Title: Didactic interaction between teacher and child in preparatory swimming lessons. Objects: The object of this thesis was to describe and analyze the interaction profiles of two kindergarten teachers. Both teachers have many years of teaching experience of preparatory swimming lessons with children 3 to 4 years old. At the same time the aim was to contribute to the objectification of ideas about the specific didactic interaction in the physical learning in the water. Methods: The method of participant observation of two kindergarten teachers with many years of teaching experience was used at this thesis. The data collection was realized by taking a video. Processing and evaluating of the video followed using a modified analysis of didactic interaction method. The method of questioning was also used for the observed teachers. Results: According to our results the most common form of behavior of two selected teachers during the lessons was instruction. The most common of one of our selected teacher was using notification. The other teacher was using feedback and participation the most often. According to the content of didactic interaction dominated learning activities in all analyzed videos. The organization activities were evaluated by the program of modified analysis of didactic interaction as...

Title: Project "Sporting Kid" Aims: The main goal of this Theses is to introduce the decade of operation of the project "Sporting Kid", to define the function of sport projects for children with respect to the personal development of children of preschool and school age and to assess the development and further possibilities for enhancement of this Project. Methods: In our work we used the methods of description, analysis and comparison. We used the description method to review the scientific literature related to the characteristics of preschool and school age, characteristics of physical activities, management, marketing, instructors work and communications. The method of analysis and comparison was applied to evaluate the functioning of project "Sporting Kid". Results: Based on the scientific literature research and the evaluation of the functionality of the project "Sporting Kid" we found that this project is viable and promising in terms of access to the natural motion development of children, in terms of the motivation changes during the functioning of the project, as well as in financial terms according to organizers requirements. The competitive environment does not threaten the project now. The Theses provided an objective overview of the functioning of the Project "Sportng Kid" and...

Title: Regime arrangements for weight modification at the preschool children Objectives: The aim of this master thesis is the plan of optimal regime arrangement for weight modification of preschool children in the environment of kindergarten. Also then composition of week dietary plan for facilities of this type. Methods: For the appraisal of situation and conditions of preschool education in concrete kindergartens I have used the method of comparison, direct observation and in-depth interview with head officers and teachers of particular schools. In the empirical part of this thesis I have realized the two- kind inquiry. First was focused on head and educational operatives of schools, second then on parents of the children. I have also carried out the measuring of basic physical characteristics of the children in selected kindergarten. Results: Results present information about the situation of preschool education in the Czech republic through executed analysis of selected kindergarten. It has been proved, that material ensuring of kindergarten determines leisure activities of the children. The offer of school above-standard motion activities is influenced also by the village size, in which are particular preschool educational facilities situated. The level of education of the pedagogical...

The diploma thesis deals with the problem of phonemic differentiation in preschool children. The introductory part is focused on the specifics of preschool age, ontogenesis of speech and characterization of phonemic hearing. The aim of this thesis is to determine the level of phonemic differentiation in children with cochlear implant and children without hearing impairment. The results were obtained using a standardized test battery Evaluation of Phonemic Hearing in Preschool Children by authors Škodová, Mischek and Moravcová from 1995, which is created for this issue. Subsequently, the results of both groups were compared and individual differences in performance between children with cochlear implant and children without hearing impairment were examined. Research has shown that better results in phonemic distinction amounted children without hearing impairment, although the difference in success rate between the two groups was not significant. The main benefit of this work is the fact that the ability of phonemic differentiation is important in children with cochlear implant and its development should be part of rehabilitation care. KEYWORDS phonemic hearing, preschool age, cochlear implant, hearing impairment

Fibrose cística é uma doença hereditária, caracterizada por alterações no transporte de cloro nas membranas das células epiteliais, gerando a produção de muco espesso e anormal, o que pode obstruir os ductos de glândulas exócrinas de vários órgãos. As manifestações clínicas principais da doença abrangem os sistemas respiratório (com infecções pulmonares recorrentes e crônicas) e gastrointestinal (com insuficiência pancreática e consequente má-digestão e absorção de nutrientes, levando a desnutrição energético-protéica). Existem evidências de que a constituição da microbiota intestinal pode influenciar a colonização do trato respiratório de indivíduos com fibrose cística. Esta dissertação teve como objetivo realizar revisão sistemática e metanálise das publicações científicas sobre o uso de pré, pró ou simbióticos em fibrose cística, além de avaliar a situação nutricional dos pacientes com fibrose cística acompanhados no Instituto da Criança - HCFMUSP. A revisão sistemática e metanálise seguiu protocolo proposto pela Colaboração Cochrane, com buscas em bases de dados eletrônicas com os termos prebioticos ou probióticos ou simbióticos e fibrose cística. Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados que abordassem os desfechos de inflamação intestinal e/ou exacerbações pulmonares. O estudo de avaliação nutricional foi realizado através de levantamento de dados antropométricos e clínicos, além de questionários aplicados a pacientes e responsáveis sobre dados de consumo alimentar e características socioeconômicas. Na busca bibliográfica foram encontrados 48 diferentes estudos, e somente 6 atingiram os critérios para integrar a metanálise. Foi observado efeito protetor do uso de probióticos e simbióticos na taxa de exacerbação pulmonar em pacientes com fibrose cística quando comparados com placebo (OR= -1,01 (IC 95% -1,66; -0,37), p = 0,002). Os níveis de calprotectina fecal (indicador de inflamação intestinal) tiveram redução significativa após intervenção (OR= -12,18 (IC 95%: -22,50; -1,86), p = 0,02), e houve diminuição dos pacientes com inflamação intestinal (calprotectina > 50 mcg/g de fezes) com OR= 0,31 (IC 95%: 0,13; 0,79), p = 0,01. Na avaliação do perfil nutricional foram incluídos 101 pacientes (59,4% do gênero masculino, 86,4% caucasianos), e a mediana de idade na inclusão foi de 10 anos. A maioria dos pacientes foi classificada como eutrófica, com consumo alimentar adequado. Valores menores de escore Z de IMC foram observados em escolares e adolescentes, e a proporção de pacientes com peso abaixo do esperado aumenta de 10% entre pré-escolares para 35% na faixa etária escolar. As características socioeconômicas não demostraram relação com consumo alimentar ou estado nutricional. Os valores de função pulmonar foram mais baixos em adolescentes e indivíduos com pior estado nutricional, porém sem diferença significante. Dados da metanálise, apesar da limitação amostral, apontaram o uso de probióticos como fator de proteção para exacerbações respiratórias, bem como para inflamação intestinal. Resultados da avaliação nutricional indicam que a transição das faixas etárias pré-escolar para escolar é um momento crítico, portanto abordagens direcionadas para estas faixas etárias podem ser de grande importância para preservação da saúde nutricional. Sendo assim, recomenda-se que mais estudos de estratégias nutricionais preventivas sejam realizados em faixas etárias precoces, como suplementação de probióticos, visando a melhora do prognóstico de pacientes com fibrose cística. / Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease characterized by deficiency of chloride transportation in epithelial cell membranes, resulting in thick and abnormal mucus, which may obstruct ducts of exocrine glands in several organs. The main clinical manifestations include the respiratory (recurrent and chronic lung infections) and gastrointestinal systems (pancreatic insufficiency and consequent maldigestion and absorption of nutrients, resulting in malnutrition). There is evidence that intestinal microbiota composition may impact the respiratory tract colonization of individuals with cystic fibrosis. This study aimed to verify current evidence regarding the effects of supplementation of probiotics, prebiotics or both in cystic fibrosis patients, concerning gastrointestinal and respiratory outcomes. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis, and additionally carried out a survey of the nutritional status of patients with cystic fibrosis attending the outpatient clinic of the Instituto da Criança HCFMUSP. The systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to the protocol proposed by the Cochrane Collaboration, searching electronic databases using the terms \"prebiotics\" or \"probiotics\" or \"symbiotic\", and \"cystic fibrosis\". Randomized clinical trials addressing intestinal inflammation and/or pulmonary exacerbations were included. The assessment of nutritional status was carried out through a cross-sectional survey of medical records concerning clinical and anthropometric data, and also by applying a questionnaire to patients and caregivers concerning food consumption, and socioeconomic characteristics. The bibliographic search identified 48 different studies, but only 6 fulfilled criteria to be included in the meta-analysis. A protective effect of probiotic and symbiotic use was observed in the rate of pulmonary exacerbations when compared to placebo (OR = -1.01 (95%CI -1.66, -0.37), p=0.002). The levels of fecal calprotectin (indicator of intestinal inflammation) had a significant reduction after intervention (OR = -12.18 (95%CI: -22.50, -1.86), p=0.02) and there was a decrease in the proportion of patients with intestinal inflammation (calprotectin> 50 mcg/g feces) with OR = 0.31 (95%CI: 0.13, 0.79), p=0.01. Regarding nutritional assessment, 101 patients were included (59.4% male, 86,4% white race), and median age at inclusion was 10 years old. The majority of patients were considered to be eutrophic and have adequate food intake, but lower values of BMI Z-score were observed in schoolchildren and adolescents. The proportion of underweight patients increased from 10% among preschoolers to 35% of the school age group. The socioeconomic characteristics were not associated to the food consumption or nutritional status. Lung function was lower in adolescents and individuals with poor nutritional status, but without significant difference. Data from the meta-analysis, despite the limitations of sample size, indicated that the use of probiotics may be a protective factor for respiratory exacerbations as well as intestinal inflammation. Results of the nutritional assessment indicate that the transition from the pre-school to the school age groups is a critical period, and therefore approaches directed to these age groups may have a significant impact in the nutritional health. Towards that, further studies using preventive nutritional strategies such as probiotic supplementation, are recommended for younger age groups, aiming to improve the prognosis of patients with cystic fibrosis.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BOYS AND GIRLS IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES AT PRESCHOOL AGE Abstract This thesis deals with the gender analysis of physical activity of boys and girls at preschool age who are attending kindergarten in Prague 4. The aim is to explore whether the physical activity of boys and girls can be load by gender in preschool age. For collection of the data has been used a questionnaire survey. This thesis in the theoretical level deals with the issues of gender, movement and motor activity with focus to the preschool age and preschool education in the Czech Republic. In the practical part it looks into relationship of preschool children towards to physical activity and compares them by gender, it also examines whether the views of parents are loaded by gender stereotypes and verifies the family influence on the movement of children. Keywords: Gender, physical activity, preschool child, boy, girl, kindergarten, movement, family, gender stereotypes.

To acquire language, children must learn how to categorize objects on the basis of the meanings that cultures have assigned to the objects. A series of six experiments tested how preschool-aged children categorize familiar objects. Each experiment used a matching-to-sample format in which children matched pictures of familiar objects (comparisons) to a sample stimulus picture. The sample and one comparison related taxonomically (on the basis of function) from which the children were to find another stimulus that was the same as the sample. Each experiment was a systematic replication of published research and of the prior experiment. In all six experiments, these pre-school-aged children demonstrated a statistically significant preference for the taxonomic stimulus. No statistically significant differences were found between genders. The results of these six experiments did not support the development trend described in the majority of the extant literature. These findings are also contrary to the research literature, with one noted exception.

Ikimokyklinio ugdymo įstaigose pedagogų žinios ir gebėjimai tampa pagrindiniu švietimo kaitos stimulu. Naujai mokymosi paradigmai keičiant tradicinę mokymo paradigmą, pedagogas tampa ne tik savo veiklos vykdytoju, bet ir nuolat besimokančiuoju savo veikloje. Šiam naujam vaidmeniui atlikti pagrindiniais ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų ugdymo veiksniais tampa gebėjimai, žinios ir kompetencija. Tyrimo problema - nepakankamai dėmesio ir lėšų skiriama ikimokyklinio ugdymo pedagogų kompetencijų tobulinimui ir plėtojimo perspektyvoms. Tyrimo tikslas – atskleisti ikimokyklinio ugdymo pedagogų kompetencijos ypatumus ir kompetencijos plėtojimo perspektyvas. Darbe sprendžiami klausimai: ką ikimokyklinio ugdymo pedagogui reiškia jo darbas, kuo jis svarbus, kas lemia jo darbo sėkmę, bei kokie kompetencijų aspektai svarbiausi jo profesinėje veikloje. Siekiama išsiaiškinti, kokius gebėjimus ir kompetencijas turi ikimokyklinio ugdymo pedagogai, kaip jas vertina, kokių kompetencijų jiems trūksta profesinėje veikloje, bei kokių ir kaip norėtų įgyti, kad jų konkreti veikla taptų efektyvi ir kokybiška. Darbe analizuojama, kaip remiantis žiniomis, jau turima patirtimi, nuostatomis, gebėjimais, asmeninėmis savybėmis ikimokyklinio ugdymo pedagogas geba save realizuoti įvairioje veikloje, įgyti naujų specialiųjų kompetencijų, bei siekti aukštų veiklos rezultatų nuo kurių priklauso vaikų pasiekimai, pažanga ir ugdomojo proceso kokybė. Atlikus tyrimą paaiškėjo, jog pedagogo profesinėje veikloje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The knowledge and abilities of pedagogues in the preschool institutions becomes the main spur for the changes in education. When new paradigm of learning replaces the traditional one, the pedagogue becomes not only the performer of his/her activity, but also the learner in hid/ her activity. Abilities, knowledge and competence become the main factors of preschool age children education for this role. Research problem: Insufficient attention and funds for the development of pedagogical competences and for the expansion of perspectives Purpose of the research: To reveal the peculiarities of the preschool education pedagogues and the perspectives of the expansion of competences. The thesis solves the following issues: what does his/her job mean for the pre-school education pedagogue; why this job is important; what are the causes of the successful work; what aspects of competence are significant in the professional activity. The project seeks to find out what abilities and competencies lie with pre-school education pedagogues, how do the pedagogues assess such competences and abilities; what competences do they lack in they vocational activity; and what competences and how would they like to acquire in order to improve their activity efficiency and quality. The thesis analyzes how the preschool education pedagogues realize their potential in their activity, acquire new specialized competences and seek for high activity results (on which depend the results, progress and... [to full text]

Darbe analizuojami priešmokyklinio amžiaus vaikų kalbos ir ugdymo(si) ypatumai dvikalbystės sąlygomis. Teorinėje dalyje analizuojami priešmokyklinio amžiaus vaikų kalbos ypatumai, pateikiamos įvairios dvikalbystės apibrėžtys, rūšys, analizuojama jos įtaka vaiko raidai. / This paper analyses the peculiarities of preschool children language and lerning in bilingual environment. The theoretical part addresses the peculiarities of preschool children speech, while various definitions and types of bilingualism are also presented, in regards to its influence on child’s development.

Baigiamojo darbo tikslas – išsiaiškinti ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų ugdymo proceso efektyvinimo, panaudojant muzikinį žaidimą, galimybes. Objektas – muzikinių žaidimų panaudojimas ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų ugdymo procese. Darbo tikslui pasiekti buvo iškelti šie uždaviniai: išanalizuoti ikimokyklinio ugdymo ypatumus Lietuvoje, atskleisti muzikinio ugdymo ypatumus darželyje ir šeimoje, išsiaiškinti žaidimų reikšmę vaikų muzikiniame ugdyme, literatūros analizės pagrindu parengti tyrimo instrumentą, leidžiantį nustatyti pedagogų ir ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų tėvų požiūrį į muzikinių žaidimų panaudojimą ugdymo procese. / Purpose of finishing work – to find out preschool age children education effective of process include musician games opportunities. The object – musician game use of preschool age children in the process of education. For work purpose reach was asking for these objects: to make analyze preschool education particularity in Lithuania, - to make analyze the conception of musician particularity disclose musician education particularity in kindergarten and families, and find out the value of games in children education of music, the analyze of literature. make test instrument who could diagnose teachers and parents of preschool age children opinion about musician games uses effective in education process. To make analyze of literature and done of questionnaire in the kindergarten of.