Product line extension is considered a low-cost, low-risk strategy of introducing products under the same category. Under product line extension strategy, however, manufactures and retailers usually advertise merely one product during a certain period, rather than advertising all products within the product line at the same time. Taking example of Coke Cola, it keeps extending its product line horizontally in the past years. There are Classic, Diet and Zero Coke belonging to the main product line. As we observed, Coke Cola seldom advertised for three products simultaneously. On the contrary, to highly impress consumers, only one product would be strongly promoted in a certain period. What is interesting is whether the advertisement of Zero Coke lowers the price that Classic Coke buyers are prepared to pay toward Classic Coke while zero calorie is highly emphasized in ads. It would be interesting to investigate the impact of product line advertisement on consumers to see whether the product line advertisement always brings positive influence on reference price toward consumers with different purchase purposes. This research addressed the question of how product-line advertisement influences consumer¡¦s reference price within vertical and horizontal product line. It combined the research of product line extension and the concept of reference price to give advice for marketing. The category of product used in experiment is durable that was suggested in prior study. To examine the relationship between product-line advertisement and reference price, experimental method was performed here to test different kind of product line advertisement toward consumers with different purpose purposes, buying high-end product, low-end product or one certain product belonging to the horizontal product line. The results indicated that within the vertical product line, the brand advertisement with low-end product decreases the reference price toward high-end product buyers whereas the informational advertisement with low-end product increases the reference price toward high-end product buyers. Besides, within the horizontal product line, both of the brand and informational advertisement with one certain product in horizontal product line decreases the reference price toward the buyer who would like to buy another product belonging to the same product line.

A Product Line Family contains similar applications that differ only in the sets of sup-ported features from the family. To properly engineer these product lines, programmers design a common code base used by all members of the product line. The structure of this common code base is often an Object-Oriented (OO) framework, designed to contain the detailed domain-specific knowledge needed to implement these applications. However, these frameworks are often quite complex and implement detailed dynamic behavior with complex coordination among their classes. Extending an OO framework to realize a single product line instance is a unique exercise in OO programming. The ultimate goal is to develop a consistent approach, for managing all instances, which relies on configuration rather than programming. In this thesis, we show the novel application of Combinatory Logic to automatically syn-thesize correct product line members using higher-level code fragments specified by means of combinators. Using the same starting point of an OO framework, we show how to design a repository of combinators using FeatureIDE, an extensible framework for Feature-Oriented Software Development. We demonstrate a proof of concept using two different Java-based frameworks: a card solitaire framework and a multi-objective optimization algorithms framework. These case studies rely on LaunchPad, an Eclipse plugin developed at WPI that extends FeatureIDE. The broader impact of this work is that it enables framework designers to formally en-code the complex functional structure of an OO framework. Once this task is accomplished, then, generating product line instances becomes primarily a configuration process, which enables correct code to be generated by construction based on the combinatory logic.

Thesis (Ph. D. in Computer Science)--Vanderbilt University, Dec. 2005. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Analyse of the product lines of the trading company based on the next methods: analyse of revenues, analyse of profitability, analyse od effectivity, analyse of the status of a product in the line. Optimisation of the product lines based on the results of analyse

This research is to understand the business strategy of making products luxurious. Owing to more and more serious poverty gaps in our social and economic environment, ¡§M¡¨ type society becomes an important issue for everyone. ¡§M¡¨ type society makes the rich people being richer and the poor people being poorer,. This phenomenon will affect consumer behaviors and whole market environment. According to the study of AC Nielson¡]2006¡^, more than 50% people in Taiwan tend to save more money in daily life for buying more their favorites or luxury goods instead. In this situation, companies should take special strategies to face this challenging new impact in the market. Therefore, the strategy of making products luxurious is one of best choices to try. For solving this situation, many companies have made their products luxurious successfully such as Acer (Ferrari notebook products), Toyota (Lexus automobile), and Giant (bike). These firms develop from middle market position to high market position, and make their product price more expensive, more high quality and more luxurious. Furthermore, their luxury products sold successfully in their target segments. All these cases are successful examples showing the effects of strategy of making products luxurious, accordingly this research sort out the precise strategies and methods through these successful case studies. Through using multiple cases study method, this research discusses the practicable ways to do the strategy of making products luxurious. Moreover, this research also goes through the conceptions of product positioning, the definition of luxury, product strategy, product line extended to build the conceptual model for this study. In the end, this research has integrated the some results. The key factor of the strategy of making products luxurious is offering high quality than the same type products. Next, the brand is the second important factor, a firm that make this strategy successfully must has a good brand image, not a ¡§luxury brand¡¨ image. Customers can get the good experience through products quality and performance. Therefore combining these results the research concludes that the products quality and performances are the core factors of the strategy of making products luxurious.

Application Engineering is a field where software organizations develop software products from a predefined Software Product Line. The time and cost allotted to come up with a new product variant is limited. Lack of systematic support in testing leads to redundancy. Redundancy in this context can be found in test-cases that do not contribute towards fault-detection and testing leads to an increased testing effort. This thesis work proposes a framework to reduce the testing effort, aimed at avoiding testing redundancy. Feature Model diagrams have been constructed from the assumed specification requirements. These Feature Model diagrams have been used to derive test models such as Object Model diagram and State Chart diagram. Unit testing and System testing have been performed on test models to obtain test cases that have been stored in the repository. Regression testing has been applied to these test cases to classify them into Reusable, Re-testable and Obsolete.

Software product line engineering is a proposed methodology that enables software products and software-intensive systems to be developed at lower cost, higher quality and less time to market. The structured and managed artifacts reuse among different products in development is the main target of software product line engineering. As a key-method of the product line engineering approach, the commonality and variability analysis is a technique that identifies the potential artifacts for reuse. But the reuse poses challenges for delivering safety-critical products from the product line and achieving product line functional safety. In order to analyze the product line and provide more valuable information for its safety analysis, we make use of established product line modeling techniques, which model the product line commonality and variability from different perspectives. In this report, we investigate the product line modeling techniques. The product modeling analysis process covers two aspects: 1. Study different product line modeling techniques and find the ones suitable for product line modeling. We choose the modeling techniques that can be implemented to discuss in detail. 2. We implement the industrial wheel loader product line with two modeling techniques. Comprehensive models and detailed modeling process explanation are presented. The product line functional safety analysis covers three aspects: 1. Investigate the different safety analysis techniques and choose the fault tree analysis as the main technique. 2. Extend the single system fault tree to the product line fault tree. 3. Investigate the contributions of the product line modeling techniques to the product line functional safety analysis. Specifically, we map the product line models to the product line fault tree. Furthermore, we evaluate the product line modeling techniques from their performance in domain analysis and safety analysis.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Texas at Dallas, 2009. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 224-234)

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 126 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-126).

Over the past decade, firms in the auto industry have focused much of their attention on new product development performance. This paper reports on a follow-up study to Clark and Fujimoto's research on product development performance in the 1980s. We find that US and European firms have made significant strides in meeting Japanese product development performance. Driving this improvement have been changes in the use of suppliers, in overlapping phases of the development process, and in the type of project management system used. We also find that Korean auto makers are relatively efficient in terms of lead time and engineering productivity, although final design quality is lower. The narrowing of the competitive gap in the management of individual projects may point to product line performance as a future driver of competitive advantage. / Draft