O presente trabalho aborda a utilização da protensão não aderente em edifícios residenciais e comerciais de concreto, focando os aspectos referentes às soluções com protensão aderente e não aderente e em concreto armado, para o consumo de materiais, notadamente: concreto, fôrmas e armaduras. São considerados três diferentes sistemas estruturais, sendo estes: laje plana maciça apoiada sobre pilares; laje plana nervurada apoiada sobre pilares e laje nervurada apoiada em vigas faixa protendidas sobre pilares. São apresentados estudos destes casos com a utilização da ferramenta computacional de análise estrutural TQS, a qual é baseada na análise por grelha. São comparados os índices de consumo de materiais para os dois referidos sistemas de protensão, discutindo os limites de sua utilização. Como resultados, o estudo fornece conclusões satisfatórias para utilização da protensão, tanto aderente quanto não aderente, em relação ao concreto armado. Ainda, o sistema de protensão aderente mostrou-se ligeiramente mais econômico, do ponto de vista de consumo de materiais, porém, é um sistema com produtividade inferior às soluções com protensão não aderente, tornando esta última solução, a mais adotada no cotidiano dos escritórios de cálculo de engenharia civil dentre as citadas / The present work deals the use of the prestressed unbonded tendons in residential and commercial concrete buildings, pointing out aspects to the application with bonded and unbonded prestressing and reinforced concrete, regarding the consumption such as concrete, molds and reinforcing steel. Three different structural systems are considered: flat plate and columns; waffle slab and columns and waffle slab (non prestressed) in prestressed strip beams supported by columns. Case studies are presented with the use of the software of structural analysis TQS, which is based on the grillage analogy method. The consumption of materials is compared for the two referred prestressing systems, discussing the limits of their application. Based on the developed analyses, the study supplies satisfactory conclusions for use of the prestressing systems (bonded and unbonded), compared to reinforced concrete systems. With relation to the consumption of materials, the use of bonded tendons is a bit more cost effective, however, with smaller productivity than tendons with prestressed unbonded tendons, being the last one the more usual prestressing systems. Still, the system of prestressed bonded tendons was shown more economical, of the point of view of materials consumption, however, it is a system with inferior productivity to the solutions with prestressed unbonded tendons adopted in civil engineering offices nowadays

Corrosion of steel tendons is a major problem for post-tensioned concrete, especially because corrosion of the steel strands is often hard to detect inside grouted ducts. Non-metallic tendons can serve as an alternative material to steel for post-tensioning applications. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), given its higher strength and elastic modulus, as well as excellent durability and fatigue strength, is the most practical option for post-tensioning applications. The primary objective of this research project was to assess the feasibility of the use of innovative carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) tendons and to develop guidelines for CFRP in post-tensioned bridge applications, including segmental bridges and pier caps. An experimental investigation and a numerical simulation were conducted to compare the performance of a scaled segmental bridge model, post-tensioned with two types of carbon fiber strands and steel strands. The model was tested at different prestress levels and at different loading configurations. While the study confirms feasibility of both types of carbon fiber strands for segmental bridge applications, and their similar serviceability behavior, strands with higher elastic modulus could improve structural performance and minimize displacements beyond service loads. As the second component of the project, a side-by-side comparison of two types of carbon fiber strands against steel strands was conducted in a scaled pier cap model. Two different strand arrangements were used for post-tensioning, with eight and six strands, respectively representing an over-design and a slight under-design relative to the factored demand. The model was tested under service and factored loads. The investigation confirmed the feasibility of using carbon fiber strands in unbonded post-tensioning of pier caps. Considering both serviceability and overload conditions, the general performance of the pier cap model was deemed acceptable using either type of carbon fiber strands and quite comparable to that of steel strands. In another component of this research, creep stress tests were conducted with carbon fiber composite cable (CFCC). The anchorages for all the specimens were prepared using a commercially available expansive grout. Specimens withstood 95% of the guaranteed capacity provided by the manufacturer for a period of five months, without any sign of rupture.

[pt] Lajes lisas de concreto protendido com cordoalhas engraxadas não aderentes têm sido empregadas em pavimentos de edificações com frequência nos últimos anos. Essa solução estrutural é ideal quando se tem uma distribuição regular dos pilares. Além disso, sabe-se que lajes de concreto protendido oferecem vantagens técnicas sobre a solução tradicional em concreto armado, principalmente para vencer vãos maiores e onde muitas vezes se exigem seções mais esbeltas. O objetivo desta dissertação é estabelecer critérios práticos para o projeto de lajes lisas protendidas, maciças ou nervuradas, visando ao atendimento dos critérios relativos ao estado limite de utilização. Com este propósito, um estudo paramétrico foi realizado no qual foram analisados as tensões nas regiões de introdução das forças de protensão e a influência da rigidez dos pilares na retenção da protensão. A investigação foi conduzida por meio de modelagens em elementos finitos, empregando elementos do tipo casca para as lajes e elementos tipo viga para os pilares. No caso das lajes nervuradas, suas mesas foram representadas por elementos casca e as nervuras por elementos viga levando em conta a excentricidade entre seus centros geométricos. / [en] Concrete flat slabs prestressed with unbounded greased strands have been used in building floors over the last years. This structural solution is ideal when the columns are regularly distributed. In addition, it is known that prestressed floors have some technical advantages when compared to the traditional solution in reinforced concrete, mainly in cases of large spans and when lighter elements are required. The objective of the present work is to propose practical criteria for the design of flat slab prestressed concrete floors, for the cases of uniform thickness slabs and waffle slabs, aiming at complying with serviceability limit state. A parametric study was carried out to analyze the stress distribution in prestressing load introduction zones and the influence of the columns in retaining prestressing loads. The investigation was conducted using finite element models in which shell and frame elements were used to represent the slabs and the columns. For the case of waffle slabs, flanges and webs were modeled with shell and frame elements, respectively, taking into consideration the eccentricity between these two elements.

The thesis is focused on the design and assessment of two variants of tanks for wwtp. For comparison, a reinforced concrete tank and a prestressed concrete tank were designed. The work includes a data accompanying report for the static calculation and a technical report on the construction, static calculation and drawing documentation of shapes and reinforcement. The calculation of internal forces on the structure was performed in the SCIA Engineer 18.1 calculation software.

Subject of this master thesis is a flyover bridge over the road II/434 and flood-land. As a load-bearing construction is designed two-beam structure. Traffic loads on this structure are considered according to standard ČSN EN 1991-2. The structure design is based on resultant stressing according to standard ČSN EN 1992-2.

The aim of this thesis was to suggest two alternatives of a prestressed concrete bridge structure over the river Jihlava in Ivančice and to design the chosen one. The structure was designed as a one-span frame bridge with the span range of 46,0 m. Both design and relevant drawing documentation of the slab, abutment and strip foundation was made.

The diploma thesis describes the design of curved, pre-stressed concrete bridge over the highway D1. A variant, that is chosen for detail analysis, is a spine girder construction as a continuous beam with 3 spans. The thesis solves the construction to limit states according to applicable European standards (Eurocodes). There are developed clear and detailed drawings and visualization of the bridge.

The diploma thesis deals with design and assessment of the main structure of the road bridge which leads the road I/55 over the highway D1. The thesis contains three designs of the construction. One design was chosen for detail solution. The thesis includes statical analysis, drawing documentation and visualization.

The master's thesis object is to design a road bridge over the Jihlava river. Three studies are proposed from which pre-stressed two-beam structure with three spans variant is chosen. A detailed structural analysis elaborated and the bridge is analysed according to ultimate limit state and serviceability limit state. Drawing documentation and visualisation were made. The structure design is based on the European standarts.

Concrete is considerably stronger in compression than it is in tension. When cracks form in concrete members, the flexural stiffness of the member decreases and the deflection increases which increases the overall size of the member. Prestressing concrete remedies this problem by inducing a compressive stress in the concrete thereby reducing the net tension in the member and increasing the load required to crack the member. Traditional prestressing is generally limited to large, straight members. During the last decade, shape memory alloys (SMA) have become more prevalent in engineering and civil engineering applications. The shape memory effect refers to the contraction of the SMA when it is heated to its austenite phase. When a prestrain is induced in the SMA, it can be recovered when it goes through the phase change. Nitinol, a NiTi shape memory alloy was used in this research. Thin, steel cables were also tested to provide a comparison. Two different Nitinol alloys were studied in this research. The alloy M wires were elongated to 8% stain while the alloy X wires were prestrained by the manufacturer. The wires were cast into thin concrete beams and once cured, the beams were heated and a phase change from martensite to austenite occurred in the Nitinol. As a result, the Nitinol contracted and compressed the concrete. The SMA fibers are randomly oriented and allow prestressing to occur along all three axis. This is ideal for thin, curved specimens. Third-point bending tests showed that the SMA fibers prestressed the concrete and upon reheating the cracked specimens, the shape memory effect provides partial crack closure.