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The incorporation and initialization of cloud water/ice in an operational forecast model /Zhao, Qingyun, January 1993 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oklahoma, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 189-195).
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A prototype raindrop-size distrometer and its application to Hong Kong rains.Chan, Chung-leung, Johnny. January 1976 (has links)
Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1976.
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Some meteorological aspects of the seasonal distribution of precipitation in the western United States and Baja CaliforniaPyke, Charles Bedell, January 1900 (has links)
Based upon the author's doctoral dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles, 1972. / "UCAL-WRC-W-254." Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-99).
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On Winter Precipitation at Cypress Mountain, British Columbia, during SNOW-V10Berg, Hans William Stephen 08 July 2015 (has links)
Cypress Mountain, north of Vancouver, is a coastal barrier for moisture-laden onshore airflow and subject to large amounts of precipitation. The athletic events at this site during the 2010 Winter Olympics were frequently delayed due to the occurrence of rain rather than snow. Unprecedented data on precipitating systems were obtained between January and April 2010 during the SNOW-V10 (Science and Nowcasting Olympic Weather for Vancouver 2010) field campaign. This included information collected from specialized radar, enhanced surface weather stations, as well as from operational radar and satellite data. Some precipitation events lasted ≥ 24 h, although heavier precipitation rates typically lasted ≤ 6 h. Freezing rain was also inferred. Specialized radar showed changes in reflectivity values with height, yielded information regarding melting layer heights, and detected upward motion of precipitation particles. Differences in daily precipitation amounts of ≥ 50 mm from on the mountain to its base were also measured. / October 2015
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Bias adjustments of Arctic precipitationBogart, Tianna Anise. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Delaware, 2007. / Principal faculty advisors: Brian Hanson and David R. Legates, Dept. of Geography. Includes bibliographical references.
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Evaluation of a probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasting experimentHsu, Wu-ron 24 June 1982 (has links)
Forecasts of the likelihood of occurrence of various
amounts of precipitation are very important, since
excessive precipitation amounts over relatively short time
periods can have adverse effects on public safety and
economic efficiency, As a result, forecasters at the
National Weather Service Forecast Office in San Antonio,
Texas were asked to formulate subjective probabilistic
quantitative precipitation forecasts on an experimental
basis beginning in February 1981. This study describes
methods of evaluating probability forecasts of this
ordinal variable and presents some results of the first
year of the experiment.
Scalar and vector evaluation procedures are
described. In the case of scalar evaluation, the
inclusion of a no-skill line and a no-correlation line on
reliability diagrams is helpful in representing the skill,
reliability, and resolution qeometrically in two-state
situations. Geometrical interpretations of attributes of
forecasts can also be accomplished in three-state
situations based on vector evaluation procedures. A skill
score for subsample forecasts is shown to be useful in
identifying systematic errors made by forecasters or
forecast systems. A beta model is developed to obtain a
forecaster's predictive distributions (i.e., the
distribution of use of probability values).
The experimental results show that the skill of the
subjective forecasts is generally higher than the skill of
objective guidance forecasts for measurable precipitation
(i.e., precipitation amounts exceeding a threshold of 0.01
inches), but that the opposite is true for threshold
associated with larger precipitation amounts. This result
is due primarily to the forecaster's tendency to
over forecast for the events associated with higher
precipitation thresholds. The tendency to over forecast is
most pronounced in the nighttime forecasts and in the
forecasts for drier stations. The MCS objective guidance
forecasts, on the other hand, are quite reliable for both
periods and all stations. The vector evaluation approach
indicates that the degree of overforecasting is quite high
for bimodal forecasts and that the skill contribution from
bimodal forecasts is negative in many cases. / Graduation date: 1983
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The influence of the growth of the Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW) Metroplex on regional precipitation patternsNordfelt, Anna Marie 15 May 2009 (has links)
Due to the effects urbanization has on land-use and land cover change (LULC),
urban areas have a major influence on the environment. The strong coupling between the
land and atmosphere can alter the microclimatology of cities and their surrounding
regions. Previous research has shown that cities can influence regional precipitation
patterns. This is a result of many factors such as: increased heating and lifting caused by
the urban heat island effect (UHI), increased pollution and aerosols, alteration of land
use/land cover (which includes surface albedo, presence or lack of vegetation, and
surface roughness changes), and urban design (which leads to increased friction and
convergence). This study analyzes temporal and regional changes in the precipitation
patterns of the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex as it has grown over the past century, and
provides a methodology for testing urban influences on precipitation in other
metropolitan areas.
Precipitation from 1930 – 2007 was analyzed for the following three study
regions: DFW (urban area), CRA (upwind control region), and CRB (downwind control
region). By comparing early (1930 – 1950) and late period (1987 – 2007) precipitation
within each region, it was found that there were no statistically significant differences between the two periods. Entire period precipitation (1930 – 2007) at CRB was
statistically significantly different from both DFW and CRA although early and late
period precipitation was not. While precipitation was similar between the two periods in
all regions, comparing precipitation between the regions using the entire period shows
potential anthropogenic influences. Land cover change between 1976 and 2001 was
analyzed and it was found that water in the DFW Metroplex study region increased by
54.75%, vegetation decreased by 20.34%, and urban land cover increased by 176.14%.
This may increase atmospheric moisture, surface temperature, friction and lifting over the
urban center, and decrease the amount of heat released from the ground. While natural
climate variability is the most important factor influencing precipitation in this region, it
is possible that urbanization is also changing local and regional precipitation patterns, it
may not be the only factor influencing change.
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An analysis of future trends in extreme precipitation events over several Canadian locationsBetancourt, Daniel 22 December 2011 (has links)
Trends in precipitation and extreme occurrence were analyzed for five locations across Canada using the Canadian Regional Climate Model. Results from the model’s base simulation were compared to those from a future scenario of increased atmospheric CO2. The climatology of nearby weather stations was used to assess the model’s ability to simulate the present and future climate. Other parameters such as 850 and 500 hPa geopotential associated with the most extreme events were analyzed to infer changes in the mechanisms causing such events. The model underestimates annual precipitation along with extreme occurrence and intensity. A wetter, but more variable climate is projected for most locations. Frequency and intensity of extreme events increases at most locations. Simulated extreme events over western locations were found to be associated with cold lows, while eastern events were linked with moisture transport at 850 hPa. Western events were reproduced accurately, whereas eastern ones were not.
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An analysis of future trends in extreme precipitation events over several Canadian locationsBetancourt, Daniel 22 December 2011 (has links)
Trends in precipitation and extreme occurrence were analyzed for five locations across Canada using the Canadian Regional Climate Model. Results from the model’s base simulation were compared to those from a future scenario of increased atmospheric CO2. The climatology of nearby weather stations was used to assess the model’s ability to simulate the present and future climate. Other parameters such as 850 and 500 hPa geopotential associated with the most extreme events were analyzed to infer changes in the mechanisms causing such events. The model underestimates annual precipitation along with extreme occurrence and intensity. A wetter, but more variable climate is projected for most locations. Frequency and intensity of extreme events increases at most locations. Simulated extreme events over western locations were found to be associated with cold lows, while eastern events were linked with moisture transport at 850 hPa. Western events were reproduced accurately, whereas eastern ones were not.
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A reduced-turbulence, reduced-entrainment electrostatic precipitator /Bahner, Mark A., January 1990 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1990. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-123). Also available via the Internet.
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