The topic of the diploma thesis is the development of speech and communication in preschool children. It deals with the possibilities of using children's literature and reading children's books to influence and improve the level of speech and communication between children. The work consists of two parts. The theoretical part defines the development of a preschool child with emphasis on the development of speech and their components. Furthermore, the types and forms of children's literature and its importance in preschool age are introduced. The theoretical part also deals with the individual language levels that it describes. The empirical part is processed in the form of action research. Its main part is a thematic unit with proposed activities and work with selected children's literature. Within the thematic unit, children are more actively involved in children's literature and communication with each other. At the end of the empirical part, the thematic unit will be reflected, evaluated and possible recommendations for further support of speech development and communication of preschool children will be given. The main goal of the work is to improve the level of speech and communication skills in a selected group of children through work with children's literature. Thanks to the thematic unit,...

The aim of the diploma thesis is to evaluate the specifics of mental development of children of preschool and school age with very low to extremely low birth weight. The theoretical part is focused on prenatal and perinatal factors, the most common health problems and specifics of psychological development. Low birth weight, especially in the category of very low and extremely low birth weights poses a significant risk factor in somatic and mental development of these children. There is an increasing tendency in children with low birth weight to show the impact of immaturity in the areas of neurocognitive and psychosocial maturation. The aim of the empirical part is to evaluate the cognitive and socio-emotional development of children with very low to extreme low birth weight in two age groups (preschool and school age). The primary target group are children with perinatal stress, which are monitored and maintained therapeutically in the Center of complex care for children with perinatal stress at the Clinic of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine at Charles University. This thesis is dealt with within the project NF-CZ11-OV-1-009-2015 "New methods in the aftercare of children with perinatal stress in the Center of complex care for children...

This thesis deals with theory of mind in preschool cochlear implant users. The theoretical part introduces topics: hearing impairment in childhood, cochlear implantation, theory of mind in preschool children and development of preschool children. All these topics are processed with regard to the issue of children using cochlear implant (or implants). In addition to general information, the thesis focuses mainly on the results of current foreign researches concentrating on children using cochlear implants. The empirical part summarizes the research of theory of mind in Czech preschool cochlear implant users. Thirty-one children in total participated in this research, eleven cochlear implant users, and twenty intact children in the control group. Theory of mind has been tested by similar desires task, dissimilar desires task, Smarties task, and Sally-Ann task. In addition, a short questionnaire was distributed to the parents of cochlear implant users. In order to assess competences in the Czech language, the cochlear implant users were given Vocabulary test from test battery of Seidlová-Málková and Smolík (2014). On the basis of the results of this research, it can be concluded that theory of mind is delayed in Czech preschool cochlear implant users in contrast to their hearing peers. These results...

The diploma thesis is focused on the area of speech understanding by children before entering the elementary school from the speech therapist's point of view. The thesis focuses on diagnostics. There is a dearth of diagnostic material nowadays, which is a reason for the creation of Speech Understanding before entering elementary school Test. This test is meant for children over five years of age. The theoretical part of the thesis characterizes preschool children from the psychical and motorial development point of view. Furthermore, the theoretical part focuses on the description of preschool child communication, with particular attention to the development of the lexical-semantic language area and summarizes knowledge of speech understanding, development of speechunderstanding, and speech understanding process. Finally, there is a brief description of a few conditions. The research judged the impact of these conditions on speech understanding. The research includes the processed results from the screening of speech understanding with the mentioned diagnostical material. One hundred and twenty- five children participated in the quantitative research. The effect of particular aspects on the speech understanding of these children was evaluated. It has been found that the presence of delayed speech...

The Diploma thesis "Research on religious literacy of preschool children in a Christian kindergarten class: Case study" consists of two main parts. Its chief aim is to introduce a new term "religious literacy" and identify its main features on children of preschool age. In the first chapter, it is dealt with the term of literacy in general and from the religious point of view. First, the term is defined; its levels, main factors and points of judgment are specified. Further, the particular models for preschool age and the main principles of its effective stimulation and development are drawn up. In the chapter about religious literacy, the stage of faith intuitive - projective is presented, typical for preschool age. It is based on the passages from Catechism of the Catholic Church. The item of the second part is a case study as an empirical research on religious literacy of preschool children in a Christian kindergarten class. The research is directly connected to the theoretical part and its main goal is to get a real picture of the stand of religious-literacy state of preschool children and to analyze given issues. The research sample is characterized; the kindergarten is presented with the related commentary of the Educational program for preschool education. The project main aim and partial...

The diploma thesis deals with the topic of the family's influence on the development of a child's musicality at an early age, from birth to his pre-school period. In the work the author first describes the general development of the child and then the musical development of the child in individual developmental periods, because the development of music takes place inseparably from the overall development of the child and his personality. This description also includes the period of prenatal development. A part of it is the characteristics of individual musical abilities, the development of which can already be seen at children at this age. The work focuses on the influence of father, mother and siblings of the child on his overall development and development in the field of music, describes the appropriate musical environment in the family and the possibilities of its positive influence. The practical part logically follows the theoretical part and draws on the knowledge contained in it. It focuses on specific practical musical activities that can be performed with children of this age within the family. It aims to create a set of simple ideas for the development of musicality of children in toddler and early pre-school age. The author first characterizes the musical environment in her family and...

The thesis thematically focuses on the prevention of specific learning disabilities in preschool children. The theoretical part of the thesis characterizes the development of a child in preschool age and individual types of specific learning disabilities. Thereafter, the possibilities of screening and diagnostics of individuals at risk of specific learning disabilities and concrete diagnostic and preventive methods used in the Czech environment are presented. The aim of the diploma thesis is to create a program to prevent the emergence of specific learning disabilities, through the selection of activities aimed at the progress of individual areas of development and partial functions, especially those which are found by the research to be the least developed. The basis for the creation of a prevention program consists of data obtained in the diagnosis of the level of partial functions in preschool children and experience gained during targeted work with children at risk of developing SLD. The observation method, analysis of activity results and test method (specifically screening test) were used as research methods. The research took place in the form of action research reflecting pedagogical practice in a selected kindergarten. The output of the work is a preventive program focused on the...

The diploma thesis is elaborated on a special pedagogical topic. The topic of the thesis is Diagnosis of phonemic awareness in preschool children, while the subject of the diploma thesis is the assessment of the level of phonemic awareness, specifically the ability to isolate sounds. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part contains four chapters dealing with the phonetic-phonological level, phonemic awareness, phonetic-phonological level in preschool children and the diagnosis of phonemic awareness. The last, fifth chapter is the practical part of the thesis. The aim of the research is to find out the ability to isolate the first and last vowel of words in preschool children and at the same time to find out whether there is a difference between children attending kindergarten and preparatory class of primary school. For a selected research sample of children attending a regular kindergarten and a preparatory class in a regular primary school, the Voice Isolation Test was performed using a standardized MABEL test battery, so the testing method was used. The research survey showed that about a third of preschool children are able to isolate sounds at the beginning of the school year, but there is a significant difference between kindergarten and preparatory class...

The diploma thesis is of a special pedagogy type and focuses on speech therapy. The thesis deals with the role of parents during the development of communication skills of preschool children in particular. The thesis is divided into the theoretical part and the practical part. The introductory chapter of the theoretical part characterizes a child of preschool age with regard to the development of motor skills, cognitive processes and social skills. The second chapter discusses the issue of communication skills of preschool children in more detail. It includes risk factors for speech development, the most common impairments of communication skills of preschool children and the possibilities of speech therapy intervention. The third chapter is devoted to the family environment in connection with its influence on the development of a child's communication skills. This chapter describes the parental styles, risk factors of the family environment and support options related to the child's speech development. The practical part of the diploma thesis presents the results of a questionnaire survey, the main goal of which was to analyze the approach of parents to the development of communication skills of preschool children. It is therefore a research of a quantitative nature. The partial goals of the...

The purpose of the study is to explore the arbitrariness of the senior preschool children. The object of study – self-regulation in preschool age. The subject of the research is the formation of arbitrariness in preschool children. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references (98 sources) and an Appendix that includes forms of applied techniques. The volume of the master's thesis 115 pages, which contains 11 histograms and 5 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, sets goals and objectives of the study, determines the subject and object of the study, formed a hypothesis, specifies methods and empirical base, stages of research, theoretical and practical significance of the work. The first Chapter includes a review of the national literature on the topic of research, the concept of arbitrariness and will, the role and importance in the development of preschool children and the conditions of formation of arbitrariness. The second Chapter is devoted to the stages of research – stating, forming, controlling. This Chapter presents a description of the methods and organization of studies and their results obtained on methodologies used: "the Graphic dictation" by D. B. Elkonin, "Correction test", "Shape ray", "Colour dictation", "Glade" by L. A. Wenger and R. I. Bardina. The analysis of the results of the study is also presented. The stage of formation is aimed at the formation of arbitrariness as a means of regulating the behavior of norms and rules. In the control phase we carried out a diagnosis of the level of arbitrariness with the aim of a comparative analysis of control and experimental groups of preschool children. In conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical part of the work, as well as conclusions on the hypothesis and prospects of this problem are summarized. / Цель исследования – исследовать произвольность у старших дошкольников. Объект исследования – произвольность в дошкольном возрасте. Предмет исследования – формирование произвольности у детей дошкольного возраста. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (98 источников) и приложения, включающих в себя бланки применявшихся методик. Объем магистерской диссертации 115 страниц, на которых размещено 11 гистограмм и 5 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, ставятся цели и задачи исследования, определяется предмет и объект исследования, формируется гипотеза, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, этапы проведения исследования, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя обзор отечественной литературы по теме исследования, понятие произвольности и воли, роли и значимости в развитии ребенка дошкольного возраста и условиях формирования произвольности. Вторя глава посвящена этапам исследования – констатирующий, формирующий, контрольный. В этой главе представлено описание методов и организации проведенного исследования и их результатов, полученных по использованным методикам: «Графический диктант» Д.Б. Эльконина, «Корректурная проба», «Фигура Рея», «Цветовой диктант», «Полянки» Л.А. Венгера и Р.И. Бардиной. Также представлен анализ результатов исследования. Этап формирования, направлен на формирования произвольности как опосредования регуляции поведения нормам и правилам. На контрольном этапе нами была проведена диагностика уровня произвольности с целью сравнительного анализа контрольной и экспериментальной группы дошкольников. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической части работы, а также выводы по гипотезе и перспективы данной проблематики.