Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2004. / Supervisors: Cindy Carlson and Nancy Hazen-Swann. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also from UMI company.

Includes bibliographic references (p. 103-117).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2004. / Supervisor: Deborah Jacobvitz. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Griffith University, 2003. / "March 2003." Title taken from title screen (viewed October 25, 2007). Includes bibliographical references (p. 186-208) and appendices.

Background: A systematic use of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), symptoms of postpartum depression (PPD) can be identified at an early stage, followed by timely required actions. Mental health and well-being can be perceived as sensitive objective. Joyce Travelbee and Johan Cullberg advocate nursing theoretical approaches to promote good communication and crisis management, which is the fundamental base of this master thesis. Purpose: To study risk factors for postpartum depression (PPD). Method: A descriptive literature review based on 16 quantitative studies with different study designs. Results: Risk factors for PPD may be previous or current mental and physical health issues, childbirth experiences, and socioeconomic factors. Conclusion: The results indicates association between PPD and, ill health, delivery and socioeconomics. With increased knowledge about risk factors and the value of early measures and preventive efforts, chances to prevent PPD may increase.

Purpose: The purpose of this interpretive phenomenological study is to explore the lived experience of Haitian immigrant women living in Massachusetts with PPD. Specific Aims: Aim 1: To explore the lived experience of PPD among Haitian immigrant women. Aim 2: To explore how the experience of being Haitian influences Haitian immigrant women in their response to PPD. Framework: Leininger's Theory of Cultural Care (1988) guided the phenomenological approach and data collection. The Transcultural Care Decision & Action model contains three predictive modes for guiding nursing care judgments, decisions, or actions to provide care. Design: Interpretive phenomenology guided this qualitative study. Individual face-to-face interviews were conducted. The data from each interview were transcribed into a written document and analyzed using the Crist and Tanner five-step process. Results: This study yielded two themes; each theme has three dimensions. The first theme is “Feeling Disconnected” with three dimensions: (a) lack of support; (b) partner conflict; and, (c) nostalgia of Haiti. The second theme is “Feeling Reconnected” with three dimensions: (a) realization of needed help; (b) spirituality; and, (c) resilience. Conclusion: This study provides insight into the lived experience of Haitian women with PPD. Awareness of Haitian women’s actual experiences with PPD will help health care providers to identify and provide culturally appropriate care to this population.

No description available.

Objetivou-se nesse estudo relacionar a probabilidade de desenvolvimento de depressão pós-parto e o tempo de aleitamento materno em diferentes ambientes intrauterinos. Trata-se de um estudo observacional longitudinal composto por 229 pares mães-bebês selecionadas em dois hospitais públicos em Porto Alegre/RS, do nascimento até os 6 meses de vida da criança. As mães foram recrutadas e entrevistadas pessoalmente nos hospitais até 48h após o parto. As entrevistas com 7, 15, 90 dias foram realizadas no domicílio e as entrevistas com 30 e 180 dias no hospital. Para testar as associações entre o desfecho e as variáveis, teste qui-quadrado, correlação de Pearson e análise de Variância ou Kruskal-Wallis foram realizados. Para as análises multivariadas, modelos de regressões e matrizes de covariâncias foram feitas. No presente estudo, observou-se que a idade da mãe >20 anos é um fator importante para o desmame precoce e mostrou-se associado de forma significativa, com o desfecho, aos 4 meses de vida da criança: risco relativo =0,680; intervalo de confiança de 95%=[0,457-1,010] e p=0,05. Ao longo do seguimento, nos 6 meses da criança, esta variável não se manteve significativa: risco relativo=0,73; intervalo de confiança de 95%=[0,516-1,048] e p=0,08. O tempo médio de aleitamento materno foi de 158 dias. Observou-se que a probabilidade de depressão foi de 18,3%, 16,3% e 9,1% no 1º, 3º e 6º mês respectivamente. Observou-se que a situação conjugal (p=0,024), gestação planejada (p=0,002), gravidez anterior (p=0,02) e escolaridade da mãe e do pai (p=0,009 e 0,04) tem relação com a probabilidade de depressão pós-parto. Analisando os achados deste estudo verificou-se que não existe associação entre depressão pós-parto e o tempo de aleitamento materno em diferentes ambientes intrauterinos. A probabilidade de depressão não está relacionada com o tempo de aleitamento materno. A depressão pode ser associada com fatores sociais, independentes do aleitamento materno. Idade das mães maior que 20 anos está relacionada com a não manutenção da amamentação nos primeiros meses de vida da criança. / This study aimed to correlate the probability of postpartum depression development and maternal breastfeeding duration intrauterine in different environments. It is an observational and longitudinal study, consisting of 229 mother-child pairs selected in two public hospital in Porto Alegre/RS, from birth to 6 months of child’s life. Mothers were recruited and interviewed personally within 48 hours in hospitals after delivery. Interviews with 7, 15, 90 days were carried out at home and interviews with 30 and 180 days at the hospital. For assessing associations between the outcome and the explanatory variables, Chi-square and variance or Kruskal-Wallis analyzes were performed. For multivariate analysis, regression models and covariance matrices were made. It was observed that the mother’s age above 20 years is an important factor for early weaning, being it significantly associated with maternal breastfeeding duration, at 4 months: relative risk =0.680; confidence interval of 95%=[0.457-1.010] and p=0.05. At 6 months follow-up, this variable did not remain significant: relative risk =0.73; confidence interval of 95%=[0.516-1.048] and p=0.08. The mean duration of breastfeeding practice was 158 days. It was observed that maternal postpartum depression probability was 18.3%, 16.3% and 9.1% in the 1st, 3rd and 6th months, respectively. It was observed that the marital status (p=0.024), planned pregnancy (p=0.002), previous pregnancy (p=0.02) and educational level of the mother and father (p=0.009 and 0.04, respectively) are related to the probability of postpartum depression development. No associations were found between postpartum depression probability and maternal breastfeeding duration in different intrauterine environments. Taken together, maternal postpartum depression probability could be associated with other social factors, independent of breastfeeding, and maternal age above 20 years is associated with no longer breastfeeding duration in the first month after birth.

abstract: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a significant public health concern affecting up to half a million U.S. women annually. Mexican-American women experience substantially higher rates of PPD, and represent an underserved population with significant health disparities that put these women and their infants at greater risk for substantial psychological and developmental difficulties. The current study utilized data on perceived stress, depression, maternal parenting behavior, and infant social-emotional and cognitive development from 214 Mexican-American mother-infant dyads. The first analysis approach utilized a latent intercept (LI) model to examine how overall mean levels and within-person deviations of perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and maternal parenting behavior are related across the postpartum period. Results indicated large, positive between- and within-person correlations between perceived stress and depression. Neither perceived stress nor depressive symptoms were found to have significant between- or within-person associations with the parenting variables. The second analysis approach utilized an autoregressive cross-lagged model with tests of mediation to identify underlying mechanisms among perceived stress, postpartum depressive symptoms, and maternal parenting behavior in the prediction of infant social-emotional and cognitive development. Results indicated that increased depressive symptoms at 12- and 18-weeks were associated with subsequent reports of increased perceived stress at 18- and 24-weeks, respectively. Perceived stress at 12-weeks was found to be negatively associated with subsequent non-hostility at 18-weeks, and both sensitivity and non-hostility were found to be associated with infant cognitive development and social-emotional competencies at 12 months of age (52-weeks), but not with social-emotional problems. The results of the mediation analyses showed that non-hostility at 18- and 24-weeks significantly mediated the association between perceived stress at 12-weeks and infant cognitive development and social-emotional competencies at 52-weeks. The findings extend research that sensitive parenting in early childhood is as important to the development of cognitive ability, social behavior, and emotion regulation in ethnic minority cultures as it is in majority culture families; that maternal perceptions of stress may spillover into parenting behavior, resulting in increased hostility and negatively influencing infant cognitive and social-emotional development; and that symptoms of depressed mood may influence the experience of stress. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Psychology 2014