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Axial dependence of nuclear fuel managementNapier, Bruce Alan January 2011 (has links)
Typescript. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries
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Simulation of nuclear power plant pressurizers with application to an inherently safe reactor.Khamis, Ibrahim Ahmad. January 1988 (has links)
Pressurizer modeling for predicting the dynamic pressure of the PIUS system is presented. The transient behavior of this model for the PIUS system was investigated. The validity of this model for the PIUS system is limited to transients that are neither too large nor too long in duration. For example, the model is not capable of describing events following a complete loss of liquid for the pressurizer. However, the model can be used for qualitative prediction of the PIUS system behavior for a wide variety of severe transients. A review of pressurizer modeling indicates that the neglecting of the change in the internal energy of the subcooled water during transients is an acceptable assumption. The inherently safe feature of the PIUS system was confirmed through the self-shutdown of the reactor or, in some cases, through reactor power reduction as a result of the ingress of the pool boric acid solution into the primary system. This dynamic model was constructed of three major components: (1) The primary loop, (2) The secondary loop, and (3) The natural convection loop through the pool. A lumped parameter model, uniform heat transfer, and point kinetics have been the main approximations in this model. Other approximations are mentioned during the modeling of each component of the model. The dynamic model was simulated using the DARE-P continuous system simulation language which was developed in the Electrical Engineering Department at the University of Arizona.
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In Vitro Effect of Nonconventional Accessory Devices on Throat Deposition and Respirable MassHammer, Carrie L., Bertsch, Matthew D. January 2012 (has links)
Class of 2012 Abstract / Specific Aims: To evaluate the in vitro throat deposition and respirable mass of the QVAR® pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) alone or coupled to an accessory device, such as the AeroChamber Valved Holding ChamberTM or various nonconventional accessory devices.
Methods: The performance of the AeroChamber and nonconventional accessory devices, including a toilet paper roll, paper towel roll, rolled paper, plastic bottle spacer, plastic bottle reverse-flow holding chamber, and nebulizer reservoir tubing, were compared to no accessory device. Throat deposition and respirable mass were evaluated using a United States Pharmacopeia (USP) inlet ("throat") coupled to instrumentation for particle size analysis. Each configuration was tested with three actuations and repeated in quadruplicate. The amount of drug deposition was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. The data were analyzed using multiple independent t-tests assuming unequal variances. An a priori α-threshold of 0.05 was used with a Bonferroni corrected α of 0.007.
Main Results: Compared to the pMDI alone, all of the accessory devices had significantly lower throat deposition (p < 0.001) and significantly higher respirable fraction (p < 0.001). Differences in respirable mass were not significant for any accessory device (p ≥ 0.049), except the paper towel roll and the nebulizer reservoir tubing (p < 0.001).
Conclusions: Under these testing circumstances, nonconventional accessory devices, such as the toilet paper roll, rolled paper, plastic bottle spacer, and plastic bottle reverse-flow holding chamber, effectively reduce throat deposition and maintain respirable mass compared to a QVAR pMDI alone. Therefore, they may be suitable alternatives to commercial spacers.
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Experimental and theoretical study of two-phase flow in centrifugal pumpsManzano Ruiz, Juan J January 1981 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Bibliography: leaves 182-188. / by Juan J. Manzano-Ruiz. / Ph.D.
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Monitoring complex reactions using tandem mass spectrometric methodsTing, Michelle Yan Chi 01 May 2019 (has links)
Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling is a well-known method for making biaryls. With bifunctional monomers, Suzuki polycondensation (SPC) can be used to make polyaryls. Given the complexity of the reacting solution, studying the mechanism of SPC is extremely tough. To solve this problem, we used tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) methods to observe the dynamic behaviour of catalytically relevant species in real time.
Catalysis involves a complex soup of reactants, intermediates and products. We used an ESI-MS with a triple quadrupole mass analyzer to monitor the SPC in positive ion mode using pressurized sample infusion (PSI) in real time. Full scan, selected ion recording (SIR), product ion scan, neutral loss scan (NLS) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) MS/MS methods were applied. Tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium(0) was the catalyst of this reaction and a positively charged phosphonium aryl iodide tag (m/z 478) was implemented into the first catalytic cycle, enabling us to track all the intermediate oligomers up to the 4th addition. Product ion scan revealed all the intermediate oligomers lose a triphenylphosphine fragment (m/z 262) which would either come from the complex or the charged tag. Three significant intermediate types were observed in each stage of the catalysis, oxidative addition, transmetallation and reductive elimination and their behavior was studied in a chronogram, normalized to the total ion current. As expected, the use of selected ion recording, and neutral loss scan dramatically improved the signal-to-noise ratio. Ultimately, multiple reaction monitoring showed the best chronogram data due to the fact that this scan acts as a “double filter” in a soup of reactive species and contaminants.
Real time reaction monitoring has proven to provide detailed insights regarding a reaction. MS/MS methods are promising for improving data quality, selectivity and sensitivity in reaction monitoring. The principle is broadly applicable to other systems, from an intricate catalytic reaction with short-lived ionic intermediates to a reaction with only a single product generated. Reaction dynamics for an exceptionally complex reaction can be made simple and easy by utilizing tandem mass spectrometry methods in time resolved reaction monitoring. / Graduate
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Load following operation of a pressurized water nuclear power plant/Andrade, Gilberto Gomes January 1978 (has links)
Thesis. 1978. Nucl.E.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Nuclear Engineering. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Gilberto Gomes De Andrade. / Nucl.E.
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Neutron transport benchmarks for binary stochastic multiplying media : planar geometry, two energy groupsDavis, Ian M. (Ian Mack) 10 March 2005 (has links)
Benchmark calculations are performed for neutron transport in a two material
(binary) stochastic multiplying medium. Spatial, angular, and energy dependence
are included. The problem considered is based on a fuel assembly of a common
pressurized water nuclear reactor. The mean chord length through the assembly is
determined and used as the planar geometry system length. According to assumed
or calculated material distributions, this system length is populated with alternating
fuel and moderator segments of random size. Neutron flux distributions are
numerically computed using a discretized form of the Boltzmann transport equation
employing diffusion synthetic acceleration. Average quantities (group fluxes
and k-eigenvalue) and variances are calculated from an ensemble of realizations
of the mixing statistics. The effects of varying two parameters in the fuel, two
different boundary conditions, and three different sets of mixing statistics are assessed.
A probability distribution function (PDF) of the k-eigenvalue is generated
and compared with previous research. Atomic mix solutions are compared with
these benchmark ensemble average flux and k-eigenvalue solutions.
Mixing statistics with large standard deviations give the most widely varying
ensemble solutions of the flux and k-eigenvalue. The shape of the k-eigenvalue PDF
qualitatively agrees with previous work. Its overall shape is independent of variations
in fuel cross-sections for the problems considered, but its width is impacted
by these variations. Statistical distributions with smaller standard deviations alter
the shape of this PDF toward a normal distribution. The atomic mix approximation
yields large over-predictions of the ensemble average k-eigenvalue and under-predictions
of the flux. Qualitatively correct flux shapes are obtained, however.
These benchmark calculations indicate that a model which includes higher statistical
moments of the mixing statistics is needed for accurate predictions of binary
stochastic media k-eigenvalue problems. This is consistent with previous findings. / Graduation date: 2005
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RELAP5-3D modeling of ADS blowdown of MASLWR facilityBowser, Christopher Jordan 13 June 2012 (has links)
Oregon State University has hosted an International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
International Collaborative Standard Problem (ICSP) through testing conducted on the
Multi-Application Small Light Water (MASLWR) facility. The MASLWR facility features
a full-time natural circulation loop in the primary vessel and a unique pressure suppression
device for accident scenarios. Automatic depressurization system (ADS) lines connect
the primary vessel to a high pressure containment (HPC) which dissipates steam heat
through a heat transfer plate thermally connected to another vessel with a large cool
water inventory. This feature drew the interest of the IAEA and an ICSP was developed
where a loss of feedwater to the steam generators prompted a depressurization of the
primary vessel via a blowdown through the ADS lines.
The purpose of the ICSP is to evaluate the applicability of thermal-hydraulic computer
codes to unique experiments usually outside of the validation matrix of the code
itself. RELAP5-3D 2:4:2 was chosen to model the ICSP. RELAP5-3D is a best-estimate
code designed to simulate transient
fluid and thermal behavior in light water reactors.
Modeling was conducted in RELAP5-3D to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the
code in predicting the experimental trends of the IAEA ICSP. This extended to nodalization
sensitivity studies, an investigation of built-in models and heat transfer boundary
conditions. Besides a qualitative analysis, a quantitative analysis method was also performed. / Graduation date: 2013
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A comparative study of nodal course-mesh methods for pressurized water reactorsBukar, Kyari Abba 12 December 1991 (has links)
Several computer codes based on one and two-group
diffusion theory models were developed for SHUFFLE. The
programs were developed to calculate power distributions in
a two-dimensional quarter core geometry of a pressurized power
reactor. The various coarse-mesh numerical computations for
the power calculations yield the following:
the Borresen's scheme applied to the modified one-group
power calculation came up with an improved power
distribution,
the modified Borresen's method yielded a more
accurate power calculations than the Borresen's scheme,
the face dependent discontinuity factor method have
a better prediction of the power distribution than the node
averaged discontinuity factor method,
Both the face dependent discontinuity factor method
and the modified Borresen's methods for the two-group model
have quite attractive features. / Graduation date: 1992
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Reducing the activation of the IRIS reactor building using the SCALE/MAVRIC methodologyMcKillop, Jordan M. 20 November 2009 (has links)
The main objective of this research is: (1) to develop a model and perform numerical simulations to evaluate the radiation field and the resulting dose to personnel and activation of materials and structures throughout the IRIS nuclear power plant, and (2) to confirm that the doses are below the regulatory limit, and assess the possibility to reduce the activation of the concrete walls around the reactor vessel to below the free release limit.
IRIS is a new integral pressurized water reactor (PWR) developed by an international team led by Westinghouse with an electrical generation capacity of 335 MWe and passive safety systems. Its design differs from larger loop PWRs in that a single building houses the containment as well as all the associated equipment including the control room that must be staffed continuously. The resulting small footprint has positive safety and economic implications, and the integral layout provides additional shielding and thus the opportunity to significantly reduce the activation, but it also leads to significantly more challenging simulations.
The difficulty in modeling the entire building is the fact that the source is attenuated over 10 orders of magnitude before ever reaching the accessible areas. For an analog Monte Carlo simulation with no acceleration (variance reduction), it would take many processor-years of computation to generate results that are statistically meaningful. Instead, to generate results for this thesis, the Standardized Computer Analyses for Licensing Evaluation (SCALE) with the package Monaco with Automated Variance Reduction using Importance Calculations (MAVRIC) will be used. This package is a hybrid methodology code where the forward and adjoint deterministic calculations provide variance reduction parameters for the Monte Carlo portion to significantly reduce the computational time.
Thus, the first task will be to develop an efficient SCALE/MAVRIC model of the IRIS building. The second task will be to evaluate the dose rate and activation of materials, specifically focusing on activation of concrete walls around the reactor vessel. Finally, results and recommendations will be presented.
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