One of the key questions in the field of star formation is the role of stellar feedback on the subsequent star formation process. The W3 giant molecular cloud complex at the western border of the W4 super bubble is thought to be influenced by the massive stars in W4. This paper presents a study of the star formation activity within AFGL. 333, a similar to 104 M-circle dot cloud within W3, using deep JHK(s) photometry obtained from the NOAO Extremely Wide Field Infrared Imager combined with Spitzer IRAC and MIPS photometry. Based on the infrared excess, we identify 812 candidate young stellar objects (YSOs) in the complex, of which 99 are Class I and 713 are Class II sources. The stellar density analysis of YSOs reveals three major stellar aggregates within AFGL. 333, namely AFGL. 333 Main, AFGL. 333 NW1 and AFGL. 333 NW2. The disk fraction within AFGL. 333 is estimated to be similar to 50%-60%. We use the extinction map made from the H - K-s colors of the background stars and CO data to understand the cloud structure and to estimate the cloud mass. From the stellar and cloud mass associated with AFGL. 333, we infer that the region is currently forming stars with an efficiency of similar to 4.5% and at a rate of similar to 2-3M(circle dot) Myr(-1) pc(-2). In general, the star formation activity within AFGL. 333 is comparable to that of nearby low mass star-forming regions. We do not find any strong evidence to suggest that the stellar feedback from the massive stars of nearby W4 super bubble has affected the global star formation properties of the AFGL. 333 region.

This investigation was concerned with the potential effectiveness of systematic desensitization as a technique in the prevention of pervasive anxiety. It was hypothesized for investigatory purposes, that if two specific, potentially anxiety-evoking stimuli could be pre-desensitized, this would be strongly suggestive that pre-desensitization programs might also prove successful in the prevention of pervasive anxiety.

in English The thesis is composed of seven chapters. The first one is an introduction. In the second chapter I summarize the reasons, why a new regulation of insolvency law was needed. The third chapter is about pre-conditions for adjudication of bankruptcy in general and about the sources of their regulation. The fourth chapter is about the pre-conditions that are based in the material law and especially about all aspects of bankruptcy. The chapter No. 5 describes the conditions of civil and insolvency proceeding. Separately in chapter No. 6 is a describtion of moratorium. The thesis ends with conclusions.

Forecast of the pre-school education needs in Astana until 2030 Abstract This thesis aims to analyze future preschool education needs in Astana city. The low coverage of children by preschool education (a small number of preschool education institutions) initially lays the foundation of inequality elements and contradicts with the basic principles of the State education policy aimed at accessibility of education for the citizens of the country. As a consequence of insufficient governmental financing, the cost of children maintenance increased and it became the reason of unavailability of kindergarten service for separate groups of people. Consequently, the future preschool needs in Astana until 2030 is of particular interest. The thesis addresses issue of future population development dynamics in new capital city. This aim achieved with the help of forecasting techniques applied for Astana population until 2030. The thesis aimed to present the picture of how the trends (mortality, fertility and migration) are developing and how they will affect on the preschool needs in the future. Keywords: Astana, Kazakhstan, preschool needs, probability of dying, contributions to changes in life expectancy at birth, age specific fertility rate, gross reproduction rate, net reproduction rate, forecasting, cohort-component...

The thesis seeks to clarify the development of early Christian understanding of Jesus as the pre-existent Son of God. We propose that its roots lie principally in early Christian exegesis of psalms in the light of Jesus' self-consciousness of divine sonship and divine mission. Part I reviews recent attempts to explain the development as a result of the influence of Jewish angelology and similar speculations. In Part II we argue that neither the personification of various attributes of God, including Wisdom, nor speculations about principal angels and a pre-existent messiah in Second Temple Judaism ever provided a ready-made category for viewing Jesus as a divine and pre-existent being alongside God. In Part III an examination of the Synoptic evidence for Jesus' self-consciousness of divine sonship and divine mission in the whole context of his life and teaching shows that his self-understanding was open to interpretation in terms of pre-existence. Part IV examines the early Christian use of Pss 110:1 and 2:7 against this background. We propose that the root of pre-existent Son christology is to be found in early Christian exegesis of these two messianic psalms (the catalyst) in the light of Jesus' self-consciousness of divine sonship and divine mission (the foundation). The tremendous impact left by the resurrection event and the resulting conception of Jesus "literally" enthroned to God's right hand led them to see Jesus as the pre-existent Lord and Son of God. In Part V it is argued that the pre-Pauline 'sending' formula "God sent his Son" (Gal 4:4-5; Rom 8:304; Jn 3:16-17; and 1 Jn 4:9) derives from this understanding of Jesus as the pre-existent Son of God rather than from divine wisdom christology. Once Jesus' divinity and pre-existence were confirmed through the exegesis of the psalms, Jewish wisdom traditions were helpful in drawing out the fall significance of his pre-existence in terms of his being active in creation and co-eternal with God the Father.

The overrepresentation of youth of color in the juvenile justice system, often referred to as disproportionate minority contact (DMC) can be found at many stages of the juvenile justice continuum. Further, research has shown that overrepresentation is not necessarily related to higher rates of criminal activity and suggests that case processing disparities can contribute to DMC. Risk assessment instruments (RAI) are objective techniques used to make decisions about youth in the juvenile justice system. This study examined the effects of implementing an RAI designed to make detention decisions, in a predominantly rural parish in Louisiana. Police officers from three law enforcement agencies investigated 202 cases during the evaluation period. The measures included an objective detention risk screening instrument, a contact form which contained juvenile demographic information, a two-item questionnaire assessing law enforcement's impression of the youth's need for detention placement and risk to public safety, and an arrest coding sheet which assessed subsequent police contacts and arrests among youth over 3 and 6 months of street time (i.e., time outside of secure confinement). Results revealed that overall law enforcement was unwilling to consistently complete the tool and continued to use subjective decision making, with completion rates ranging from 61% to 97% across the participating agencies. Also, subjective decision making by law enforcement actually helped minority youth as law enforcement consistently disregarded formal overrides included in the RAI, resulting in fewer minority youth being detained than were indicated by the RAI. Further, implementation of the tool, as constructed, resulted in small but insignificant reductions in the rates of overall confinement and rates of minority confinement when compared to the rates of confinement during the same time period of the previous year. Additionally, the RAI did not significantly predict future police contact due to items that did not predict recidivism in this sample. Use of a three-item version resulted in a significant increase in the tool's predictive ability. This study demonstrates the importance of additional validity testing following the implementation of detention risk assessment instruments to ensure that these tools reduce unnecessary confinement while protecting public safety.

ABSTRACT The research question was to determine whether commercial property development loan pre-disbursement conditions protect the bank’s interests, or whether certain conditions hinder the pre-disbursement compliance process. The research showed that the majority of pre-disbursement conditions are of high importance in protecting the bank’s interests. However, findings were that not all conditions are important or even relevant for every project. Lack of understanding of the content and importance of the pre-disbursement conditions by the front-line consultant can lead to repetition and consequently an excessive number of conditions. The most important reason for delay in compliance with pre-disbursement conditions was identified as a lack of understanding by the client of the bank’s requirements and processes. Ignorance on the part of the developer of the bank’s procedures and requirements was also identified as the most common instance where relationships between the bank and the borrower were negatively affected by the pre-disbursement compliance process.

MSc (Occupational Therapy), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand / As there are no occupation based outcome measures evaluating the effect of occupational therapy in the pre-school child with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) an Occupational Performance Questionnaire (OPQ) was developed to address this. The OPQ was tested for content validity and reliability before a 12 month intervention study to establish construct validity and response to change in children with ASD receiving Occupational Therapy using a Sensory Integration frame of reference (OT-SI) was done. The results of 19 subjects on the OPQ were compared with the results on two other standardised measures -the Short Sensory Profile (SSP), and Parenting Stress Index (PSI-SF) at six monthly intervals. Convergent validity between family impact on the OPQ and the PSI-SF was moderate but for occupation performance on the OPQ and the SSP it changed from negligible to moderate over 12 months. The OPQ is responsive to change as correlations between improvements in the three outcome measures were moderate. The OPQ was found to still need attention in terms of item reliability and validity.

MSc (Med) Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand / Adequate exposure to paediatric pre-hospital emergency cases for students undertaking clinical learning is a key component of preparation for independent practise. Both clinical reasoning and psychomotor skills require practise in a realistic environment in order to best equip the qualifying practitioner for demands of the real world of pre-hospital emergency care. The aim of this study was to retrospectively describe the exposure of pre-hospital emergency care students in the University of Johannesburg‟s National Diploma in Emergency Medical Care programme to emergencies involving paediatric patients in the Greater Johannesburg Metropolitan area over a continuous eight year period, between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2008. Patient care records contained in an electronic clinical learning management information system entered over the eight-year study period were analysed in order to characterise the exposure of students to paediatric emergency cases in general, and clinical skills performed during this exposure. Results showed that, with the exception of infants and children seen by first year students, median exposure to paediatric emergency cases for students in all academic years was below 50%. Exposure to emergencies involving younger patients was generally lower than that for older patients, however the acuity of patients increased with decreasing age. Exposure to most clinical skills also decreased with decreasing patient age. Opportunities for students to practise critical or invasive skills were relatively rare. Suggestions for the improvement of student exposure to paediatric emergency cases and clinical skills include a period of internship and greater utilisation of hospital-based clinical skills exposure and practice.

For the first time, an in vitro cystic fibrosis (CF) artificial sputum model (ASM) was found to support the growth and survival of a clinical epidemic strain of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (EMRSAl6-252). Specific components, which included mucin. DNA and others, were removed from ASM and the physiological impact of this was fully explored using viable counts and light microscopy. As CF patients are known to develop cystic fibrosis-related diabetes or CFRD, glucose was added to ASM (GASM), to explore the physiological impact of glucose on the growth and survival MRSA252. Total RNA was extracted from the corresponding log phases of MRSA252 grown in brain heart infusion (BHI) as a laboratory control, as well as ASM and GASM. RNA was extracted in order to conduct microarray analysis. MRSA252 DNA was used as a control. RNA (from the samples) was labelled with Cy5 and control DNA was labelled with Cy3. Once labelled and amplified, the Cy5/Cy3 mixture was then purified and hybridised onto an array containing seven sequenced S. aureus : genomes (N315, Mu50, MW2, MRSA252, MSSA476, COL and NCTC8325).