Thesis title: Evaluation of postural stability and postural strategy in obese people Objectives: The main objective was to evaluate postural stability using computer posturography in obese people and assess whether three-month exercise training with a focus on sensorimotor stimulation has an effect on postural stability. Methods: This is a cross-sectional experimental study. The research group consisted of 20 probands aged 30 to 62 years with BMI values of 31.1-53.5 kg / m2, from which the general posturography was evaluated. The effect of sensorimotor training was subsequently assessed of 13 probands, who were divided into two groups - interventional (n = 6) and control (n = 7). The measurement was performed using static computer posturography and computer goniometry processed by the freeStep software system. To compare the effect of sensorimotor training, measurements were performed twice in the intervention and control groups, over a period of approximately three months. Postural stability was evaluated based on the Sway test. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 24 software. Statistical significance was determined at the level of α = 0.05, the result where p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: General posturography in the research group showed a...

Title: Evaluation of selected postural stability parameters of diabetic patients Objectives: The main objective of this thesis is to describe the level of postural stability using the selected parameters in diabetes mellitus type 2 and to try to find a relationship between the severity of disease. We also want to compare the level of postural stability for such an illness with respect to the values of selected parameters of the healthy population. Methods: It is a descriptive study. The theoretical part was the basis of the processing problems of diabetes mellitus, with a focus on neuropathy. After that we evaluate data of selected parameters of postural stability in diabetes mellitus type 2. The second part involves the experiment, which refers to the evaluation of this issue in terms of posturographic analysis. A group of 30 type 2 diabetic patients were divided according to their diabetologist disease severity into 4 groups. A control group of healthy subjects included a sample of 7 probands. The patient group was composed of 18 men and 12 women, whose average age was 62.63 ± 15.55 years, average weight 91.17 ± 19.97 kg, who were subjected to measurement using a pressure plate FootScan (RScan International, Belgium). Results: We managed to prove, that subjects with diabetic neuropathy have...

Title: Postural Stability in Adults with Down Syndrome Objectives: The goal of the thesis was to compare postural stability in individuals with Down syndrome and the control group comprising of healthy individuals, and to compare postural stability in adult men with Down syndrome and adult women with Down syndrome. Methods: The empirical part of the thesis was based on data collected from a pressure sensing platform MobileMat 3140 by Tekscan. The study was made up of 52 probands (30 men and 22 women). The probands were separated into the experimental and the control group based on their Down syndrome diagnosis. The experimental group consisted of 11 men and 15 women, with the average age being 38,4 ± 8,7 years, the average height 156 ± 7,2 cm, and the average weight 75,1 ± 16,2 kg. Similarly, the control group consisted of 11 men and 15 women, with the average age being 38,8 ± 9,2 years, the average height 175 ± 10,1 cm, and the average weight 78,9 ± 14,5 kg. The participants were measured in four modifications of the bipedal stance: wide base of support with the eyes open; wide base of support with the eyes closed; narrow base of support with the eyes open; narrow base of support with the eyes closed. Each measuring session took 30 seconds. Results: Six parameters of postural stability were...

Title: The assessment of the dynamic postural stability of female floorball players Objectives: The objective of this thesis is to assess the women's dynamic postural stability who are actively playing floorball at league level and subsequently compare the obtained data with controlled group that is not actively practicing any specific sport activity. Methods: There have been incorporated 48 women in this pilot study. The division into the groups was not randomized due to the specification of this survey, therefore it is a quota selection. The experimental group has been piled up of 24 monitored women who are professionally playing floorball on a league level min. 3 years. The control group incorporates 24 women who are practising sports only at a recreational level. In order to evaluate dynamic postural stability, the following device has been used from the company NeuroCom, specifically SmartTest System type and used test bateries: Limits of Stability, Motor Control Test, Senzory Organization Test, Adaptation Test, Rytmic Weight Shift, Unilateral Stance a Weight Bearing Squat. The evaluation of measured data was registred and compiled by original programme NeuroCom Balance Manager Software. The obtained measured results from both groups have been statistically evaluated as per statistical method...

La fonction d’équilibration est une fonction complexe qui implique une interaction entre les systèmes somatosensoriel, vestibulaire et visuelle qui en assurent la régulation. En pathologie, le contrôle de la posture et de l’équilibre peut être atteint comme dans le cas de neuropathies périphériques qui se caractérisent par une atteinte des fibres sensitives et motrices de niveau variable. Les neuropathies à prédominance sensitive sont dénommées neuropathies ataxiantes ; elles se caractérisent au niveau des membres inférieurs par l’atteinte proprioceptive qui peut entraîner des troubles de la posture et de l’équilibre en condition statique, dynamique ou encore lors de la marche. Ce travail rapporte trois méthodes d’évaluation élaborées dans les trois conditions d’équilibration afin de mieux caractériser les troubles de l’équilibre de cette population. L’évaluation de l’équilibre en condition statique sur une plateforme de force nous a permis de caractériser le poids des atteintes sensorielles et motrices dans les neuropathies à condition d’y inclure la mesure du paramètre de limite de l’équilibre qui dissocie le plus ces deux composantes. En condition dynamique, l’analyse de l’équilibre sur une plateforme de force motorisée « IsiMove » nous a permis de créer un score composé qui discrimine les troubles de l’équilibre d’une population de sujets ataxiques caractérisé par une instabilité majeure en conditions quasi statique (basse fréquence de déstabilisation) et une instabilité moins marquée en conditions plus dynamiques (hautes fréquences). Au cours de la marche, les lunettes eye-tracker se sont avérées constituer un outil pertinent pour l’analyse de la compensation visuelle, à la fois reproductible et sensible à la pathologie. Cette technologie nous a aidés à caractériser quantitativement une stratégie visuelle mise en place par les patients ataxiques lors de la locomotion. Les résultats de ce travail de thèse ouvrent différentes perspectives en ce qui concerne l’élaboration de programmes de rééducation plus spécifiques pour cette population, et la caractérisation instrumentale de nouveaux profils de troubles de l’équilibre des patients présentant une instabilité d’origine neurologique. / The balance function is a complex function that involves interaction between the somatosensory, the vestibular and the visual systems, the latter ensuring the equilibrium function regulation. In pathology, the control of posture and balance can be impaired as in the case of peripheral neuropathies, characterized by the impairment of sensory and motor fibers of variable level. Predominantly sensory neuropathies are called ataxic neuropathies; they are characterized by proprioceptive impairment in the lower limbs that can lead to disorders of posture and balance in static or dynamic condition, or even during gait. This study reports three assessment methods developed under the three balance conditions to better characterize balance disorders concerning this population. Balance assessment under static condition on a force platform has enabled us to characterize the weight of the sensory and motor impairments in neuropathies, provided that by the inclusion of measuring the limits of equilibrium balance parameter, which separates the most these two components. Under dynamic conditions, the analysis of balance on the motorized force platform "IsiMove" allowed us to create a composed score that distinguishes balance disorders in a population of ataxic subjects, which is characterized by major instability in quasi-static conditions (low frequency instability) and a less marked instability in more dynamic conditions (high frequencies). During gait, the eye tracker glasses have proven to be a relevant tool for the analysis of visual compensation, both reproducible and sensitive to the pathology. This technology has helped us to quantitatively characterize the visual strategy implemented by ataxic patients during locomotion. The results of this thesis open different perspectives regarding the development of more specific rehabilitation programs for this population. It also opens different perspectives on the instrumental characterization of new profiles of balance disorders in patients with instability of neurological origin.

We followed the immediate effect of sensorimotor training on postural stability in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA). We have tried to explain the possible mechanisms of adaptation to change COP, motor learning and neuroplasticity in the field of neurodegenerative changes in the cerebellum. Research Methods: A total of 10 patients with spinocerebellar ataxia (6 men, 4 women) aged 34-71 years, with an average disease duration of 11.6 years participated in the measurement of postural stability. First, we measured the patients with SCA before and after a 15-minute sensorimotor-training exercise, then this group underwent another day of the same measurement without sensorimotor training. As a second control group of 10 healthy subjects served a similar age, who also underwent sensorimotor training. Then we compared the results of posturographic measurement. Results: In the group of SCA patients, sensorimotor training was found significantly lower values in the monitored parameters LENGTH (t stat = 3,537731 > t krit = 2,262157), VELOCITY (t stat = 3,537731 > t krit = 2,262157) and energy to sustain COP (t stat = 2,715085 > t krit = 2,262157), measured on a foam pad with eyes closed. Measurement without making sensorimotor training produced no significant improvement in the results of monitored...