Le cancer du sein inflammatoire (CSI) est l’une des formes la plus agressive en raison de son potentiel métastatique élevé. Le diagnostic est basé sur des signes cliniques avec une émergence rapide, mais en réalité ces signes sont subjectifs et non spécifiques. Malgré le traitement multidisciplinaire, le pronostic reste mauvais avec une survie à 5 ans inférieure à 50% vs 90% dans le cancer du sein non inflammatoire (CSNI). Les CSI sont rares en Europe et aux Etats-Unis, représentant moins de 2% du CS. En Afrique du Nord et en particulier en Tunisie, ils représentent plus de 5% des CS. Notre équipe a trouvé des gènes significativement plus sur-exprimés dans CSI dans une signature moléculaire indépendante des sous-types moléculaires et était composé de 79 gènes. Nous nous sommes intéressés particulièrement à MARCKS qui code pour le substrat majeur de la protéine kinase C. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous avons tenté de mieux comprendre les aspects épidémiologiques et cliniques des CSI associés à une distribution géographique différente. Nous analyserons les caractéristiques histo-cliniques et de pronostic sur une série de 219 patientes de CSI traitées à l'Institut Salah Azaiez (Tunis) de 2008 à 2013. Les résultats de cette série historique tunisienne ont été comparés à ceux de la littérature. Évaluer si la protéine MARCKS pourrait être un nouveau marqueur spécifique du CSI par une analyse IHC sur des échantillons de tumeurs CSI et CSNI de patientes française et tunisiennes (N = 502). Les corrélations entre l'expression de MARCKS et les critères cliniques et biologiques ont été établies. / Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC is one of the most aggressive breast cancers due its high metastatic potential. The diagnostic is based on clinical signs with rapid emergence but in reality these signs are subjective and non-specific. Despite the multi-modality treatment, the prognosis remains poor with survival in 5-year inferior to 50% vs 90% in non-Inflammatory Breast Cancers (non-IBC). IBC were rare in Europe and USA, represented at least 2% of breast cancer (BC), more frequent in North Africa and particularly in Tunisia which they present more than 5% of BC. Our team has found genes most significantly over-expressed in IBC given a molecular signature independent from the molecular subtypes and was composed of 79 genes. We were interested particularly to MARCKS gene that encodes for the major substrate of protein kinase C. As part of this thesis, we have attempted to better understand the epidemiological and clinical aspects of IBCs associated with a different geographical distribution. We will analyze the histo-clinical characteristics and the prognosis on a series of 219 patients with IBC treated at the Salah Azaiez Institute (Tunis) from 2008 to 2013. The results of this historical Tunisian series were compared with those of literature. Evaluate whether MARCKS protein could be a new specific marker for IBC by an IHC analysis on IBC and non-IBC tumor samples of French and Tunisian patients (N=502). Correlations between the expression of MARCKS and clinical and biological criteria were established.

Les gliomes ont des conséquences dévastatrices. La morbidité et la mortalité sont élevées. Les gliomes représentent un groupe hétérogène complexe d'entités pathologiques et aucune cause n'a été identifiée pour la majorité des gliomes. Les données épidémiologiques varient d'une étude à l'autre. Le nombre de chaque sous-type histologique est trop petit, même pour un grand centre de neurochirurgie, pour permettre une bonne recherche sur chaque sous-type de gliome. Les spécificités oncologiques et cliniques (épilepsie, troubles cognitifs, troubles moteurs, etc.) nécessitent une prise en charge et une analyse spécifique. De plus, il est important de recueillir et d'enregistrer tous les nouveaux cas et le suivi sur une grande région ou un pays entier pour permettre des études fondamentales et cliniques de qualité. En effet, les études en population sont la seule façon de connaitre l'impact en pratique des différentes thérapeutiques effectuées. Les sociétés françaises impliquées en neuro-oncologie (Société Française de Neurochirurgie, Société Française de Neuropathologie, Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française) ont récemment créé le Recensement national histologique des tumeurs primitives du système nerveux central (RnhTPSNC) ou French Brain Tumor DataBase (FBTDB) en anglais. L'objectif principal du RnhTPSNC est d'enregistrer de manière prospective tous les cas incidents de tumeur primitive du système nerveux central (TPSNC), en France, pour lesquels le diagnostic histologique est confirmé (1-3). Les objectifs à long terme du RnhTPSNC sont de créer un registre histologique et un réseau national pour : (1) réaliser des études épidémiologiques, (2) mettre en place une base de données pour favoriser toute étude clinique ou fondamentale à grande échelle, (3) permettre l'évaluation des pratiques médicales d'une région ou du pays tout entier, (4) harmoniser et optimiser la prise en charge médicale des patients atteints de TPSNC. La présente étudiante en thèse, Sonia Zouaoui, concentrera son travail sur les gliomes. D'abord, elle devra recueillir les données des patients, puis analyser les facteurs pronostiques, la survie et les prises en charges oncologiques. Deuxièmement, elle participera à l'étude de la répartition géographique des principaux types de gliomes et à la recherche de facteurs de causaux. Troisièmement, elle procédera à un inventaire du matériel cryopréservé disponible pour la réalisation d'études translationnelles. / Gliomas have devastating consequences. Morbidity and mortality are high. Gliomas represent a complex heterogeneous group of pathologic entities and no underlying cause has been identified for the majority of them. Epidemiologic data vary from study to study. The number of each histological subtype is too small, even for a big neurosurgical center, to allow a good research on each subtype of glioma. Oncological and clinical specificities (epilepsy, cognitive disorders, motor impairments, etc) require a specific care and analysis. Indeed, we need to collect and record all new cases and follow up in large area, to allow good basic and clinical studies. Furthermore, population study is the only way to know what clinicians do to the patients, and make possible evaluating the medical care. The French societies involved in Neuro-Oncology (Société Française de Neurochirurgie, Société Française de Neuropathologie, Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française) have recently created the French Brain Tumor DataBase (FBTDB). The main objective of the FBTDB is to prospectively record all primary central nervous system tumors (PCNST), in France, for which histological diagnosis is available (1-3). The long-term goals of the FBTDB are to create a histological national registry and a national network to (1) perform epidemiological studies, (2) implement a new database and use it for setting up both clinical and basic research protocols, (3) allow the evaluation of the medical practices of an area or of the entire country, and (4) harmonize the healthcare of patients affected by PCNST at the higher level. The present PhD student, Sonia Zouaoui, will focus her work on gliomas. First, she will collect data, and will analyze prognostic factors, survival and oncological patterns of care for patients with newly diagnosed glioma in France. Secondly, she will participate in the study of geographical distribution of the main types of glioma and in search of causal factors. Thirdly, she will conduct an inventory of cryopreserved material available for translational research.

Es wurden 177 Patientinnen mit zwischen 1999 und 2005 an der Universitätsfrauenklinik Leipzig operativ therapiertem Mammakarzinom und vorangegangener Stanzbiopsie, für die vollständige Befunde vorlagen und bei denen keine neoadjuvante Chemotherapie stattfand, hinsichtlich der prognostischen und prädiktiven Faktoren und deren Vergleich zwischen Stanzbiopsie und dem endgültigen Tumorexzidat untersucht. Unsere Daten zeigten, dass die Stanzbiopsie in der Einschätzung des Differenzierungsgrades mit einer Konkordanz von 62,9% und der Lymphgefäßinvasion mit einer Konkordanz in 69,8% keine hohe Genauigkeit besitzt. Bezüglich des histologischen Typs mit einer Übereinstimmung von 77%, der Östrogen- und Progesteronrezeptorbestimmung mit Konkordanzen von 87% und 83% sowie hinsichtlich des Her-2/neu-Status mit einer Konkordanz von 79% fand sich eine moderate bis gute Übereinstimmung mit dem Exzidat, wobei zu diskutieren ist, ob bei initial an der Stanzbiopsie negativem Östrogen- und/oder Progesteronrezeptorstatus oder auch bei positivem Progesteronrezeptor- und negativem Östrogenrezeptornachweis eine erneute immunhistochemische Hormonrezeptoruntersuchung am Exzidat erfolgen sollte sowie ob bei einer Konkordanzrate des Her-2/neu von weniger 95% immer eine zweite Bestimmung am Operationspräparat als Basis einer definitiven Therapieplanung durchgeführt werden muß. In 8,5% wurde an der Biopsie keine Malignität festgestellt. Der Vergleich des Malignitätsgrades mit der Tumorkategorie als auch mit dem Lymphknotenstatus zeigte keine signifikante Korrelation. Eine fortgeschrittene Tumorkategorie war mit dem Vorhandensein von Lymphknotenmetastasen korreliert.:1.Einleitung 2 1.1 Epidemiologie des Mammakarzinoms 2 1.2 Ätiologie und Pathogenese des Mammakarzinoms 2 1.2.1 Risikofaktoren des Mammakarzinoms 2 1.2.2 Molekulare Subtypisierung des Mammakarzinoms 4 1.3 Histologische Typen des Mammakarzinoms 6 1.4 Histopathologisches Grading des Mammakarzinoms 8 1.5 Metastasierung des Mammakarzinoms 9 1.6 Hormonrezeptoren und Her-2/neu 11 1.6.1 Östrogen- und Progesteronrezeptoren 11 1.6.2 Her-2/neu-Rezeptor 14 1.7 Prognostische und prädiktive Faktoren 14 1.7.1 Der histologische Typ als prognostischer Faktor 15 1.7.2 Das Grading als prognostischer Faktor 16 1.7.3 Lymphgefäßinvasion als prognostischer Faktor 17 1.7.4 Östrogen- und Progesteronrezeptorstatus als prognostischer und prädiktiver Faktor 18 1.7.5 Her-2/neu als prognostischer und prädiktiver Faktor 19 1.7.6 Tumorgröße und Lymphknotenstatus als prognostische Faktoren 20 1.8 Diagnostik des Mammakarzinoms 21 1.9 Therapie des Mammakarzinoms 24 1.9.1 Operative Therapie 24 1.9.2 Strahlentherapie 25 1.9.3 Adjuvante systemische Therapie 25 1.9.4 Primäre systemische Therapie 26 2. Zielstellung 28 3. Patientinnen, Material und Methoden 30 3.1 Datenerhebung 30 3.2 Histopathologische Aufarbeitung und Befunderhebung 30 3.3 Immunhistochemische Hormonrezeptorbestimmung und Her-2/neu-Analyse 31 3.4 Statistische Auswertung 34 4. Ergebnisse 4.1 Altersverteilung des Patientinnenkollektivs 35 4.2 Vergleich des histologischen Tumortyps zwischen Stanzbiopsie und Exzidat 35 4.3 Vergleich des histopathologischen Malignitätsgrades zwischen Stanzbiopsie und Tumorexzidat 41 4.4Vergleich der Lymphgefäßinvasion zwischen Stanzbiopsie und Tumorexzidat 44 4.5 Vergleich des Östrogen- und Progesteronrezeptorstatus zwischen Stanzbiopsie und Tumorexzidat 46 4.5.1 Östrogenrezeptoren 46 4.5.2 Progesteronrezeptoren 47 4.5.3 Her-2/neu-Rezeptorstatus 48 4.5.4 Vergleichende Darstellung der Östrogen- mit den Progesteronrezeptoren sowie der Hormonrezeptoren mit dem Her-2/neu-Status 51 4.6 Fehlender Nachweis von Malignität an der Stanzbiopsie 55 4.7 Vergleichende Auswertung des histopathologischen Malignitätsgrades und der lokalen Tumorausdehnung (pT) am endgültigen Tumorexzidat 57 4.8 Vergleichende Auswertung des Differenzierungsgrades und des Lymphknotenstatus (pN) zum Zeitpunkt der Operation 58 4.9 Vergleichende Auswertung der lokalen Tumorausdehnung (pT) und des Lymphknotenstatus (pN) zum Zeitpunkt der Operation 60 4.10 Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse 62 5. Diskussion 63 5.1 Der histologische Typ 63 5.2 Der histologische Malignitätsgrad 65 5.3 Lymphgefäßinvasion 67 5.4 Hormonrezeptorstatus 67 5.5 Her-2/neu-Status 70 5.6 Vergleich des Malignitätsgrades mit der lokalen Tumorausdehnung und dem Lymphknotenstatus 73 6. Zusammenfassung 74 Tabellenverzeichnis 77 Abbildungsverzeichnis 79 Literaturverzeichnis 81 Erklärung 95 Danksagung 96

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第18888号 / 医博第3999号 / 新制||医||1009(附属図書館) / 31839 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 中川 一路, 教授 木原 正博, 教授 西渕 光昭 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Predictive and prognostic factors in gastric cancer Šmíd D. Surgical clinic of University Hospital in Pilsen and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague. Introduction: Gastric cancer is one of malignant diseases which have the worst prognosis. Unfortunately, there are most patients with advanced-stage disease who have to be treated in a palliative way. Patients suffered from the same type of tumor, being at the same stage of disease and treated with the same chemotherapy have various rates of survival, which can be caused by diverse expression of selected genes impacting on the mechanism of cytostatic effects. The determination of these genes or microRNAs which regulate these genes could be used as a predictive factor for prediction of effects of administered chemotherapy. The determination of some microRNAs, or in the combination with suitable plasmatic factors, could be used as a prognostic factor for patients with gastric cancer. It is also possible to use this combination for early diagnosis of cancerogenesis Object: The aim is to verify the possibility to use expression of selected genes and some microRNAs in tumor tissue as a prognostic factor or a predictor for therapeutic effects of chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer. Methodology: We retrospectively evaluated the group...

No description available.

O carcinoma de mama é uma doença altamente prevalente e incidente. Em nosso meio, cerca de metade dos casos são diagnosticados em estádios localmente avançados e/ou disseminados. Nesta situação o índice de sucessos terapêuticos é pequeno. Recentemente vem sendo citado na literatura as células tronco tumorais (CTT) como aquelas responsáveis pelas recorrências tumorais, pois este tipo de células seria capaz de repovoar o hospedeiro com células tumorais de mesma origem. Postula-se também que este tipo de células é resistente ao tratamento quimioterápico. Assim, o prognóstico de uma paciente dependeria diretamente da quantidade de CTT presentes em seu tumor na época do tratamento. As expressões de CD44/CD24, CXCR4 e ABCG2 têm sido relatadas como potenciais marcadores de células tronco no câncer de mama (CTCM). A associação entre a quantidade de CTCMs e a resposta à quimioterapia neoadjuvante (QNA) permanece obscura. Métodos: Foram analisadas prospectivamente a expressão de CD44/CD24, CXCR4 e ABCG2 em 41 pacientes com câncer de mama localmente avançado ou metastático (CMLA) submetidas à QNA. O ensaio de mamosferas (Mammocult ®) foi estudado em 25 amostras. Idade média dos pacientes foi de 52,9 ± 10,3 anos. De acordo com o estádio clínico (EC), uma paciente foi classificada como IIa, 5 pacientes foram IIb, 10 foram IIIa, 16 foram IIIb, uma foi IIIc e 8 foram IV. O diâmetro médio do tumor clínico foi de 5,6 ± 3 centímetros. Os receptores de estrógeno (RE), receptores de progesterona (PgR) e HER2 positivos apresentaram as taxas de expressão de 65%, 58% e 46%, respectivamente. A porcentagem mediana de células ESA+/CD44+/CD24-, ESA+/CXCR4 + e ESA+/ABCG2 + foram determinados por citometria de fluxo em tumores frescos amostrados após a digestão do tecido. A relação entre as análises de citometria de fluxo e resposta clínica e patológica à terapia foi analisada. Resultados: A resposta clínica completa (RCC) e resposta patológica completa (PCR) foram observadas em 15 (36%) e 10 (24%) pacientes respectivamente. Não observamos uma associação significativa entre PCR, ER, PgR ou expressão HER2. Observamos uma associação entre o tamanho clínico com percentual de células ESA+/ABCG2+ dentro do tumor (p = 0,0481) e do grau tumoral com a capacidade de formação de esferas (p = 0,0392). Nenhuma correlação entre PCR e a população de células CD44+/CD24- dentro do tumor foi observada. Houve uma correlação positiva entre a expressão de ESA+/ABCG2+ e ESA+/CXCR4+ com o número de formação de mamosferas (p = 0,0007 e p = 0,0497, respectivamente). Esta correlação não foi significativa em comparação com células ESA+/CD44+/CD24-. Conclusões: O percentual de células cancerosas ABCG2+ dentro do tumor e do número de formação mamosferas são fatores preditivos de PCR em pacientes submetidos à QNA para CMLA. ABCG2 é um marcador potencial para CTCMs. Palavras chave: Câncer de mama, Célula tronco tumoral, Quimioterapia neoadjuvante, Taxanos, Fatores prognósticos. / Breast cancer is a disease highly prevalent and incident. In our country, about half of cases are diagnosed in advanced stages locally and / or disseminated. In this situation the therapeutic success rate is small. Recently been reported in the literature cancer stem cells (CSC) as those responsible for tumor recurrence, as this type of cells could repopulate the host cell tumor of the same origin. It is also postulated that this type of cells are resistant to chemotherapy. Thus the prognosis of a patient depend directly on the amount of CSC present in their tumor at the time of treatment. The expressions of CD44/CD24, CXCR4 and ABCG2 have been reported as potential breast cancer stem-like cell (CSLC) markers. The association between the quantity of CSLCs and the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) remains unclear. Methods: We prospectively analyzed the expression of CD44/CD24, CXCR4 and ABCG2 in 41 breast cancer patients with locally advanced or metastatic (CMLA) submitted to NAC. The assay mamosferas (Mammocult ®) was studied in 25 samples. Mean age of patients was 52.9 ± 10.3 years. According to the clinical stage (CS), one patient was classified as IIa, IIb 5 patients, 10 were IIIa, IIIb were 16, 1 and 8 have been IIIc IV. The mean diameter of tumor therapy was 5.6 ± 3 cm. The estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) and HER2 showed positive expression rates of 65%, 58% and 46%, respectively. The median percentage of cells ESA+/CD44+/CD24-, ESA+/CXCR4+ and ESA+/ABCG2+ were determined by flow cytometry in tumors sampled after digestion fresh tissue. The relationship between flow cytometric analysis and clinical and pathological response to therapy was assessed. Results: The complete clinical response (CCR) and pathologic complete response (PCR) was seen in 15 (36%) and 10 (24%) patients, respectively. We did not observe a significant association between CRP, ER, PgR and HER2 expression. An association was observed between the size clinical percentage of cells ESA+/ABCG2+ within the tumor (p = 0.0481) and tumor grade with the ability to form spheres (p = 0.0392). No correlation between PCR and cell population CD44+/CD24-within the tumor was observed. There was a positive correlation between the expression of ESA+/ABCG2+ and ESA+/CXCR4+ with the number of training mamosferas (p = 0.0007 and p = 0.0497, respectivamenete). This correlation was not significant compared with cells ESA+/CD44+/CD24-. Conclusions: The percentage of ABCG2 + cancer cells within the tumor and the number of training mamosferas are predictors of CRP in patients undergoing NAC for CMLA. ABCG2 is a potential marker for CTCMs. Keywords: Breast cancer, stem cell tumor, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, taxanes, Prognostic factors.

Introdução: A lombalgia gera altos custos, em todo o mundo, com tratamentos e perda de produtividade. Embora hoje existam vários tratamentos para lombalgia, não ocorrem estudos demonstrando a superioridade de um programa específico de reabilitação e o número de pacientes que recidiva da dor é alto, sobrecarregando os serviços públicos de saúde. Questionamos se uma lista de fatores prognósticos elaborada, em 2007, pelo Multinational Musculoskeletal Inception Cohort Study, poderiam servir também para identificar fatores prognósticos da resposta terapêutica à fisioterapia convencional, em pacientes com lombalgia crônica já estabelecida. Objetivos: Identificar fatores prognósticos para resposta ao tratamento fisioterápico em uma população de pacientes com lombalgia crônica. Materiais e métodos: Foram selecionados 130 pacientes com lombalgia mecânica comum crônica no Ambulatório de Doenças da Coluna da Reumatologia. Estes pacientes foram avaliados inicialmente, após realização de dez sessões de fisioterapia e três meses após a da última sessão. Os pacientes foram classificados como respondedores ao apresentarem melhora na escala numérica de dor (END) e redução no questionário de Roland Morris (QRM). Resultado: A ausência de dor extra- espinhal e medo evitação-trabalho aumentam a chance de melhora na END ao final do tratamento. Já a melhora pelo QRM, ao final de dez sessões, só é influenciada pela ausência de dor extra-espinhal. Após três meses do final do tratamento, a ausência de medo-evitação trabalho e dor extra-espinhal aumentam a chance de melhora na END. Conclusão: Identificamos que medo e evitação-trabalho, bem como a presença de dor extra-espinhal são características de subgrupos de pacientes que podem necessitar de programas de reabilitação especiais / Introduction: Low back pain causes high treatment expenses and productivity losses worldwide. Although several treatments are currently available for low back pain, no studies have demonstrated the superiority of any rehabilitation program, and the number of patients exhibiting relapse is notably high, which has the effect of overloading the public health services. We questioned whether the list of prognostic factors elaborated in 2007 by the Multinational Musculoskeletal Inception Cohort Study, could also serve to identify prognostic factors of therapeutic response to conventional therapy in patients with chronic LBP already established. Aim: To identify prognostic factors for the response to physiotherapy treatment in a population of patients with chronic low back pain. Materials and Methods: A total of 130 patients with chronic mechanical low back pain were selected at the spine disease outpatient clinic of the rheumatology unit of a hospital. These patients were assessed at recruitment, at the completion of 10 sessions of physiotherapy and three months later. Patients were classified as responders when they exhibited at least a two-point improvement on a numerical rating scale (NRS) and at least a four-point reduction on the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). Results: According to the NRS, the absence of extra-spinal pain and fear avoidance work increased the odds of improvement at the end of treatment. Improvement in the RMDQ at the end of 10 sessions was only influenced by the lack of extra-spinal pain. Three months after the end of the treatment, as measured by the NRS, the absence of fear-avoidance with regard to work and the absence of extra-spinal pain increased the improvement odds. Conclusion: We identified fear-avoidance with regard to work and the presence of extra-spinal pain as characteristics of subgroups of patients who may require special rehabilitation programs

Der Einfluß von Ovulationshemmern auf die Tumorbiologie und die Prognose des Mammakarzinoms Die Frage eines potentiellen Einflusses von Ovulationshemmern (OH) auf die Tumorbiologie und die Prognose des Mammakarzinoms stellt noch immer ein ungeklärtes Problem dar. Zur Untersuchung dieser Frage wurde eine Fall-Kontroll-Studie aufgelegt, die den Effekt der OH-Einnahme vor der Diagnose des Mammakarzinoms auf dessen Prognosefaktoren und den Verlauf der Erkrankung untersucht. Das mediane Follow-up belief sich auf 10 Jahre. Bei 471 Patientinnen wurde der Einfluß von OH auf konventionelle (Tumortyp, Grading, Tumorgröße, LK-Status, ER, PR) und molekularbiologische (PCNA, EGF-R, c-erbB-2, p53) Prognosefaktoren dargestellt. In Abhängigkeit von der Zeit seit der letzten Einnahme von OH konnten 2 Tumorentitäten charakterisiert werden. Bei OH-Einnahme bis zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnose fanden sich signifikant häufiger LK-positive (OR 2.14), schlecht differenzierte (OR 2.01) und stark proliferierende Tumoren (OR 2.13). Patientinnen mit langer Latenzperiode seit letzter OH-Einnahme zeigten signifikant häufiger ER-positive (OR 21.6-3.69) allerdings auch EGF-R-positive Tumoren (OR 1.73-2.0) mit moderater Proliferationsaktivität (OR 1.64-1.93). In multivaraiaten Überlebensanalysen hatten Patientinnen mit Langzeiteinnahme (mehr als 5 Jahre) und solche mit OH-Einnahme lange vor der Diagnose der Erkrankung (mehr als 96 Monate) ein signifikant besseres Überleben (HR 0.55, 95%CI 0.34-0.90; HR 0.49, 95%CI 0.26-0.92 respektive)als Patientinnen ohne OH-Einnahme. Dagegen hatte Patientinnen bei OH-Einnahme bis zur Diagnose oder Einnahme in den letzten beiden Jahren vor Diagnose ein signifikant schlechteres Überleben als solche ohne OH-Einnahme (HR 2.29, 95%CI 1.02-5.17; HR 3.80, 95%CI 1.45-9.97 respektive). Offenbar ist die OH-Einnahme während eines biologisch sensiblen Zeitraumes der Entwicklung des Mammakarzinomes von größerer Bedeutung als die Dauer der OH-Einnahme. Eine biologische Hypothese wird dargestellt. / Oral contraceptive use and breast cancer: Effect on tumorbiolgy and prognosis The question of whether oral contraceptive(OC) use before diagnosis has an effect on tumorbiology and prognosis of breast cancer remains a subject of discussion. Thus, a case-control study was conducted to investigate the effect of OC use on prognostic factors and the outcome of breast cancer patients. The median follow-up amounted to 10 years. In 471 breast cancer patients histomorphological (tumortype, grading, tumorsize, nodal status, ER, PR) and molecularbiological prognostic factors (PCNA, EGF-R, c-erbB-2, p53) and their association to OC use were studied. 297 (63%) patients were OC users, 113 were short-term users (less than 5 years) and 184 were long-term users. Dependend on the time since last OC use, two different biological tumor entities were characterised. In current users a significant increase in node-positive (OR 2.14) and poorly differentiated tumors (OR 2.01) and of tumors with a high proliferative fraction (OR 2.13) was observed. Past users with a long latency period had significantly more ER-positive (OR 2.16-3.69) but also EGF-R positive tumors (OR 1.73-2.0) with a moderate increase in proliferative activity (OR 1.64-1.93) compared to never users. In multivariate survival analyses long-term OC use (HR 0.55, 95%CI 0.34-0.90) and first OC use more than 96 months before diagnosis (HR 0.49, 95%CI 0.26-0.92) were associated with a significant improvement in survival, whereas current OC use ( HR 2.29, 95%CI 1.02-5.17) or last OC use during the last 2 years before diagnosis (HR 3.80, 95%CI 1.45-9.97) were related to a significant decrease in survival rates. OC use during a biologically sensitive time period seems to be more important than duration of use. A biological hypothesis is beeing suggested.

Contexte : L'insuffisance cardiaque (IC) est un syndrome aux étiologies variées, et hétérogène dans ses présentations cliniques, dont l'incidence augmente avec l'âge et dont le pronostic reste sombre. Les facteurs pronostiques dans l'IC ont été largement décrits dans la littérature, en particulier dans l'IC à fraction d'éjection réduite (ICFER), à plus ou moins long terme. Des interventions thérapeutiques médicamenteuses, chirurgicales, ou complexes sont recommandées pour traiter ce syndrome. Objectifs : Les objectifs de ce travail étaient d'évaluer la valeur pronostique des marqueurs de fibrose chez les patients hypertendus, de décrire la survie et d'identifier les facteurs pronostiques chez les patients en IC, à très long terme chez les ICFER, et à 1 an chez les IC à fraction d'éjection préservée (ICFEP), et de mesurer l'impact sur les hospitalisations de 2 interventions complexes recommandées. Méthodes : Une première étude de cohorte a été menée chez des patients hypertendus, avec un recueil à l'inclusion des dosages sériques des marqueurs du renouvellement de la matrice extracellulaire cardiaque (MRMEC) et un suivi pendant 6 ans. Deux autres études de cohorte ont permis d'identifier les facteurs pronostiques de décès à 15 ans chez des patients ICFER (EPICAL), et à 1 an chez les ICFEP (Odin). Enfin, les données du PMSI ont permis de mesurer l'impact pronostique de la prise en charge dans une unité spécialisée (UTIC) et d'une prise en charge de type disease management (ICALOR). Résultats : La première étude a mis en évidence la valeur pronostique des MRMEC chez des patients hypertendus. L'étude EPICAL a montré que l'âge avancé, le diabète, l'insuffisance rénale chronique, l'ancienneté de l'IC, les antécédents de décompensation, la tachycardie, une fraction d'éjection réduite, et une hyponatrémie étaient associés à une mortalité plus élevée à 15 ans chez les ICFER. L'étude ODIN a montré la valeur pronostique négative de facteurs sociaux comme le fait de vivre seul ou la limitation des activités, chez les ICFEP. Enfin, les prises en charge en UTIC et par le réseau ICALOR étaient associées à une diminution des hospitalisations pour IC, mesurable à l'échelle populationnelle. Conclusion : Ces travaux permettent d'envisager de nouvelles pistes de prévention primaire et secondaire, afin de diminuer l'incidence, la morbidité et la mortalité liées à l'IC / Context: Heart failure (HF) is a heterogeneous syndrome with various aetiologies. HF incidence increases with age, and the prognosis remains poor. Prognostic factors have been widely described in the literature, especially in HF with reduced ejection fraction with short-term or mid-term follow-up. Medications, surgical interventions, and complex interventions are part of the current guidelines. Objectives: To assess the prognostic value of fibrosis markers in hypertensive patients; to describe the survival and to detect prognostic factors, first at 15 years in HF patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFREF), and second at one year in HF patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF); and to assess the prognostic impact of 2 complex interventions on HF hospitalisations. Methods: Cardiac extracellular matrix serum markers (CEMSM) were assessed at baseline in a first cohort of hypertensive patients followed-up for 6 years. Two other cohort studies were used to detect prognostic factors associated with very-long term mortality in HFREF (EPICAL), and with 1-year mortality in HFPEF (Odin). And the national diagnostic related group database was used to assess the prognostic impact of a HF unit (UTIC) and a disease management programme (ICALOR). Results: The first cohort study highlighted the prognostic value of CEMSM in hypertensive patients. In EPICAL study, older age, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, time from HF onset, history of hospitalisations for worsening HF, tachycardia, a low left ventricular ejection fraction, and hyponatraemia were associated with a higher mortality in HFREF patients. In Odin study, we highlighted the negative prognostic impact of social factors, such as living alone or daily activity limitation, in HFPEF patients. Both UTIC and ICALOR were associated with a decrease in HF hospitalisations compatible with a population impact. Conclusion: These studies offer new insights for primary and secondary prevention strategies that could eventually lead to decrease HF incidence, HF morbidity, and HF mortality