting the mission of hospitals. There is strong and growing evidence showing that effective soundscapes in healthcare settings potentially impact errors, healing and stress for patients, families and staff but it is still not clear what measures of the sound environment best predict key healthcare outcomes and what design strategies best impact those measures. By using a multi-method approach (i.e., objective and subjective noise level measurements, in-situ impulse response measurements, heuristic design analysis, theoretical studies, acoustic simulations and statistical analysis), this study aims to develop evidence based design strategies by statistically defining the relationships between three types of variables: (1) architectural floor-plate design metrics, (2) acoustic metrics, and (3) occupant response. The research is conducted in three phases. The first phase of the study compared the objective and subjective qualities of the hospital sound environments with different architectural designs, assessed the effectiveness of a newer acoustic metrics in capturing caregiver perceptions, and evaluated the impact of particular noise sources on caregiver outcomes. The second phase of the study tested the validity of an acoustic simulation tool in estimating the acoustic qualities of the healthcare soundscapes. The third phase of the study systematically explored the relationship between floor-plate design and acoustics of complex inter-connected nursing unit corridors. Even though the relationship between design and acoustics of proportional spaces (a.k.a. rooms with more traditional dimensions) has been well documented, the number of studies linking design and acoustics of complex non-proportional spaces such as inter-connected corridors still remains limited. The findings of the first phase show that critical care sound environments with different designs can vary drastically and impact caregivers` perceived wellbeing and task performance (e.g., patient auditory monitoring). Despite their extensive use, traditional noise metrics sometimes may not be effective in capturing unique characteristics of healthcare sound environments. This study validated the effectiveness of a new more detailed noise metric, "occurrence rate", in capturing the differences between acoustic characteristics of healthcare sound environments. Moreover, particular noise sources such as impulsive noises are likely to dominate the ICU sound environments and interfere with perceived caregiver health and performance. The findings of the second phase suggest the potential effectiveness of acoustic simulation tools (with hybrid prediction programs) in estimating the acoustic qualities of complex inter-connected hospital corridors. The findings of the third phase suggest the potential significant impact of design features of particular hallways (e.g., number of turns, corridor length, and number of branches) and overall floor-shape characteristics of inter-connected corridors (i.e., relative grid distance, and visual fragmentation) on reverberation time. Overall, in the units with shorter, more compact, fragmented corridors with multiple number of branching hallways, reverberation times are likely to be less. Moreover receivers located at the corridors with less number of turns from the sound source also potentially experience lower reverberation times. According to previous research, the human auditory system`s ability to monitor auditory cues is likely to be higher in the less reverberant sound environments.

學校是實施教育最重要的場所與環境，學校建築佔用最大宗的教育經費與投資，故實施學校建築用後評估，至為重要。 本研究的目的包含：探討桃園縣立光明國民中學的現況；探究學校建築興建完成後的滿意程度；研析學校建築新建完成後的教學效用性；探討學校建築新建完成後，學校建築使用的情形；最後提出用後評估的建議，以作為日後改進之參考依據。 本研究使用的研究方法包括文件分析、調查及觀察等三種方法。以文件分析明暸光明國中學校建築之現況。觀察校內的相關設施，問卷調查學生999人，教職員142人，以描述統計及推論性統計：Pearson相關、獨立樣本t考驗（t test）、單因子變異數分析（oneway ANOVA）及重複量數等方法，比較學生在不同性別、年級及樓層間對學校建築滿意度、對學校建築的教學效用性及對學校建築的使用率差異；比較教職員在不同性別、職務、年齡、年資及任教科目間對學校建築滿意度、對學校建築的教學效用性及對學校建築的使用率的差異。 所得研究結論如下：師生的滿意度為中高程度，學生最滿意的是運動場及庭園，教職員最滿意的是附屬設施。師生認為教學效用性達中高效用，學生認為校舍最具效用性，教職員認為附屬設施最具效用性。師生的使用率為較少使用，學生在運動場及庭園的使用率較高，教職員在附屬設施的使用率最高。不同年級、樓層的學生和不同職務、年齡的教職員，在滿意度和效用性有顯著差異，比較特別的是使用率上，男學生高於女學生。師生使用後的優點為校舍整體色彩典雅、明亮寬敞及學校各項設施完善，建議附屬設施要定期維護及學生使用的空間不足。 本研究依據研究結論，提出建議如下：滿意度高、效用性好及經常使用的設施要加強管理與維護，增進設施使用的品質。增加彈性課程電腦的上課節數或一般教室放置電腦設備。定期檢修電視機及線路，維持無聲廣播系統的正常運作。藉由課程發展委員會，結合綠活圖利用生態池研發一套校本課程。透過師生共同參與重新思考專科教室的位置。利用各種不同的活動提升戶外炊事場及視聽教室的使用率。合作社可放置在光明樓的地下室，空間大且位置適宜，動線又可規劃成一進一出。設置一個女生籃球優先使用架。以及對後續研究的建議。 / School is most Important place where education taking performance. School buildings take most of the education budget and investment. Therefore , the Post-occupancy Evaluation of school building is important The main purpose of this study is to explore the status which including user satisfactory 、the improvement of teaching and the space usage condition after school building of Guang Ming Junior high school in Taoyuan County was complete. The goal is to propose suggestions for the future use and improvement. This research is conducted through document analysis, student questionnaire and campus observation. We realize the status of Guang Ming Junior high school by document analysis、structure observation and questionnaires to 999 students and 142 teachers and staff. The data is analyzed by Pearson correlation、t-test、One-way ANOVA and One-way ANOVA of repeated measures to explore the facts about user satisfaction、the improvement of teaching and the space usage condition within students in different gender、grade and in using of different level of the building. We have also explore the facts about user satisfaction、the improvement of teaching and the space usage condition within teachers and staff in different gender、position、age、seniority and teaching different subjects. Generalized conclusions：the satisfaction of students ,teachers and staff shows medium-high degree. the students feel satisfied with sports ground and the yard most! Teachers and staff feel satisfied with auxiliary facility most. Teachers and students show medium-high degree of teaching improvements. Students think that classrooms are the most useful structure. Teachers and staff think that auxiliary facility are the most useful structure. Teachers and students show low level of using rate on the structures of school building. Among these structures that students using the most are sports ground and yard, but the structure that teachers and staff using the most is auxiliary facility. Students in different building level and grade and teachers and staff that is in different position and age show significant difference from user satisfaction and utility. In using rate, male students are higher than female students. Most of the students and teachers think the excellences of their school building are elegance, brightness, and the complete of every kind of structure. We strongly advice the auxiliary facility need to be repaired in time and to prevent the shortage of using space. Ultimately, this research, based on the findings and conclusions of the study, proposes following suggestions： 1.School should enhance the management and maintenance of certain facilities that are used often within highly satisfaction of using experience and highly utility. 2.Increase the computer class or set up computer equipments in general classroom. 3.The maintenance of computer and line should be done in time to maintain the silent broadcasting system act smoothly. 4.Developing a school based curriculum by combining the green map and ecological pond. 5.Rethinking the position of specialized classrooms by teachers and students. 6.Increasing the using rate of outdoors kitchen work fields and Audio-Visual classroom by any different kind of activities. 7.The Collaborative Convenient Store can be set up at the basement of GUANG MING building, it got plenty of space and suitable for designing of efficient route as one way in and one way out. 8.Set up a basketball court that the female students are the primary user.

abstract: The green building movement has been an effective catalyst in reducing energy demands of buildings and a large number of `green' certified buildings have been in operation for several years. Whether these buildings are actually performing as intended, and if not, identifying specific causes for this discrepancy falls into the general realm of post-occupancy evaluation (POE). POE involves evaluating building performance in terms of energy-use, indoor environmental quality, acoustics and water-use; the first aspect i.e. energy-use is addressed in this thesis. Normally, a full year or more of energy-use and weather data is required to determine the actual post-occupancy energy-use of buildings. In many cases, either measured building performance data is not available or the time and cost implications may not make it feasible to invest in monitoring the building for a whole year. Knowledge about the minimum amount of measured data needed to accurately capture the behavior of the building over the entire year can be immensely beneficial. This research identifies simple modeling techniques to determine best time of the year to begin in-situ monitoring of building energy-use, and the least amount of data required for generating acceptable long-term predictions. Four analysis procedures are studied. The short-term monitoring for long-term prediction (SMLP) approach and dry-bulb temperature analysis (DBTA) approach allow determining the best time and duration of the year for in-situ monitoring to be performed based only on the ambient temperature data of the location. Multivariate change-point (MCP) modeling uses simulated/monitored data to determine best monitoring period of the year. This is also used to validate the SMLP and DBTA approaches. The hybrid inverse modeling method-1 predicts energy-use by combining a short dataset of monitored internal loads with a year of utility-bills, and hybrid inverse method-2 predicts long term building performance using utility-bills only. The results obtained show that often less than three to four months of monitored data is adequate for estimating the annual building energy use, provided that the monitoring is initiated at the right time, and the seasonal as well as daily variations are adequately captured by the short dataset. The predictive accuracy of the short data-sets is found to be strongly influenced by the closeness of the dataset's mean temperature to the annual average temperature. The analysis methods studied would be very useful for energy professionals involved in POE. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Architecture 2011

residents because of functional, symbolic or economical aspects. Those modifications almost always evidence the lack discordance between the original architectural project and the answers to their users' needs. It is verified that frequently the modifications have negative on the functionality and in the habitability of those houses, especially with regard to the resulting environmental comfort. In that context, the present work analyzed the flexibility, the dimensions and the space functionality of modified residential units of Conjunto Habitacional Osman Loureiro implanted in Maceió-Alagoas, in relation to its original project. The methodology used is based on in the Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE), with application of observations, interviews, questionnaires, physical risings, photographic registrations and digital recordings. In spite of the prevision in the original project of some flexibilities possibilities, these were not informed to the residents, that executed themselves their modifications for best adapt their units front to the small dimensions. The results evidenced the occurrence of dimensional and functional wastes, owed firstly, to the inadequacy of the original project that imposes reforms already the first years of occupation to guarantee a minimum level of habitability, and, secondly due to a qualified professional's lack for the reforms and / or enlargements of the house aids, resulting in inefficient house modifications and usually costly. This work emphasize, then, the importance of obtaining a better understanding on the real causes of the modifications done by the users is emphasized, to aid the planners for flexible houses construction, that allow enlargements and modifications without compromise the comfort conditions and the original quality space of the house. / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / freqüentemente modificadas por seus moradores por motivos de caráter funcional, simbólico ou econômico. Essas modificações quase sempre evidenciam a falta de sintonia entre o projeto arquitetônico original e as respostas às necessidades de seus usuários. Constata-se que freqüentemente as modificações impactam negativamente na funcionalidade e na habitabilidade dessas habitações, em especial com respeito ao conforto ambiental resultante. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho analisou a flexibilidade, o dimensionamento e a funcionalidade espacial de unidades residenciais modificadas do Conjunto Habitacional Osman Loureiro implantado em Maceió AL, em relação ao seu projeto original. A metodologia fundamentou-se na Avaliação Pós-Ocupação (APO), por meio de observações, entrevistas, questionários, levantamentos físicos/medições, registros fotográficos e gravações digitais. Apesar da previsão no projeto original de algumas possibilidades de flexibilização, estas não foram informadas aos moradores, que executaram suas modificações para melhor adequarem as suas unidades frente às exíguas dimensões. Os resultados evidenciaram a ocorrência de desperdícios dimensionais e funcionais nas modificações das moradias analisadas, devido primeiramente, à inadequação do projeto original, que impõe alterações já nos primeiros anos de ocupação para garantir um nível mínimo de habitabilidade, e, segundo devido à falta de um profissional qualificado para auxílio das reformas e/ ou ampliações da casa, resultando em modificações ineficientes e geralmente dispendiosas. O trabalho ressalta, enfim, a importância de se procurar obter um melhor entendimento sobre as reais causas das modificações feitas pelos usuários, para auxiliar os projetistas na construção de habitações flexíveis que permitam ampliações e modificações sem comprometer o conforto ambiental e a qualidade espacial original da habitação.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:28:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 3371538 bytes, checksum: cd75e6774cb31997ff12e7963d165844 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-01 / This work approaches housing and urban problems regarding to housing production with social interest and its response on the housing appropriation process by the dweller searching for habitability. It is analyzed adaptations inserted in Boa Sorte low-income housing estate, implanted in Coimbra/MG in order to guide further housing projects to be implanted in countryside towns with similar characteristics. This study is a descriptive and explicative research work, and the variables and indicators were defined from literature review and for field data collection it was used a toll called spatial readings . For technical data survey and for obtaining user satisfaction degree related to housing, tools commonly used in post-occupation evaluation research was used. For analysis, data were grouped according to housing categories: pragmatic, symbolic and functional. The results show that the identified adaptations are physical and use adjustments, evidencing that there is a passive and active adaptation process from the dweller in relation to his or her house. Original housings had their useful area increased, most of them as self-building without technical guidance, whose enhancement and addition of environment were for attending specific needs of each family and in a certain way are related to cultural costumes typical of countryside town people. It was also identified insertion of physical elements and addition, alteration and replacement of sanitary and electrical systems because of problems presented by them. Some architectural problems and diseases reveal the low functional and building performance of the houses. It is concluded by the need of going over housing problems in relation to meeting minimal dwelling standards, especially when implanted in countryside towns with a small number of inhabitants because the social-cultural characteristics of the population and soil value, which interferes in the final cost per unity, are different when compared to units in big cities. / Esta pesquisa aborda a problemática urbana e habitacional quanto à produção da habitação de interesse social e seu reflexo no processo de apropriação da moradia pelo morador em busca de habitabilidade. São analisadas as adequações inseridas no conjunto habitacional Boa Sorte, implantado no município de Coimbra/MG, de forma a orientar futuros projetos habitacionais a serem implantados em cidades do interior com características similares. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter descritivo e explicativo, sendo que, as variáveis e os indicadores foram definidos a partir da revisão de literatura e para a coleta de dados em campo foi utilizado o instrumento denominado leituras espaciais . Para o levantamento de dados técnicos e obtenção do grau de satisfação dos usuários em relação à moradia, foram aplicadas ferramentas comumente utilizadas em pesquisa de avaliação pós-ocupação (APO). Para análise, os dados foram agrupados segundo as categorias de habitabilidade: pragmática, simbólica e funcional. Os resultados revelam que as adequações identificadas são tanto físicas quanto de uso, comprovando que há um processo de adaptação ativa e passiva do morador em relação à sua residência. As habitações originais tiveram sua área útil aumentada, a maioria sob a forma de autoconstrução sem orientação técnica, cujas ampliações e acréscimos de ambientes destinaram-se a atender a necessidades particulares de cada família, e que, de certa forma, estão relacionadas a hábitos culturais típicos de moradores de cidades do interior. Também foram identificados a inserção de elementos físicos e materiais de revestimento, a adição, alteração e substituição de elementos dos sistemas hidrossanitários e elétrico por apresentarem deficiências. Alguns conflitos arquitetônicos e manifestações patológicas observadas revelam o baixo desempenho funcional e construtivo das unidades habitacionais. Conclui-se pela necessidade de revisão dos programas habitacionais quanto ao atendimento de padrões mínimos de habitabilidade, principalmente quando implantados em cidades do interior e de pequeno porte, já que as características socioculturais da população e o valor do solo que interfere no custo final por unidade, são diferentes quando comparados aos das grandes cidades.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:56:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreiaGUC.pdf: 1834975 bytes, checksum: 1effaee6a8718fe16de0859883ac37b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-04 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The objective of this study is to assess the natural light of the classrooms sectors, at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. It was applied the Post-Occupation Evaluation technique, by using questionnaires and brightness levels measurements inside the classrooms. In order to check the users satisfaction degree, it was initially done a general approach on the related aspects to natural light: their characteristics, availability, sources, opening systems and evaluating tools. It was also determined the necessary brightness levels for the activities development in the classroom and the Post-Occupation Evaluation technique used in the search analyses. Then, it was made the UFRN Campus` characterization; the models` definition which formed the data collection basis; the detailing of the procedures used in the research, the processing description and the data analysis. Subsequently, the results that clarify the issues raised were shown through quantitative and / or qualitative data analyses. This research notes a high level of satisfaction by the users, despite some problems such as the reflections occurrence on the board, the lack of uniformity and, occasionally, the brightness low levels / O objetivo deste trabalho ? avaliar a ilumina??o natural dos setores de aulas te?ricas da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, utilizando a metodologia da Avalia??o P?s-Ocupa??o, com aplica??o de question?rios e medi??es dos n?veis de ilumin?ncia no interior das salas de aula. Inicialmente, para verificar a satisfa??o dos usu?rios, foi feita uma abordagem geral dos aspectos relacionados ? ilumina??o natural: suas caracter?sticas, disponibilidade, fontes, sistemas de abertura e ferramentas de avalia??o. Posteriormente, foram determinados os n?veis de ilumin?ncia necess?rios para o desenvolvimento das atividades em sala de aula e a Avalia??o P?s Ocupa??o (APO) que foram utilizados nas an?lises dessa pesquisa. Em seguida, fez-se a caracteriza??o do Campus da UFRN, defini??o dos modelos que serviram de base para a realiza??o da coleta de dados, detalhamento dos procedimentos utilizados e descri??o do processamento e an?lise dos dados. Tamb?m procurou-se destacar os resultados que esclarecem as quest?es levantadas atrav?s de an?lises quantitativas e/ou qualitativas dos dados e finalmente, o trabalho constata a elevada satisfa??o dos usu?rios apesar da verifica??o de problemas como ocorr?ncia de reflexos no quadro, falta de uniformidade e, ocasionalmente, baixos n?veis de ilumin?ncia

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:01:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacaoMurilo.pdf: 4430127 bytes, checksum: 504c9fadab4f754ebfcac0436e87fabd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-25 / The POE (Post Occupancy Evaluation) is a methodology of evaluation of the building in use, its components and attributes that congregates a set of evaluations of the point of view of the user and also of performance essays. The VA (Value Analysis) is a set of method and techniques destined to reduce the total cost of the product, process or service by keeping or improving its quality, evidencing the relation between value, function and the resources of which an organization undertakes the accomplishment of the productive activities. The aim of this study is to give a methodological contribution for the evaluation of the performance of a building in use through the analysis of the user´s perception of its attributes, using the POE and VA techniques. The degree of importance and the hierarchy of the determinative items of quality are considered. The proposed methodology suggests physical and organizational recommendations for the environment under study and provides input for the accomplishment of future projects. The expected result is the increase of the product quality of the Civil Construction Industry, in special, the building, where a special attention is given to the impact caused to the environment and also to the satisfaction of the users. As a result it was possible to charcterize the Areião Park raising its physical, environmental, organizational and behavioural aspects. The presented facts allowed a holistic compreenhension of the the Areião Park through its historical importance, its designed specifications, its buildings aspects and its meanings of use. / A APO (Avaliação Pós-ocupação) é uma metodologia de avaliação do ambiente construído, de seus componentes e atributos que reúnem um conjunto de avaliações do ponto de vista do usuário e avaliações por meio de ensaios de desempenho. A AV (Análise do Valor) é um conjunto de métodos e técnicas destinados a otimizar o produto, mantendo ou melhorando a sua qualidade, evidenciando a relação entre valor, função e os recursos de que uma organização empreende na realização das atividades produtivas. O objetivo deste estudo é dar uma contribuição metodológica para a avaliação do desempenho de um parque urbano, a partir da análise da percepção dos seus atributos pelo usuário, empregando técnicas de APO e AV. São considerados o grau de importância e a hierarquização dos itens determinantes da qualidade. Da metodologia obtém-se recomendações físicas e organizacionais para o ambiente em estudo e insumos para a realização de futuros projetos. Buscou-se o incremento da qualidade ambiental promovida por um parque urbano no município de Goiânia, Goiás, o Parque Areião, observando, por conseguinte, a satisfação da população. Como resultado foi possível caracterizar o Parque Areião, em seus aspectos físicos, ambientais, organizacionais e comportamentais. Os fatos apresentados permitiram uma compreensão holística do ambiente construído a partir da sua importância histórica, das especificações de projeto, dos aspectos construtivos e dos significados de utilização.

O projeto de espaços de trabalho exige, por parte do projetista, equacionar conflitos entre as diversas lógicas parciais dos vários usuários de um mesmo artefato. Compreender as relações estabelecidas entre os vários subsistemas que compõem a atividade de trabalho e dos ambientes leva, inevitavelmente, à necessidade de se desenvolver métodos de projeto que possam contemplar demandas inerentes a essa complexidade. Com efeito, poderíamos inferir que, na verdade, o que é preciso considerar na hora do projeto é a existência de uma interface entre o artefato de trabalho e o usuário. É o exercício pleno do uso dessa interface que permite aos usuários construírem sua experiência. Nessa experiência, encontramos os requisitos de projeto, e, para recuperá-la e fazer emergirem as necessidades do projeto, devemos lançar mão de métodos que se adéquem às condições atuais da prática projetual e às situações reais de uso dos artefatos. A evolução do artefato para instrumento resulta da associação dos artefatos com os esquemas de utilização dos seus usuários, reflexo da sua experiência. Metodologias como a Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho e a Avaliação Pós-Ocupação, apoiadas na Teoria da atividade, e por ela guiadas, podem ajudar na construção de uma reflexão consciente sobre a complexidade e as variáveis que surgem no uso dos ambientes de trabalho. O nosso grande labor no estudo de caso fundamenta-se no acompanhamento da atividade em curso, numa sala de controle de um sistema de Metrô. Durante as observações e levantamentos realizados, pudemos identificar a distância entre o projeto da sala e o trabalho real dos operadores e seus esquemas de utilização. O projeto tem sido reflexo de um processo de concepção que precisa ser incrementado, incorporando, definitivamente, características da atividade e a experiência dos usuários. / Design of work spaces demands from the designer solving conflicts which arise from the many partial logics of the various users of a same artifact. To understand the relations established between the many subsystems which make up the activity of work and its environment, leads inevitably to the need of developing design methods capable of dealing with the inherent demands of this complexity. Under this light, it is possible to infer that the existence of an interface between the work artifact and the user has to be considered when drafting a project. It is the very exercise of the use of this interface which allows users to construct their own experiences. Consequently, the design requirements are found within the experience itself, and, to recover it and impel the emergence of design\'s needs, one must forgo the methods which are linked to the current conditions of the accepted practices of design. The evolution from artifact to instrument results from the association of artifacts with the utilization schemes presented by users, a reflection of their own experiences. Methodologies, such as Ergonometric Analysis of Work and Post-Occupancy Evaluation, supported and guided by the Theory of activity, can help the construction of a conscientious reflection on both, complexity and variables which arise throughout the use of a work environment. The major work realized in this case study is based on the follow-up of in-progress activities within a subway\'s system control room. Observation and surveys carried out along this study identified a void between the design of the control room and the real work performed by the employees and their utilization schemes. Design should reflect a conception process which incorporates characteristics of both user activities and user experience.

As grandes cidades brasileiras apresentam, atualmente, um quadro de desigualdades e segregação fruto de décadas de conflitos pela ocupação do solo urbano, principalmente por meio das invasões. O acesso à terra urbana tornou-se uma barreira social que exclui, dos bens e serviços básicos da urbanização, grande parcela da população das cidades. Diversas ações, ou intervenções, têm sido implementadas no ambiente urbano no sentido de contornar os problemas causados por este tipo de ocupação, desde a remoção das favelas até as urbanizações atuais. Do passado, ficaram as críticas às remoções e ao padrão de conjuntos habitacionais de periferias, construídos pelo Banco Nacional da Habitação (BNH). Das ações atuais, destacando-se as urbanizações de favelas, pouco se sabe sobre o seu desempenho. Acrescenta-se à preocupação de avaliar estas ações, a necessidade de agregar, neste processo, a opinião dos moradores sobre o habitat recuperado. A Avaliação Pós-Ocupação (APO) e os sistemas indicadores têm sido utilizados como importantes ferramentas para o provimento de informações sobre o ambiente construído em diferentes escalas. Embora estes métodos reconheçam a importância da opinião dos usuários no processo de avaliação, eles ainda encontram dificuldades ao tratar os conceitos subjetivos de qualidade. Se por um lado, as incertezas presentes neste tipo de informação têm imposto limitações às análises tradicionais, por outro, o surgimento de novas teorias e modelos que buscam incorporar as variadas formas de incerteza às análises propiciam a criação de novos campos de pesquisa: a Lógica Fuzzy é um destes novos campos de pesquisa. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é estabelecer um método de análise de dados para a obtenção de indicadores de qualidade ambiental urbana em áreas recuperadas, levando em conta a opinião dos moradores, utilizando ferramentas de Lógica Fuzzy. Para isto, buscou-se aliar as técnicas utilizadas para Avaliação Pós-Ocupação (APO) e sistemas indicadores com a Lógica Fuzzy para desenvolver ferramentas de análise, representando formalmente as informações vagas ou mal definidas presentes neste tipo de avaliação. O método obtido é divido em seis etapas: (i) definição de variáveis/indicadores; (ii) coleta de dados; (iii) identificação de pontos positivos e negativos; (iv) obtenção de indicadores quantitativos e qualitativos; (v) análise de resultados e; (vi) relatório de qualidade ambiental. Os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios, onde se conseguiu agregar mais informação às análises realizadas. Os estudos desenvolvidos para a pesquisa piloto e para a validação do método em áreas do Programa Ribeira Azul revelaram grandes chances de sucesso das intervenções, mas também, problemas ainda não resolvidos que merecem atenção em projetos futuros. Por fim, recomenda-se a continuidade de pesquisas para o desenvolvimento de ferramentas baseadas na Lógica Fuzzy, visto o grande número de possibilidades de aplicações que se mostraram no decorrer desta pesquisa. / Large cities in Brazil currently present a picture of inequality and segregation resulting from decades of conflict over the occupation of urban land. Access to land has become a social barrier which excludes a large part of the urban population from basic urban goods and services. A number of initiatives - including slum clearance and upgrading - have been undertaken over the years in an effort to ameliorate the problems arising from informal occupation in urban environments. From past actions, criticism has been developed towards slum clearance and towards the pattern of periphery housing schemes built by the Housing National Bank (BNH). Little is known about the performance outcome of the current actions, including slum upgrading. Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) and indicator systems have been used as important tools for the provision of information on the built environment in different scales. Although these methods recognize the importance of the views of users in the evaluation process, they fail to adequately reflect the prevailing subjective concepts of quality. If on the one hand, the uncertainties in this type of information have imposed limitations on the traditional analysis, on the other hand, the emergence of new theories and models that seek to incorporate analysis of uncertainty creates new knowledge fields: Fuzzy Logic is one of these new fields. This thesis aims to establish a method of data analysis for environmental quality evaluation of upgraded urban areas, taking into account the views of dwellers using Fuzzy Logic. POE and indicator systems were combined with Fuzzy Logic to develop analysis tools that formally represent vague and ill-defined information presented in this kind of evaluation. The method obtained is composed of six stages: (i) definition of variables/indicators, (ii) data collection, (iii) identification of strengths and weaknesses, (iv) obtaining quantitative and qualitative indicators, (v) analysis of results and (vi) environmental quality report. Results were satisfactory and it was possible to add more information into analyses. Studies carried out in a pilot research and validation researches of this method in areas of the Ribeira Azul Program showed great chances of success of interventions, but they also showed unresolved problems that deserve attention in future projects. Finally, additional researches are recommended in continuation of this research for the development of tools based on fuzzy logic, since a large number of possibilities of applications were disclosed in the course of this research.