0 / SPK / specialcollections@tulane.edu

Aims: To evaluate end of life practices among hospitalised children who died of HIV/AIDS. Design: Retrospective chart review. Setting: A public, secondary and tertiary children's teaching hospital in a developing country. Patients: A consecutive series of in-patient deaths among HIV-infected children. Main Outcome Measures: Identification of patients as dying, presence of do not resuscitate (DNR) orders, documentation of comfort care plans, whether end of life decisions were discussed with parents or caretakers, nature of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in the last 24 hours of life, and presence of pain and distress in the last 48 hours of life. Results: 165 out of 167 in-patient deaths were reviewed. 79% of patients died in the general wards. The median age of patients was 4 months. The median length of hospitalisation was 6 days. 30% of patients fell in Category B. Patients with shorter lengths of stay were more likely to fall in Category B (median 4 days versus 7 days, P=0.0000). About 1 quarter of patients had a median length of stay of 25 days. 84% of patients had a DNR order, with a median of 4 days between admission and documentation of the order. DNR orders appeared simultaneously in only 41 % of medical and nursing entries. 39% and 63% respectively of doctors did not document their justification for the DNR order or whether it had been discussed with parents. 50% of patients were identified as dying. Terminology such as 'TLC' and 'keep comfortable' designated 44% of patients to receive comfort care only. The median time between admission and identifying a patient as dying and documenting a comfort plan was 5 days and 7 days respectively. In 44% of folders there was no indication of whether the comfort plan had been discussed with parents. 73% and 62% respectively of patients with comfort plans received IV fluids and IV antibiotics in their last 24 hours of life. 55% of patients who died in general wards experienced pain and distress in the last 48 hours of life. Respiratory symptomatology and oral and oesophageal candidiasis accounted for most discomfort. 2 in 5 patients with a comfort plan failed to receive analgesia, despite pain and distress. Conclusions: Despite extreme diagnostic and prognostic uncertainty, doctors made key end of life decisions. Doctors' practices often failed to meet procedural and ethical requirements in professional guidelines. Failure to discuss DNR orders or comfort plans with parents ignores their role as principal decision makers for their children. The low rate of comfort plans, compared to DNR orders, suggests doctors had difficulty making the transition from curative to palliative care. Many comfort plans were incoherent and included interventions neither meant for, nor likely to promote patients' comfort. Whilst fear of hastening death may explain doctors' reluctance to prescribe adequate analgesia, undertreating pain and distress in a dying child is of more concern morally and medically than the risk of suppressing respiratory effort. To achieve better end of life care for HIV-infected children, it will be necessary to improve practice patterns. A structured medical treatment plan that focuses on goals of care is proposed to manage transitions from life-sustaining treatment to palliation.

The purpose of this study was to examine how and why elementary school principals collaborate with their teaching staff to facilitate a commitment to educating students with disabilities in the general education classroom. The researcher used a qualitative multiple case study of three elementary schools to gather the data to answer the research questions posed for the study. The primary methodology for collecting data was from coding semi-structured audiotaped interviews with principals and selected general and special education teachers who were collaborating for the purpose of integrating students with disabilities into general education classrooms for part of their academic instruction. Informal interviews or purposeful conversations were also conducted with other selected general and special education teachers and paraprofessionals at the elementary school sites. Coding procedures followed those used in grounded theory. The study demonstrated that principals play a major role in how students with disabilities are successfully integrated into general education classrooms. Six themes emerged that are consistent with the related literature on the generally effective practices of school administrators. First, principals must work with their staff to cultivate a school climate that nurtures all students in an environment where they all belong, where high expectations are set for all students, and where teachers can teach all children. Second, principals must establish an open system of communication that allows all teachers and parents to share their feelings about the inclusion process at their school and to make recommendations for change if needed. Third, school administrators must work with their faculty to develop mutual goals and to resolve problems. Fourth, principals must assume responsibility for ensuring the necessary support for school policies, including integrating students with disabilities into the general education classrooms. Responsibility was defined as providing instructional, staffing, and emotional support. Fifth, principals must give high priority to providing coordinated planning time for teachers who are working together to facilitate effective communication, team problem solving, and monitoring of student progress. Sixth, principals must support ongoing staff development opportunities that provide information and strategies for working in a school environment that is accepting of all members of the school community. / Ed. D.

Dissertation submitted to the faculty of education in partial fulfilments of the requirements for the Decree of Masters of Education in the Department of Curriculum and Instructional studies at the University of Zululand, 2018. / The purpose of this study was to investigate the leadership practices that promote effective teaching and learning in primary schools in the King Cetshwayo District. The King Cetshwayo District was chosen, because it has both rural and urban schools, though rural schools are dominant. Both rural and urban schools in this district face the same disadvantages. This study was qualitative in nature and adopted structured interviews to investigate leadership practices that promote effective teaching and learning in the targeted area. The findings revealed that the principals as school leaders perceived leadership practices differently; this leads to huge differences in their leadership. The findings also confirmed that the school principals shared the same activities and practise differently, but for the same purpose of promoting effective teaching and learning in schools they lead. This study further revealed that school leaders need to work together and discuss the ways to overcome the challenges they face, in order to progress and prosper in their leadership practices. The following recommendations were made based on the findings from the interviews. The idea was to determine which leadership practices promote effective teaching and learning in the King Cetshwayo District. It is recommended that the school leaders should plan the workshops where they will gain knowledge regarding the effective practising of their roles effectively to promote teaching and learning in the schools they lead, the school leaders should attend academic meetings set to help them and understand curriculum matters.

<p>Employing the concept of "governmentality" developed by French poststructuralist Michel Foucault. this study investigates religious practices in congregational and in _ interdenominational associations as well as the religious discourse of the local clergy and newspaper editors. It works at the local level to place religion in the public and private spaces of late nineteenth-century London Ontario. Methodologically it departs from many important local studies of religion in society by adopting a cultural rather than demographic approach. This approach allows attention to the diversities and ambiguities of religious practices and discourses as the churches negotiated their place in liberal society.</p> <p>The argument suggests that religion was called upon to produce self-governing citizens to ensure the efficiency of the liberal society corning into being in London. The arts of government this liberal society required centered on disciplines of freedom which religion could provide to the degree it conformed to the liberal imperatives of rationality, universality, and harmony across traditional sectional divides. Thus religion had public place in ensuring social stability just as it had in its traditional establishment role. However the governmentality of freedom had changed the spaces in which religion could work. Individual freedom of conscience in matters religious was essential to liberal society and thus religion had to fulfill its public role without public authority. Moreover, the power of religion to provide an alternative construction of reality to that of liberal society required that religion itself be carefully controlled and disciplined by liberal values. In this situation local congregations and local clergy were inspired to contribute to the spiritual and material project of constructing a religion worthy of a free people, but, in doing so, found the practices that grounded their identity in a particular way of being Christian challenged and eroded.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

No / Although various firms adopt and implement multiple human resource practices as best practices (means), a substantial number of firms fail to realize their objectives (ends). The practices of firms are frequently decoupled from their intended outcomes. By leveraging the concept of means-ends decoupling, which refers to the gap between practices and outcomes, our research examines this important but underexplored phenomenon, which the traditional concept of policy-practice decoupling fails to fully account for. Hence, organizational agency is both conceptualized and measured as consistency and competence. The manner in which this variable affects the implementation and performance of human resource practices is tested with the effect of means-ends decoupling on firm performance. Our results add new evidence that organizational agency has an important role in the process of implementing practices and that it provides additional insights into the relationships between adoption and implementation, which are two distinct institutional dimensions of practices, as well as their different firm consequences.

by So Ying-lun. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-91). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Focus of the Study / Chapter 1.2 --- Importance of the Study / Chapter II --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1 --- Definitions --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Illegal or Unethical? --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Public Sector vs. Private Sector Corruption --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- What are 'Private' Gains? --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Defining Corruption for This Study --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2 --- Extent of the Problem of Corruption in the PRC --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Official Figures on Corruption --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Perceptions of the Seriousness of Corruption in the PRC --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Open Admission of Direct Experience of Corruption in China --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Extent of the Problem in Terms of the Amount of Briber Taken --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3 --- Causes of the Problem in China --- p.18 / Chapter 2.4 --- Characteristics of Corruption in the PRC --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Generalizations about the Details of Corruption in the PRC --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Factors Affecting Frequency of Corruption Encountered --- p.22 / Chapter 2.5 --- Different Considerations Relating to How Graft is Handled --- p.23 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Ethical Issues --- p.24 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Legal Considerations --- p.29 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Political Considerations --- p.36 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- Pressures of the Marketplace --- p.38 / Chapter 2.6 --- Coping with Corruption --- p.39 / Chapter 2.7 --- Research Questions --- p.43 / Chapter III. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.45 / Chapter 3.1 --- Research Approach --- p.45 / Chapter 3.2 --- Data Collection --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Sampling --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- The Interview --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3 --- Data Analysis --- p.50 / Chapter IV. --- RESULTS --- p.52 / Chapter 4.1 --- Informants' Perception of the Extent of the Problem --- p.52 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- How Serious is the Problem? --- p.52 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Seriousness in terms of Effects on PRC Business --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2 --- Respondents' Perception of the Causes of the Problem --- p.54 / Chapter 4.3 --- Characteristics I: Details of Corruption in China --- p.55 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Who and How are Bribes Initiated? --- p.55 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- What Favours are Provided y Bribes? --- p.56 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Corruption Becoming More Organized --- p.57 / Chapter 4.4 --- Characteristics II: Factors Affecting Level of Corruption Encountered --- p.58 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Country of Origin of Foreign Company --- p.58 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Location in China --- p.59 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Experience in Dealing with Foreign Companies --- p.60 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Size of the Deal --- p.60 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Degree of Government Regulations --- p.60 / Chapter 4.4.6 --- Size and Reputation of the Chinese Partner --- p.60 / Chapter 4.4.7 --- Other Factors Influencing the Level of Corruption Encountered --- p.60 / Chapter 4.5 --- Considerations Leading to A Decision on How to Handle the Problem --- p.62 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Importance Placed on Each Aspect --- p.62 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Ethical Aspects --- p.63 / Chapter 4.5.3 --- Legal Aspects --- p.63 / Chapter 4.5.4 --- Political Aspects --- p.64 / Chapter 4.5.5 --- Profitability Considerations --- p.65 / Chapter 4.6 --- Coping with Corruption --- p.66 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- Standing Firm --- p.66 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- Besides Saying “No´ح --- p.67 / Chapter 4.7 --- Expectations About the Future of Corruption in the PRC --- p.68 / Chapter V. --- DISCUSSIONS --- p.70 / Chapter 5.1 --- Extent of Problem --- p.70 / Chapter 5.2 --- Causes of the Problem --- p.72 / Chapter 5.3 --- Characteristics I: Details of Corruption Encountered --- p.72 / Chapter 5.4 --- Characteristics II: Factors Affecting Level of Corruption Encountered --- p.73 / Chapter 5.5 --- Considerations Leading to A Decision on How to Handle the Problem --- p.76 / Chapter 5.6 --- Coping with Corruption --- p.77 / Chapter 5.7 --- Causes and Future Development of the Problem --- p.77 / Chapter VI. --- CONCLUSION --- p.80 / Chapter 6.1 --- Where Do We Go from Here --- p.80 / Chapter 6.2 --- Limitations of the Study --- p.80 / APPENDIX --- p.92 / REFERENCES --- p.91

祝逸雯. / "2013年9月". / "2013 nian 9 yue". / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 183-205). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract in Chinese and English. / Zhu Yiwen.

Magister Commercii (Industrial Psychology) - MCom(IPS) / Positive organisational practices are actions performed by employees within the workplace that enhance worker and organisational wellness. In identifying positively deviant organisations, specific positive practices within the organisation were studied as an online desk research. This study is based on a backdrop of a study by Cameron et al. (2011) where the authors theorise about certain positive practices, but do not stipulate actual practices. In understanding what these positive practices look like, the study used the interpretive paradigm. Through qualitative inquiry, thematic analysis was used to expand the understanding of manifest positive practices in organisations. The researcher used two significant ways of gathering the data, both through the internet; looking up "top" and "happiest" companies to work for as well as looking at the International Positive Psychology Association (IPPA) Network online resources and Michigan Ross School of Business online page. All of the data gathered (150 pieces) was from secondary internet / online sources. The results generated 13 themes, of which five stood out as most salient: social interactions at work, inclusivity of all differences, mindfulness, transparent/open communication and creativity/innovation. The study concludes by identifying similarities between Cameron et al. (2011) and the study results, and proposes a link between 11 of the themes. Furthermore, the results suggest that seven of the study’s practices coincide with one particular practice from Cameron et al. (2011): ‘inspiring’ others in the workplace. The significance of the study includes the expanded understanding of positive organisational (manifest) practices that take place in positively deviant organisations. By comparing and contrasting these practices with the Cameron et al. (2011) positive practices, similarities were found. Recommendations for future research are offered.

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