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Yes / Over the previous two decades, a notable array of space exploration missions have been initiated with the primary aim of facilitating the return of both humans and robots from Earth to the moon. The significance of these endeavors cannot be emphasized enough as numerous entities, both public and private, from across the globe have invested substantial resources into this pursuit. Researchers have committed their efforts to addressing the challenges linked to lunar communication. Even with all of these efforts, only a few of the many suggested designs for communication and antennas on the moon have been evaluated and compared. These designs have also not been shared with the scientific community. To bridge this gap in the existing body of knowledge, this paper conducts a thorough review of lunar surface communication and the diverse antenna designs employed in lunar communication systems. This paper provides a summary of the findings presented in lunar surface communication research while also outlining the assorted challenges that impact lunar communication. Apart from various antenna designs reported in this field, based on their intended usage, two additional classifications are introduced: (a) mission-based antennas-utilized in actual lunar missions-and (b) research-based antennas-employed solely for research purposes. Given the critical need to comprehend and predict lunar conditions and antenna behaviors within those conditions, this review holds immense significance. Its relevance is particularly pronounced in light of the numerous upcoming lunar missions that have been announced. / This work is part of the “Performance Evaluation of Lunar Rashid Rover Communication System” research project, supported by the University of Dubai.

Les besoins de nouveaux services dans les rames ferroviaires ( le comptage, l’efficience énergétique, le confort et la sécurité des passagers etc.), risquent de saturer à terme les systèmes de communication filaires mis en place il y a une vingtaine d’années. Les réseaux de capteurs sans fil, par leurs avantages (déploiement facile, capacité à s’adapter à plusieurs types d’environnements, faible consommation d’énergie), ouvrent de nombreuses perspectives pour les systèmes de gestion énergétique. Le but de ce travail de thèse est d’étudier et mettre en oeuvre un réseau de capteurs sans fil à l’intérieur des trains pour l’efficience énergétique. Ainsi, quelques protocoles de communication dédiés à la gestion énergétique ont été présentés puis une étude comparative des différents réseaux de communication sans fil réalisée. Cette étude comparative a permis de faire le choix du réseau ZigBee comme étant le plus adéquat pour la plateforme. L’architecture hybride proposée permet l’utilisation du réseau IP existant comme colonne vertébrale de l’ensemble des réseaux ZigBee. Afin de tenir compte de l’effet de l’environnement ferroviaire dans la planification et le déploiement du réseau, une étude du canal de propagation, basée sur des mesures réalisées dans un métro et un wagon de RER a été menée. L’impact de la coexistence entre le ZigBee et le WiFi et de la présence humaine sur la communication du réseau sans fil a été démontré. Le prototype d’une plateforme basée sur le réseau ZigBee allant de la collecte des données à l’affichage des informations a été réalisé et testé. / The need of new services in railway trains (services for metering, energy efficiency, the comfort and safety of users etc.) may eventually saturate the wired communication systems installed since twenty years ago years. The several advantages of wireless sensor networks (easy deployment, ability to adapt on different environments and low energy consumption) offer many possibilities for energy management systems. The aim of this thesis is to study and implement a wireless network sensors inside trains for energy efficiency. Thus, some communication protocols dedicated to energy management were presented and then a comparative study of the various wireless communication networks carried out. This comparative study shows that the ZigBee network is the most suitable for the platform. The proposed hybrid architecture allows the use of the existing IP network as the backbone of all ZigBee networks. In order to take into account the effect of the railway environment in the planning and deployment of the network, a study of the propagation channel was carried out, based on measurements realized in a subway and a RER car. The impact of the coexistence between ZigBee and WiFi and of the human presence on wireless communication have been demonstrated. The prototype of a platform based on the ZigBee network, allows data collection, informations traitement and monitoring, was carried out.