Thesis (MPH)--University of Limpopo, 2011. / Background: Previously the role of health promotion in physiotherapy was not well understood to the extent where there was no emphasis on the practice of health promotion in the education program of physiotherapists. However in the last twenty years, especially after the adoption of the Ottawa Charter (1986) the emphasis has shifted significantly towards health promotion. Purpose: To determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of physiotherapists regarding health promotion in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Method: This was a quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study using a self administered questionnaire to collect data on the knowledge, attitude and practices of physiotherapists in Gauteng Province regarding health promotion. The target populations were qualified physiotherapists in Gauteng Province registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). Results: The overall percentage of all the physiotherapists’ knowledge, attitude and practice was 76% which is regarded as good according to the score chart (60-79%). The participant’s knowledge, attitude and practice were rated as 72%, 79% and 76% which is also regarded as good according to the score chart (60-79%) Conclusion: In conclusion physiotherapists have good knowledge, attitude and practice towards health promotion in Gauteng Province, South Africa. However, there is room for improvement in acquiring more in- depth knowledge about health promotion principles and if this can be achieved, more physiotherapists will be able to practice health promotion actively.

Effect of On-line Promotion--A Study of 3C Products

An Examination of elementary physical education teachers' perceived self-efficacy toward teaching children with orthopedic impairments in Montana: Do teachers feel competent? Chairperson: Dr. Arthur Miller The purpose of this study was to explore elementary physical educators' self-efficacy beliefs toward teaching children with orthopedic impairments in general physical education class and identify adapted physical education teacher training needs in Montana. The method for this study is based on the Physical Educators' Self-Efficacy Toward Including Students with Disabilities - Autism (PESEISD-A) (Talliaferro et al, 2010) electronic survey instrument and Bandura's (2006) guidelines. A modification of the PESEISD-A instrument was utilized to examine physical educators' self-efficacy toward teaching students with orthopedic impairments (PESEISD-OI) with elementary physical educators in Montana (N=83). Findings indicated that the lowest levels of self-efficacy were in regards to assessing motor skills, modifying equipment and activities, and teachers with higher levels of self-efficacy perceived less challenges toward teaching students with orthopedic impairments. Teachers who taught in towns of 20,000 50,000 in population were significantly less efficacious than teachers in all other size towns, whereas participants in small rural towns (less than 2,500 in population) were the most efficacious. Additionally, teachers who earned undergraduate and graduate credits in adapted physical education and those with coursework in both special education and adapted physical education were positively correlated with perceived self-efficacy toward teaching students with orthopedic impairments. Finally, a significant positive relationship was found between teachers' perceived self-efficacy in self-efficacy beliefs based on their perception of their undergraduate teacher preparation. This study provides useful data for higher education in regards to pre-service teacher preparation coursework and practicum experiences. Furthermore, this information will assist the Montana Office of Public Instruction in identifying professional development opportunities to ensure that all children with disabilities receive free and appropriate education designed to meet their unique needs in a successful, inclusive environment.

Breast milk is well recognized as the best natural food for infants and is also known to provide immediate and long-term health benefits for infants. According to the Baby- Friendly Hospital Initiative Hong Kong Association, the breastfeeding initiation rate in Hong Kong has been continuously increasing. For duration of breastfeeding, World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for six months and the introduction of complementary food should start since the age of two. Despite active promotion of breastfeeding up to 6 months, the exclusive breastfeeding rate is still low and women in Hong Kong generally stop breastfeeding within the first few months. The Department of Health in Hong Kong facilitates a supportive environment in all Maternal and Child Health centres to promote breastfeeding. To support mothers exclusively breastfeed for the first six months, a structured individualized lactation counseling and support is worth to implement when mothers are discharged from hospital around 48 hours and transfer to primary care. The individualized lactation counseling provides latching technique to ensure proper attachment and positioning to prevent early complications at the early postnatal. It also continues to follow up until 1-to-2 weeks after delivery. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the individualized professional lactation counseling and support at early postnatal periods to prolong the duration of breastfeeding. Eight studies were identified after comprehensive literature review and the quality of these studies was assessed. An evidence-based guideline was developed based on the analyzed research findings. The implementation and evaluation of the proposed guideline were compiled in this translational research. An evidence-based guideline for providing individualized lactation counseling and support was developed to help health professionals to provide competent and effective breastfeeding counseling to mothers. The purpose of the guideline is to encourage mothers to breastfeed up to six months. / published_or_final_version / Nursing Studies / Master / Master of Nursing

Breast milk provides optimal nutrition for babies and exhibits short and long-term health benefits for mothers and babies. Comparing the breastfeeding figures worldwide, Hong Kong has lower breastfeeding rates compared with other developed countries. Clinically and locally, inadequate skill support from nurses decreases breastfeeding rates. This thesis introduces evidenced-based guidelines of breastfeeding focused on skill training for improving duration and exclusiveness of breastfeeding. Based on available evidence, the guidelines aim to improve breastfeeding rates. The guidelines focus on skill training (position and attachment) as major component. Transferability and feasibility to apply the guidelines clinically was assessed. Lastly, an implementation plan was discussed. / published_or_final_version / Nursing Studies / Master / Master of Nursing

Breastmilk is the most natural and complete nutrition for infants, and breastfeeding incurs numerous benefits for both infants and mothers. The World Health Organization recommends that mothers exclusively breastfeed their infants for six months and continue breastfeeding for up to two years of age and beyond. More than 80% of Hong Kong mothers now initiate breastfeeding. However, overall breastfeeding duration remains short and rates of exclusive breastfeeding are low. Premature weaning is influenced by multiple factors, and mothers require additional support from healthcare professionals to overcome various lactation difficulties in the early postpartum period. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two postnatal professional support interventions on the duration of any and exclusive breastfeeding. We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of in-hospital support and post-discharge telephone support on breastfeeding outcomes among first-time mothers in Hong Kong. Seven hundred and twenty two mother-infant pairs with uncomplicated, full-term pregnancies were recruited from the postnatal units of three large public hospitals. With the hospital as the unit of randomization, participants were allocated to standard care (n=263), in-hospital support (n=191), or post-discharge telephone support (n=268). Mothers in the in-hospital group were given three individualized breastfeeding support sessions during the postnatal hospitalization, with two sessions given in first 24 hours after birth and one the following day, providing lactation knowledge and instructions on breastfeeding techniques. Participants in the telephone group were provided with weekly 30-minute breastfeeding counseling and support sessions for the first four weeks after delivery, with first contact initiated within 72 hours after discharge. The primary study outcomes were the prevalence of any and exclusive breastfeeding at one, two and three months postpartum. Seven hundred (97%) participants completed the six-month follow-up, while eleven had partial follow-up and eleven could not be contacted. The rates of any and exclusive breastfeeding were higher among participants in the two intervention groups at all follow-up points when compared with those who received standard care. Participants receiving the telephone support were significantly more likely to continue any breastfeeding at one month (76.2% vs. 67.3%; OR=1.63, 95% CI 1.10-2.41) and two months (58.6% vs. 48.9%; OR=1.48, 95% CI 1.04-2.10), and to be exclusively breastfeeding at one month (28.4% vs. 16.9%; OR=1.90, 95% CI 1.24-2.91). Participants in the in-hospital support group were also more likely to be breastfeeding at all time points in the first six months but the effect was not statistically significant. Early professional breastfeeding support, especially weekly telephone counseling, significantly increased the rates of any and exclusive breastfeeding in the early postpartum period and significantly increased overall breastfeeding duration in the first six months among first-time mothers. Additional postnatal professional support when given to breastfeeding mothers on a one-to-one basis can improve breastfeeding outcomes. While hospital practices need to be strengthened to further promote and support breastfeeding, more well-designed trials are required to determine the most effective mode and intensity of intervention that improves the longer-term breastfeeding rates. / published_or_final_version / Nursing Studies / Doctoral / Doctor of Nursing

In Hong Kong, while around 85% of mothers choose to breastfeed their infants, most discontinue within the first one to two months postpartum. This indicates that there is room for improving the current breastfeeding education. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a professional one-to-one antenatal breastfeeding support and education intervention on the exclusivity and duration of breastfeeding. A total of 469 primiparous women who attended the antenatal clinics of two geographically distributed public hospitals in Hong Kong were randomized to receive either standard antenatal care or a one-to-one antenatal breastfeeding support and education session. The primary outcome was the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 weeks postpartum. Secondary outcomes were the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding at 3 and 6 months postpartum, as well as the overall duration of any and exclusive breastfeeding across the first 6 months postpartum. The study had a least 80% power to detect a 50% increase in the rate of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 weeks postpartum. The exclusive breastfeeding rate in the intervention group was 37.8% at 6 weeks postpartum compared with 36.4% in the standard care group (p=0.77; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) -0.08, 0.11). There were no significant differences between the two treatment groups in exclusive breastfeeding rates at 3 and 6 months or in in the overall duration of any (Hazard Ratio (HR) =1.11; 95% CI 0.88, 1.40) or exclusive breastfeeding (HR=0.96; 95% CI 0.79, 1.17). In a setting with a high breastfeeding initiation rate, one-to-one antenatal breastfeeding support and education did not increase the exclusivity or duration of breastfeeding. / published_or_final_version / Nursing Studies / Master / Master of Philosophy

The purpose of this study was to examine the historical roots of the wellness movement, as well as to draw implications from this data for the future of wellness. The process began with the definition of several key terms and the outline of the problem.Next, the history of health and wellness was summarized beginning with the fifth century and continuing to the present. Taken into account were both Eastern and Western cultural trends. Current literature was then examined which showed the variety of work being done in the field, antecedents to the wellness movement, and the pattern of dualistic thought.The final section consists of two parts. The first part analyzes the previous section, summarizing the origin and development of the concept of wellness. The second part lists and discusses implications for the future. / Institute for Wellness

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Adelaide, 1987. / Errata slip inserted. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Nurs.)--University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-54)