Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-07-14T22:58:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 02c.pdf: 4143631 bytes, checksum: f74eb64ed042d68302da8c134a634656 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-14T22:58:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 02c.pdf: 4143631 bytes, checksum: f74eb64ed042d68302da8c134a634656 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Com o objetivo de reduzir a geração de resíduos nos processos industriais e agrícolas, bem como melhor reaproveitá-los, seja no próprio processo produtivo ou como matéria-prima na elaboração de outros materiais, tem-se cada vez mais investido em pesquisas para a transformação destes, até então considerados apenas resíduos industriais, em produtos de interesse comercial. Neste sentido, as cascas residuais oriundas do processo de beneficiamento de arroz vêm sendo utilizadas como combustível, visando ao aproveitamento energético. Mediante a queima da casca de arroz é gerada a cinza de casca de arroz composta basicamente de sílica, potencializando o uso deste resíduo em diferentes segmentos industriais. Muitos trabalhos aplicam a cinza de casca de arroz na construção civil, visto que grande parte dessas cinzas apresenta características pozolânicas decorrente da alta concentração de sílica amorfa presente no material. Pesquisas têm demonstrado que estas cinzas também apresentam potencialidade de aplicação como material adsorvente. No entanto, a cinza de casca de arroz apresenta-se, muitas vezes, como um material heterogêneo tanto na sua composição granulométrica quanto na sua composição química. Estas características podem interferir nas aplicações limitando seu aproveitamento. A segregação dos resíduos é uma técnica amplamente aplicada no gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos industriais e pode oportunizar a reciclagem dos materiais segregados. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem como proposta principal contribuir para a valorização do resíduo cinza de casca de arroz como co-produto através da etapa de segregação. Foi estudada a influência da segregação da cinza da casca de arroz nas características fisicoquímicas, bem como no seu desempenho como material pozolânico e adsorvente. As amostras e as frações segregadas foram caracterizadas através de parâmetros físicos (perda ao fogo, massa específica, área superficial, distribuição granulométrica) parâmetros químicos (análise química, difração de raio-X) e parâmetros microestruturais (microscopia eletrônica de varredura com espectro de dispersão de energia-EDS). A atividade pozolânica foi determinada após moagem das amostras e das frações através de ensaios de Pozolanicidade com o cimento e Condutividade Elétrica. Os ensaios de adsorção foram realizados com soluções de Cr(VI). O cromo residual foi quantificado pelo método colorimétrico da 1,5- difenilcarbazida. Resultados obtidos demonstraram que a segregação configura-se numa etapa importante, pois remove impurezas e contaminantes presentes na amostra, bem como origina frações diferentes, evidenciadas nos ensaios de caracterização. Nos ensaios de atividade pozolânica, observou-se que a influência da segregação relaciona-se com o tipo de processo de combustão aplicado para a obtenção da cinza. Nos ensaios de adsorção, observou-se que a segregação influenciou na remoção de cromo hexavalente. O estudo demonstrou, nas condições testadas, a viabilidade do uso de cinza de casca de arroz na adsorção do metal quando ajustados os parâmetros do processo que favoreçam a remoção dos íons de cromo. / The main objective for the industry is to reduce the generation of wastes, or to find better uses to them, such as in the own productive process or as raw material in the elaboration of other materials. Also, a great amount of funds has been invested in researches for the transformation of such wastes, in by-products of commercial interest. In this way, the rice husk from the rice processing have been used as combustible, for producing energy. Rice husk ashes are generated from the rice husk burning, which presents a potential to be used as raw material in the production of several products in different industry sectors. Most of the works apply the rice husk ash in civil construction, because a great part of those ashes present pozzolanic characteristics as a result of their amorphous chemical structure and the high silica content. In fact, between other factors, the pozzolanicity of rice husk ash depends on the thermal process applied to the rice husk during burning. Researches have been demonstrating that the ashes also may be potentiality applied as adsorbent. However, the rice husk ash comes, many times, as a heterogeneous material so much in your particle size distribution as in your chemical composition. These characteristics can interfere in the applications limiting your use. The segregation of the wastes is thoroughly a technique applied in the administration of industrial solid waste and it can guarantee the recycle of the segregated materials. This work has as main objective to contribute for the valorization of the waste rice husk ash as coproduct through the segregation stage. It was studied the influence of the segregation of the rice husk ash, in physical-chemical characteristics, as well as your acting as pozzolanic and adsorbent. The samples and segregated fractions were characterized via physical (fire loss, specific gravity, specific surface area, particle size distribution), chemical (chemical analysis, X Ray diffraction) and microstructural parameters (scanning electronic microscopy with energy dispersion spectroscopy – EDS). The pozzolanic activity was determined after grinding the samples and the fractions via Cement pozzolanic and Electric Conductivity Methods. The adsorption rehearsals were accomplished with Cr(VI) solutions, that was quantified by the colorimeter method using 1,5-difenilcarbazida. Results demonstrated that the segregation became an important step, because removes impurities and contaminants from the samples and also originates fractions with different characteristics. It was observed, in pozzolanic activity, that the influence of the segregation links with the type of applied combustion process for the obtaining of the ash. It was observed, in adsorption rehearsals, that the segregation influenced in the removal of chromium (VI). Adsorption results showed, considering the experimental conditions in this work, the viability of the use of rice husk ash in the adsorption of chromium (VI) when adjusted the process’s parameters that guarantee the removal of chromium.

L’incorporation de sous-produits agricoles ou de matériaux naturels dans la matrice cimentaire confère des propriétés intéressantes aux composites élaborés. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’élaborer un matériau pouvant répondre aux exigences mécaniques, thermiques et de durabilité des matériaux de construction en zone tropicale humide. Dans un premier temps, l’activité pouzzolanique d’une pouzzolane naturelle, de cendres de tronc de bambou et de cendres de bagasse de canne à sucre ont été évaluées. L’influence de leur incorporation a été ensuite étudiée sur les propriétés mécaniques et la durabilité des mortiers exposés à des ions chlorures et sulfates. Dans un second temps, l’influence de l’ajout de fibres de bagasse sur les propriétés thermiques et mécaniques des composites a été étudiée en fonction de différents paramètres (teneur en fibres, environnement de vieillissement, type de matrice cimentaire).Les résultats obtenus ont permis de montrer que les matériaux étudiés possèdent une activité pouzzolanique et qu’il est possible de les incorporer au ciment afin de lutter contre la corrosion. De plus, les composites élaborés avec des fibres de bagasse sont plus isolants que ceux élaborés sans fibres. Cependant, du point de vue des propriétés mécaniques, l’incorporation de fibres de bagasse diminue les contraintes à la flexion des composites. / The incorporation of crop wastes or natural materials in the cement matrix confers interesting properties to composites prepared. The aim of this thesis is to develop a material that can reach the mechanical, thermal and durability requirements for building materials in the humid tropical zone. Firstly, pozzolanic activity of a natural pozzolan, bamboo stem and sugar cane bagasse ashes has been determined. Influence of their incorporation on mechanical properties and durability of mortars exposed to chloride and sulphate ions was studied. Secondly, influence of addition of bagasse fibers on thermal and mechanical properties of composites was studied as a function of various parameters (fibers content, curing, type of cement matrix).These results has shown that the materials studied have pozzolanic activity and it is possible to incorporate them into the cement to fight against corrosion. Moreover, composites elaborated with bagasse fibers are more insulating than those elaborated without fibers. However, from the viewpoint of mechanical properties, incorporation of bagasse fibers decreases flexural strength of composites in the present work and under the conditions producing procedures that were adopted.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LornnaLAG_DISSERT.pdf: 2131175 bytes, checksum: 63e4a76183bcbcfcae20c296d8b0364d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-31 / Cementing operation is one of the most important stages in the oil well drilling processes and has main function to form hydraulic seal between the various permeable zones traversed by the well. However, several problems may occur with the cement sheath, either during primary cementing or during the well production period. Cements low resistance can cause fissures in the cement sheath and compromise the mechanical integrity of the annular, resulting in contamination of groundwater and producing zones. Several researches show that biomass ash, in particular, those generated by the sugarcane industry have pozzolanic activity and can be added in the composition of the cementing slurries in diverse applications, providing improvements in mechanical properties, revenue and cement durability. Due to the importance of a low cost additive that increases the mechanical properties in a well cementing operations, this study aimed to potentiate the use of sugarcane bagasse ash as pozzolanic material, evaluate the mechanisms of action of this one on cement pastes properties and apply this material in systems slurries aimed to cementing a well with 800 m depth and geothermal gradient of 1.7 ?F/100 ft, as much primary cementing operations as squeeze. To do this, the ash beneficiation methods were realized through the processes of grinding, sifting and reburning (calcination) and then characterization by X-ray fluorescence, XRD, TG / DTG, specific surface area, particle size distribution by laser diffraction and mass specific. Moreover, the ash pozzolanic activity added to the cement at concentrations of 0%, 20% and 40% BWOC was evaluated by pozzolanic activity index with lime and with Portland cement. The evaluation of the pozzolanic activity by XRD, TG / DTG and compressive strength confirmed the ash reactivity and indicated that the addition of 20% in the composition of cement slurries produces improvement 34% in the mechanical properties of the slurry cured. Cement slurries properties evaluated by rheological measurements, fluid loss, free fluid, slurry sedimentation, thickening time and sonic strength (UCA) were satisfactory and showed the viability of using the sugarcane ash in cement slurries composition for well cementing / A opera??o de cimenta??o ? uma das etapas mais importantes no processo de perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo e tem a fun??o primordial de promover a veda??o hidr?ulica entre as diversas zonas perme?veis atravessadas pelo po?o. No entanto, v?rios problemas podem ocorrer com a bainha de cimento, seja durante a cimenta??o prim?ria ou no decorrer do per?odo produtivo do po?o. Cimentos de baixa resist?ncia podem causar trincas na bainha de cimento e comprometer a integridade mec?nica do anular, resultando em contamina??o de len??is fre?ticos e zonas produtoras. V?rias pesquisas comprovam que cinzas de biomassa, em particular, as geradas pela ind?stria sucroalcooleira apresentam atividade pozol?nica e podem ser adicionadas na composi??o das pastas cimentantes em diversas aplica??es, proporcionando benef?cios nas propriedades mec?nicas, no rendimento e na durabilidade do cimento. Dada a import?ncia de um aditivo de baixo custo e que aumenta as propriedades mec?nicas em uma opera??o de cimenta??o de po?os, este trabalho objetivou potencializar o uso da cinza de biomassa da cana-de-a??car (CBCC) como material pozol?nico, avaliar os mecanismos de atua??o desta nas propriedades de pastas de cimento e aplicar este material em sistemas de pastas destinadas ? cimenta??o de um po?o com 800 m de profundidade e gradiente geot?rmico de 1,7 ?F/100 p?s, tanto para as opera??es de cimenta??o prim?ria quanto corretiva (squeeze). Para isso, foram realizados m?todos de beneficiamento da cinza atrav?s dos processos de moagem, peneiramento e requeima (calcina??o) e, em seguida, a caracteriza??o por fluoresc?ncia de raios-X, DRX, TG/DTG, superf?cie espec?fica, granulometria a laser e massa espec?fica. Al?m disso, a atividade pozol?nica da cinza, adicionada ao cimento nas concentra??es de 0% (pasta padr?o), 20% e 40% BWOC, foi avaliada pelo ?ndice da atividade pozol?nica com a cal e com o cimento Portland. A avalia??o da atividade pozol?nica atrav?s das an?lises de DRX, TG/DTG e resist?ncia ? compress?o comprovaram a reatividade do material e indicaram que a adi??o de 20% de cinza na composi??o das pastas produz melhorias em at? 34% das propriedades mec?nicas da pasta endurecida. As propriedades das pastas avaliadas atrav?s dos ensaios de propriedades reol?gicas, perda de filtrado, ?gua livre, estabilidade, tempo de espessamento e resist?ncia ? compress?o (UCA) mostraram-se satisfat?rias e indicaram a viabilidade da utiliza??o da cinza na composi??o das pastas de cimento para po?os de petr?leo

This diploma thesis mainly tracks the effect of grinding technology on the final properties of portland cement and selected pozzolanic materials. For grinding of portland cement, was also observed the effect of storage time on the final mechanical properties and hydratation process. Pozzolan activity of selected materials was monitored by evaluation of the reaction with CaO by differential thermal analysis.

Natural pozzolanic materials played an important role in Ancient architecture. In the last decades and nowadays it is artifical pozzolan which especially finds its use as an additive to mortar and concrete to improve some, especially the mechanical properties. This master thesis deals with study of pozzolan type of fine brick powder which is a by-product of the production of calibrated bricks. Along with studying pozzolanic activity of brick powder, lime mortar with different proportions of brick powder as an additive or replacement of lime dust are investigated. What is observed is its impact on the consistency of these mortar, water absorption, strength in time or fracture-mechanical parameters of mortar. The results may indicate the possible potential use of this source of pozzolanic admixture in lime mortar and plaster which are nowadays mainly used for the restoration of facades of historic buildings.